句子成分。

2021年1月25日发(作者：关健)
1
主语


句子一般要有主语。在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代 词、动名词或动词不定式
(
短语
)
来
充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用

it
作形式主语。

■
名词作主语

The students all love their English teacher.
■
代词作主语

They go to school by bus.

A
lot of students come from the countryside.

■
动词不定式
(
短语
)
作主语

It
’
s
getting
cold.
天冷起来了。



2
谓语


谓语必须由动词充当，
但动词不定式、
动名词、
分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的
动词一般为行为动词
(
表动作
)
和连系动词
(
表状态
)
，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，
又可分为及物动词和不及 物动词。

I saw a girl.
Mother buy me a basketball
All of the students like the book.
He left here yesterday.

He is an good basketball player.

Her son is a friend of ours.

3.
表语


表语与连系动词连用，构成 系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名
词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：
These desks are yellow.

They are brother and sister.

Her father is sixty- five.

He looks very angry.
My favourite sport is swimming.
His job is looking after her grandmother.

4.
宾语


宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和介词 宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、
动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如：

I saw a cat in the tree.

I like Chinese food.


1
I bought a ticket for paris
。

I like talking with you.

He did not want to join them.

She loves playing basketball

5.
定语


定语为句子的次要成分，
起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，
可分为前置定语和后置定语。
一般
由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词
(短语
)
或句子
充当。

That is a beautiful flower.

His father is a doctor.

Mr. Green has two sons.

The girl under the tree is Kate.

I bought a new book
Can you find out the answer to the question
？

It
’
s an interesting story
。

6.
状语


英语中的状语用来 修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充
当，或由连词引导状语从句，表 示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式，比较、让步、条件、原
因、结果、伴随等。

He is playing under the tree.

(1)
时间状语

I often get up at 5:30 in the morning.


(2)
地点状语

Pandas only live in China.
Her uncle lives in Canada

(3
目的状语

We
’ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday.

He takes some money to buy a newspaper

(4
方式状语

We usually go to school by bus
Please do it as I tell you

(5
条件状语

If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others.
假如你不努力学习，你将落后于别人。


(6
比较状语

Y
our watch is not the same as mine.
你的手表与我的不一样。


(7
原因状语

We don
’
tgo to park because of the rain
7.·
宾语补足语

宾语补足语 主要用来补充说明宾语，
与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，
可由名

2