八年级人教版英语寒假讲义第11讲 语法填空虚词 教师版

2021年1月25日发(作者：精简)

第
11
讲

语法填空虚词

教师版

一、课前热身

There are always lots of 1 (worry) in our life. When I was a teenager, Mom said to me,
worries in life. Don’t worry. Wait! One day your luck will change. Then you
3
(solve) your problems.”

4 the age of 21, I graduated (
毕业
) from a college. One day, I wen o Chicago and knock the door of every radio
station. But they turned me 5 every time. They thought that I didn't have enough 6 (experience). I felt really upset.
I went back home. Mom said to me,
radio station in Iowa. I took her advice.
At a small radio station in Iowa, the manager told me that he had someone. As I left his office I asked,
anything else 8 I can't host a sports program? I waited and then to my surprise he said.
hard at the radio station 9 (slow) the manager found I was carefully and was talented in 10 ( host) programs. At
last, I started my favorite job.
I trust my mother, And I will never forget her words,
my favorite job. Then you’ll solve your problems.”

【答案】：
1. worries have solve 4. At 6. experience try 8. if g









名词

形容词

副词

实词


动词

代词

数词



语法

虚词

冠词


介词

连词


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二、知识梳理

【知识梳理
1
】冠词

冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，

帮助指明名词的含义，表示主语

数
量或者特征。冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。

冠词分为不定冠词
“a”
和
”an”,
定冠词
“the”
和零冠词三种。零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。不定冠词表示泛
指，定冠词表示特指。

一、不定冠词的用法
:
(1) a
和
an
均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：

John is a student.
Mary is an English teacher.
(2)
指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如
:
A steel worker makes steel.
Pass me an apple, please.
(3)
指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。例如：

A student wants to see you.
A girl is waiting for you outside.
(4)
表示
“
每一
”
的意思，相当于
every
。例如：

Take the medicine three times a day.
They go to see their parents once a week.
(5)
表示
“
一阵，一份，一场，一类
”
等，

用在某些物质名词和抽象名词前

e.g. There was a heavy rain last night.
(6)
组成词组或成语

如
all of a sudden
突然，
a little / a few / a lot
一些

，
as a rule
通常，
as a matter of fact
事实上
have a cold
感冒了，

have a rest
休息一会儿
, in a hurry
匆忙
a great many / many a
许多，
after a while
一会儿，
have a try
试一试等。

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二、定冠词的用法


(1)
特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：

The book on the desk is an English dictionary.
Beijing is the capital of China.
(2)
指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：

Open the door, please.
Jack is in the library.
(3)
上文提到过的人或事物。例如：


Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan
.
(4)
表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如：

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
(5)
用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如：

Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
January is the first month of the year.
(6)
用在某些形容词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：

The nurse is kind to the sick.
We should take good care of the old.
(7)
用在单数可数名词前表示一类人或事物

The tiger is a dangerous animal
(8)
在江河，海洋，山脉，群岛，沙漠等专有名词前及

某些普通名词构成的专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。
例如：

the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air
等。

(9)
用在姓氏复数之前，表示
“
某某一家人
”
，
“
某某夫妇
”
。例如：

the Browns, the whites
等。

3


(10)
用在表示乐器的名词之前。例如：

She plays the piano.
她会弹钢琴。

(11)
表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前。例如：

She caught me by the arm.
她抓住了我的手臂。

(12)
用在惯用语中。例如：

the morning (afternoon, evening)
上午（下午，晚上），
in the middle of...
在
...
之中

，
to put the cart before the
horse
本末倒置，
to break the ice
打破沉默，
to tell the truth
说真话
, to go to the doctor's
看病，
to go to the cinema
看电影
in the day
在白天
, the day after tomorrow
后天
, the day before yesterday
前天
,
in the sky
（
water
，
field
，
country)
在 （水中、田野里、农村）
, in the dark
黑暗中
, in the rain
在雨中
, in the end
最
后
, by the way
顺便
, go to the theatre
去剧院

【例题精讲】

（一）

1.I sat down beside her and said,
shyly.
2. Hundreds of people attended the premiere(
首映
) of the film held in____ theater in America, on Monday at night.
Waving
Chinese
flags
in
their
hands,
the
audience
sang
My
People,
My
Country
together
at
the
beginning
of
the
movie.1.
3. Born in Spain, Picasso showed his talent at early age. He first learned painting from his father, who was an art
teacher.
4. ____________creative idea for the fitness buses comes from James Balfour and Giles Dean.
5. Her father, Bert Carson, tells the BBC that Alyssa plans to be on the first long journey to Mars which is expected to
take place in __________ year of 2033.
6. Our trip began in Disneyland. ______ park has many cartoon characters, such as Snow White, Mickey Mouse and
Donald Duck made by Walt Disney, a successful man.
4


【答案】
1. a 2. a 3. an 4. The 5. the
（二）

1.

The book describes _________ brave boy called Harry Potter.

2.

After hearing his story, the teacher advised him to use the best paper rather than __________ old newspapers.

3.

There was always ________smile on his face while Peter looked serious all the time.

4.

What will happen if _______ family without the Internet for a month? One American family decides to find out.

5.

In high school, I took ________ job in a town that is not far from my village during the summer to save money for
college. I learned how to manage money at ________ early age.

6.

When something is funny, we usually smile with ________ open mouth.

7.

Also, because people use their real name to register (
登记
) as______ user, it’s _______ good way to connect to
one’s personal credit.

8.

However,
you
can
only
get
e
-
books
online.
Unlike
paper
books,
you
have
to
read
e
-
books
on
_______
e
-
book
reader, a computer, or a smartphone.

9.

Can this app be in use for long? Technology might make_________ great difference to our life.

【答案】

1.

a 2. the 3. a 4. a 5. a; an 7. a; a 9.a
【知识梳理
2
】连词

连词是一种虚词， 他不能独立担任句子的成分，而只起连接词与词，短语和短语或者句与句的作用。

1.
并列连词

1)

表并列：
and, both...and...,
2)
表选择：
or, neither...nor.., either...or...
3)
表转折：
but, while
，

4)
表因果：
so, for
注：
however
属于副词，但也表转折

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2.
状语句中的连词

（
1
）时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。

连接词：
when
(
当
……
时候
),
while
(
当
……
时候
),
as
(
当
……
时候
),
after
(
在
……
以后
),
before
(
在
……
以前
),
as soon as (
一
……
就
), since (
自从
……
到现在
), not... till /until (
直到
……
才
), by the time (
到
……< br>为止
)
：依旧是连
接词后大多数加陈述语序。

（
2
）原因状语从句：在一个句子中作原因状语的句子。

连接词：
由连词
because, since, as
引导。

举例：
I didn’t go to school yesterda
y because I was ill.
（
3
）条件状语从句：在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。

连接词：
if
如果，
unless (=if not)
除非。

举例：
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.

（
4
）目的、结果状语从句

目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。

结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子。

目的状语从句连接词：
so that , in order that, in case
引导。

结果状语从句连接词：
so…that, such…that, so much/many…that
引导。

（
5
）让步状语从句

让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步状语的句子。

连接词：
though, although, whether…or not

举例：
Although he is rich, he is not happy.
【例题精讲】

1. ___________you want to learn an instrument, you must take lessons and practice.
2. My brother
likes sleeping with the window open ________ it’ s really cold.

6


3. She was so elegant(
优雅的
)__________ she was playing the piano. I want to be as elegant as her.
4.
“At
the
very
beginning,
I
played
it
terribly!”
says
Stella.
“My
family
asked
me
to
practice
i
n
the
backyard
_________ they didn’t like the noise.

5.
Plenty
of
people
dream
of
going
to
Mars(
火星
).___________
different
from
those
people,
13-year-old
Alyssa
Carson is working happily for that dream since the age of 4
6. She was so busy with her housework ____ she had no time to make a dress for the party.
7._______ I’m blind
（盲的）
, I also want to feel the happiness from the sunlight.
8. She has no time for herself ______ she not only has to do the housework, but also has to look after the farm
9. He didn’t
learn to walk ______he was four years old.
10. _______ we talk to someone about our problems and worries, we’ll certainly feel worse

11. Both Jane ______ Jim are interested in pop music.
12. One day, Peter saw Albert playing basketball. __________ he lost again and again, the happy smile never left his
face. Peter found Albert was great at table tennis but bad at basketball
。

13. Hurry up, ______ we will be late for the film.
【答案】

1. If 2. unless 3. When 4. because gh e 11. and gh
13. or
【知识梳理
3
】介词

【
at
】

（
1
）表时间：
at +
时间点
/
时刻。如：
at nine am
（
2
）表示方位：在某地（比较小或具体或狭窄的地方）
at home / school / the party
（
3
）表示计量单位：
“
以
...
速度，以
...
价格
”


如
at a high/low price at a high speed at a speed of
（
4
）常见搭配：

7


be good at
擅长
be surprised at
对
...
感到惊讶
at first
首先
at home
在家里

at least
至少
at most
至多
at the same time
同时
at night/noon
在夜里中

at the beginning of
在
..
开头
at last
最后

shout at sb.
对某人叫喊
at peace
处于和平中

【
in
】

（
1
）表时间：
in +
季节、月份、年、世纪及泛指的早晨、下午、晚上等连用。

如
in summer in March in 1998 in the morning
in his fifties
在五十多岁时
in the 21
st
century
in+
一段时间，表示多久之后。

如
in two days
两天后
in a week
一周后

（
2
）表示方位：在
...
范围内，在较 大的地方或有限空间内

in china in Beijing in the box lies in the east of China in the classroom < br>（
3
）表示用某种语言
,
方式或书写
/
绘画所用的材 料
.
speak in English write in pencil
（用铅笔写）
in ink
墨水

（
4
）固定搭配：
in fact
，
in trouble
，
be interested in
，
in time
及时


【
for
】

（
1
）表示多长时间，指时间上的延续。

如：
He stayed there for a week.
他在那儿呆了一周。

（2
）表示
“
用
……
交换，以
……
为代价
”
。

He sold his car for 500 dollars.
他以五百元把车卖了。

（
3
）表示原因，与
sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame
连用。

I am sorry for what I said to you.
我后悔不该对你讲那些话。

（
4
）表示对象：
It is +adj.+for sb. to do sth.
对某人来说做某事是如何的等


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