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简述各种从句中的引导词
一.名词性从句是指在句中充当名词能充当的成分(如主语,宾语,表语,同
位语)的从句,包 括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连词(
5
个):
that
(宾语从句或表语从句中
有时可以省略)
whether, if
(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)
as if ,as though
(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)
以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接
代词
(
9
个):
what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose,
which, whichever
连接副词
(
7
个):
when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
A
.宾语从句中的引导词
1.
从属连词,包括
that
、
if
、
whether
、
as if
和
as thoug h,
都不在从句
中从当任何成分。
that
引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,通常 可省略。
if
和
whether
,
whether...or not
引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。
如:
He told me (that
)
he would go to college the next year.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
2.
关联代词
who,whom,whos e,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whicheve r
等。
如:
Do you know who has won Red Alert game
?
The book will show you what the best CEO should know.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia
call phone
?
3.
连接副词
主要 有
when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however< br>等
.
如:He didn’t tell me whe
n we should meet again.
Could you please tell me how you use the new panel
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
B
.主语从句中的引导词
1
)
从属连词
that
,
whether,if
等;
其中
that
一般见于形式主语后面的从句中,通常可省略。
如:
It's a great pity
(
that
)
they didn't get married.
2
)
连接代词
what
,
who
,which
,
whatever
,
whoever
,
w hom
等;
其中
which
需要特别注意,所有的名词性从句中 ,只有主语从句在表示选择
的时候,用到它。
如:
which he will choose remains unknown.
3)
连接副词
ho w
,
when
,
where
,
why
等。
C
.表语从句的引导词大致和主语从句一样
D
.同位语从句通常由
that
引导。
如:
The news that our team won the match is exciting.
二.
定语从句是在句中充当定语的从句,其引导词包括两类:关系代词和关
系副词。
关系代词:
that which who whom whose
以及
as.
其中
that which who
在
从句中
充当主语或者宾语,
whom
只能充当宾 语,
whose
只能充当定语
,as
仅用
于非限定性定语从句中。< br>
如:
A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan
关系副词:在句中作状语。关系副词
=
介词
+
关系代词
Why =for which
Where =in/ at/ on which
(介词同先行词搭配)
When
=during/ on/ in/……
三.状语从句是在句中充当状语的从句。
1.
时间状语从句:
when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
2.
地点状语从句:常用
引导词
:
where
,特殊引导词:
where ver, anywhere,
everywhere
如:
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible
。
3.
原因状语从句
常用引导词:
because, since, as, for
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