高一定语从句相关知识归纳整理、专题训练

2021年1月25日发(作者：地下通道)
定语从句专题

一．定语从句的意义

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的 句子叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
引导定语从
句的词叫关系词。关系词 在从句中充当一定的句子成分。

二、关系词的用法

关系词分为关系代词：
who, whom, whose, that, which
关系副词：
when, where, why
who
whom
whose
that
which


When
Where
why
指代


时间



地点



原因


所作成分


状语



状语



状语


是否可省略


否



否



否


人

人

人，物

人，物

物

主语，宾语

宾语

定语

主语，宾语

主语，宾语

作宾语可省

可省

不可省

作宾语可省

作宾语可省

关系代词和副词的选定取决于两个要点：

1.
先行词是人还是物

2.
关系代词或副词在定语从句中所充当的成分

（关系代词或副词在句中一定要充当成分）


1.
关系代词的用法：

1)
由
who
引导的定语从句

关系代词
who
只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：

A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.
The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.

This is the man who helped me.
2)
由
whom
引导的定语从句

关系代词
whom
只能指人，是
who
的宾格，在从句中作宾语，在口语中常常省略。如：< br>
The man whom you met on the street is my father.



1
The woman (whom) you talked with yesterday will come here the day after tomorrow.
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.
3)
由
whose
引导的定语从句

关系代词
whose
在从句中作定语，既可指人，又可指物。如：

This is the boy whose parents died last year.

They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.
Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?
4)
由
that
引导的定语从句

< br>关系代词
that
在从句中既可以作主语，又可作宾语；既可指人，又可指物。如：
She is the woman that often comes here.


The book that is on the desk was written by my grandfather.
I like the book that my uncle gave me very much
She is no longer the girl that she used to be.
He is no longer the man that he was
5)
由
which
引导的定语从句

关系代词
which
一般指物，在从句中可作主语，也可以作宾语。如：

That is the pencil which I lost yesterday.

The book which she put on the table is about biology.
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
His father works in a factory which makes TV sets.
2.
使用关系代词引导定语从句时应注意的几点

1)
当先行词指人 时，许多情况下既可以用
that
也可以用
who
，但在下列情况下，宜用< br>who
而不用
that
。

①先行词是
one
，
ones
，
anyone
时，宜用
who
。如：


②先行词为
he, she, they, people, those
时，宜用
who
。如：

Those who want to see the film sign up here.

He who doesn’t go to the Great Wall isn’t a true man.

③一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用
that
，另一个用
who
。

The
boy
that
you
met
at
the
school
gate
yesterday
morning
is
our
monitor
who
studies
very

2
hard.
2)
当先行词指物时，许多情况下，既可以用关系代词which
，也可用关系代词
that
，但在
下列情况中，只能用关系代 词
that
，而不用
which
。

①当先行词是不定代词
all
，
none
，
any, ev ery
，
no
，
some
，
few
，
li ttle
，
much
，
both
，
anything
，
everything
，
nothing
等或被这些词修饰时，关系代词 用
that,
不用
which
。如：



This is

Have you any books that are worth reading?

②当先行词既指人又指物时。如：



③当先行词被
the last
，
the very
和
the only
修饰时。如：


The only book I want to read is missing.
④当先行词前有序数词或最高级时。如：



My brother studies
in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isn’t far from here.

⑤在强调句子中，并且以
who
，
which
，
what
开头时。如：

Who was it that was lost?
究竟是谁迷路了？



⑥在双重限定性定语从句中， 如果一个从句用
who
或者
which
引导时，那么另一个从句
用< br>that
引导。如：

He is the student
⑦当主句是以
who
或
which
开头的疑问句时。如：

Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess?

Which is the picture that impressed you most?
⑧在
there be
的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。如：

There are two novels that I want to read.
。


3

There

⑨当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。如：


Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.
⑩以
Here is (are)
开头的句子时。如：

Here is a film that will move anyone.
Here are two books that I will buy.
3)that
，
which
，
whom
在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。如：


I don’t like the novel (that) you are reading.

4)whom, which
作介词宾语时，介词可提至关系代词前，构成
“
介词
+which/whom
从句
”
结
构，

Do you know the boy to whom your mother is talking?
Do you know the boy whom your mother is talking to?
He gave me some novels with which I am not very familiar.
He gave me some novels which I am not very familiar with.
注意以下几点：

①介词提前，关系代词不可省略

This is the question above which we have had so much discussion.

②

介词提前时只能使用
“
介 词
+which(
物
)”
以及
“
介词
+whom(
人
)”
的结构，
不能用
that, who.
The woman to whom I spoke is a teacher.
=The woman (who/whom/that) I spoke to is a teacher.
Is this the house in which he was born?
=Is this the house (which/that) he was born in?
③当关系代词作
look after, look for, see to, take care of
等不能拆开的短语动词的宾语时，
介词不可以提前。

This is the book which/that I’m looking for.

类似短语还有
listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, look forward to, hear of, get along
with, catch up with, make use of, take part in.



4
★介词
+
关系代词选择技巧

①看从句中的名词，形容词，动词，介词的固定搭配。例如：

The boy to whom I gave a photo is his brother. (give sth to sb)
The two things about which he was not sure were English reading and writing. (be sure about
sth)
②介词
+
名词构成的介词通常在句中作状语，当被定语从句所修饰 的名词位于这样的介词
短语中时，关系代词
which/whom
前的介词应根据其搭 配来定。
-
例如：

I still remember the morning on which he first came to school. (on the morning)
He told us a good way in which we are able to finish the work. (in the way)
Many people left the city in which they had lived for many years. (in the city)
③看先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义

In the park there are many flowers, the color of which is bright and nice.

★
“
介词
+
关系代词
”
拓展

①复杂介词
+
关系代词

用于该结构中的关系代词有
which , whom, whose.
常用复杂介词有
because of, in front of, at
the back of.
He had a bad cold, because of which he didn’t attend the meeting.

He lived in a big house
，
The monkey crossed the river
，
②简单介词
+
关系代词
+
名词

用于该结构中的关系代词有
which, whose
，
此时介词的正确选择 取决于关系代词后的名词
及整个句子的含义
.
Mr. Liu, with whose help I finished the task on time, is one of the teachers I love and respect.
We’ll move into our flat next Saturday, by which time it will be completely painted.

③表部分的词
+of+
关系代词

All, both, neither, none, either, some, any, many, most, few, half, a number of,
数词
+
最高级

Mr. Smith has three sons, all of whom are football fans.
Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diets.
4)
当关系代词前缺少先行词时，需要用
the one
来充当先行词，再加上合适的关系词。例
如：


5


Is this book (the one that) you lent him yesterday?
This book is the one (that) you lent him yesterday.
Is this the book (that/which) you lent him yesterday?
This is the book (that/which) you lent him yesterday?
3.
关系副词的用法

1)when
指时间，在从句中作时间状语 ，它的先行词通常有
time
，
day
，
morning
，
night
，
week
，
year
等。如：


Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?
I will never forget the day when I met Mr. Liu.
2)where
指地点，
在从句中作地点状语。
它的先行 词通常有
place
，
spot
，
street
，
house
，
room
，
city
，
town
，< br>country
等。如：



This is the place where we lived for five years.
3)why
指原因或理由，它的先行词只有
reason
。如：


I know the reason why he came here.
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

4.
使用关系副词应注意下列几点：

1)
这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词
+which
结构：

when = on (in
，
at
，
where = in (at
，
why = for which.
如：



This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.
2)
当先行词是表时间的
time
，
day
等和表地点的
place
，
house
等时，一定要注意分析从句
的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用
which
或
that,
缺 少时间状语或地点状语
时，才能用
when
或
where
，试比较：


6