关键词不能为空

当前您在: 主页 > 英语 >

(完整版)同位语从句讲解及练习

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-25 23:57
tags:

-

2021年1月25日发(作者:care)
同位语从句

◆◆◆
辨认同位语从句

在复合句中充当同位 语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。
一个名词(或其它形式)对另
一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定 或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被
它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。

1.
名词作同位语



Mr. Wang, my child

s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.
王先生,我孩子
的老师,星期二要来看我们。

2.
短语作同位语



I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.
我,作为家里最大的女孩,老得照料家中的其他孩子。

3.
直接引语作同位语



But now
the question comes to their minds,

Did she die young because she
was
a clone?
”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题:
“多利早死是因为它是一只 克隆羊吗?”

4.
句子作同位语



The
girls
were
surprised
at
the
fact
that
ocean
ships
can
sail
up
the
Great
lakes.
巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。

◆◆◆
同位语从句用法

一、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。

I heard the news that our team had won
.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。

①可以跟同位语从句的抽象名词通常有news

idea

fact

promise
question

doubt

thought

hope

message

suggestion
words
(消息)

possibility
等。
(承诺信息 主意
是事实;疑问想法与问题;希望消息建议是潜力。


I

ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won

t be able to see you this
afternoon


我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。

②在某些名词表“建议,命令,要求等”
(

demand, wish, suggestion, resolution

)
后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气

(即
should+
动词原形;
should
可省)

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.
有一项建议是
布朗应该离队。
< br>③同位语从句前名词的数:同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词
(word
除外
)
加以修饰。

Where did you get the idea that I could not come
?你在哪儿听说我不能来?

二、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词
that

whether,
连接代词
what

who

连接副词
how, when, where
等。
(注:
if, which
不能引导同位语从句。


1.
连词
that
引导同位语从句(注:引导同位语从句的
that
不能省略)

The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
你认为不
动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法 是完全错误的。
(作
idea
的同位语)

【注意】引导同位语从 句的连词
that
通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。

He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.
他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。

2.
连词
whether
引导同位语从句(注:
if
不能引导同位语从句)

The
question
whether
we
should
call
in
a
specialist
was
answered
by
the
family
doctor.
我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意
这样一个问题。

3.
其它引导词引导的同位语从句

A
、连接代词
what, who, whom, whose
引导同位语从句

1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.
我不知道她穿几号的鞋。

what
作定语)

2).The question who will take his place is still not clear.

who
作主语)

B
、连接副词
when, where, how, why
引导同位语从句

We
haven

t
yet
settled
the
question
where
we
are
going
to
spend
our
summer
vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。

l have no idea When he will be back
.我不知道他什么时候回来。

My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.
三、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。在语法
上叫做分隔式同位 语从句。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city


他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。

Several years later

word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them


几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。

◆◆◆定语从句与同位语从句的区别

1.
意义的不同



同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;
而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来:

We are glad at the news that he will come.
听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。
(news
的内容就是
that he will come
,故
that
引导的是同位语从句
)
We
are
glad
at
the
news
that
he
told
us.
听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。
(that
从句是限制
the news
的内容的,
即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个
news
而不是其 他的
news


that
从句为定语从句
)
2.
被修饰词语的区别

A

定语从句的先行词是名词或代 词;
而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词,
而且仅限于
idea

pl an

fact

theory

promise

hope

news

doubt

truth

information

suggestion

qu estion

thought

belief

con clusion
等少数名词。



例如:




The boy who is playing football is my classmate





Those who work hard will succeed





The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody





The fact that you are talking about is important




在①句中,
划线部分是定语从句,
其先行词是名词
boy

它不能用作同位语从句的先行
词。



在②句中,划线部分也是定语从句,其先行词是代词
those
,代词不能用作同位语从句< br>的先行词。



在③句中,划线部分是同位语从句,其先行词是名 词
fact
,它同样可以用作定语从句
的先行词,④句便是一例。



由以上分析可见,
同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词,
但定语从句的
先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。


< br>B

when

where

why
引导的 定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名
词,而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不 是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。



例如:




I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing





I have no idea when she will be back




在①句中,划线部分是
when
引导的定语从句,其先行词
day
是表示时间的名词;


< br>在②句中,
划线部分是
when
引导的同位语从句,
其先行词
idea
则不是表示时间的名词。

3.
引导词的不同



定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个:
that

when

where

why
。下面把四个
引导词分成两类说明它 们在两种从句中的不同用法。



A
.引导词
that


引导定语从句的
that
叫做关系代词,它除了起连接作用,还 在定语从句中充当一定成
分,并且在意义上代表先行词;引导同位语从句的
that
叫 做从属连词,它只起连接作用。
不能省略。



例如:




The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting





We heard the news that our team had won




在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,
tha t
在从句中作宾语,在意义上指代先行词
news




在②句中,划线部分是同位语从句,
that
没有任何意义,只起连接作用。

that
引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,
要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例
that he told us
中的
that
就充当
told
的宾语。



B
.引导词
when

where

why


引导定语从句时,它们叫做关系副词,在从句中充当状语,可以转换成
< br>介词+关系代


的形式;引导同位语从句时,它们叫做连接副词,在从句中充当 状语,但不能转换成

介词+关系代词

的形式。



例如:




I will never forget the day when I joined the army





We have no idea when she was born




在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,
wh en
在从句中作状语,它可以转换成
on
which
的形
式;



在②句中,划线部分是同位语从句,
when
在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成
介词+
关系代词

的形式。




This is the house where I lived two years ago





He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held




在③句中,划线部分是定语从句,
wh ere
在从句中作状语,它可以转换成
in which

形式;



在④句中,划线部分是同位语从句,
where
在从句中充当 状语,但不能转换成

介词+
关系代词

的形式。




This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting





The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent




在⑤句中,划线部分是定语从句,
why
在从句中作状语,它可以转换成
for
which
的形
式;在⑥句

中,划线部分是同位语从句,
why
在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成

介词+关
系代词

的 形式。

◆◆◆同位语从句
-
相关语法

1
、同位语从句在句中的位置





1.
一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词
(

news

idea

fact

promise

hope

message

)
的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。



I

ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won

t be able to see you this
afternoon.
我从王先生那边得知一个消息,他说他今天下午不能来看你了。



2.
有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开 ,在语法上叫
做分隔式同位语从句。



The
thought
came
to
her
that
maybe
she
had
left
the
door
open
when
she
left
home.
她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。

2
、同位语从句前名词的数





同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词
(word
除外
)
加以修饰。



Where did you get the idea that I could not come
?你在哪儿听说我不能来?

3
、同位语从句的语气


suggestion

advice

request

order
等意为“建议;命令 ;要求”的名词后,同
位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“
should
+
动词 原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的
should
可以
省略。


Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.
老师给我们提
出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。

4
、同位语从句的先行词





同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词,常见的有:
idea, situation thought, fact,
evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability
等等。



How
did
the
cheats
explain
the
fact
that
the
Emperor
didn't
feel
the
new
clothes
in him?
皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣,对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的
?

代词
it
可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个
it
常放在某些动词或短语动 词后作宾语,
同时兼作其后
that
同位语从句的先行词。



I owe it to you that I am still alive.
幸亏你,我现在还活着。



有的语法学家把先行词
i t
后的
that
从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为,
这种
it
后的
that
从句应看作
it
的同位语,因为它相当于“主语
+be+
表语”结构。



You must see to it that the children don't catch cold. (=You must see to it,
and It is that the children don't catch cold.)
你要当心,别让孩子们着凉了。

5
、短语及固定句式后的同位语从句



I will come on condition that John is invited.
如果约翰也被邀请的话,我就来。



简析:短语
On
condition,
on
supposition,
on
the
ground(s),
on
the
understanding,
with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption
及句式
There BE+no
doubt(hope, chance, possibility,

)
后的
that
从句 为同位语从句。

练习题

1. His success was because of ________ he had been working hard.
A. that

B. the fact which

C. the fact that

D. the fact
2.
A. from what city does she come from

B. from what city she come
C. what city does she come from

D. what city she comes from
3.________ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever
4. The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was ________ a new job.
A. because I got




B. because of getting

C. I got




D. that I got
5. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for

6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why ________.
A. did he do that B. he did that
C. he did D. he has done so

7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know ________.
A. how he is getting along

B. how is he getting along
C. what he is getting along

D. what is he getting along
8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
9. He asked me ________ with me.
A. what is the trouble B. what wrong was
C. what was the matter D. what trouble it is
10. I am sure ________ he said is true.
A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what
11. When and why he came here ________ yet.
A. is not known B. are not known

C. has not known D. have not bee
12.I wonder how much ________.
A. does the watch cost B. did the watch cost
C. the watch costed D. the watch costs
13. Mary is ________ someone might recognize her.
A. afraid of


B. afraid about


C. afraid that


D. afraid for
14.________ is no reason for dismissing her.
A. Because she was a few minutes late

B. Owing to a few minutes late
C. The fact that she was a few minutes late

D. Being a few minutes late

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



本文更新与2021-01-25 23:57,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/567883.html

(完整版)同位语从句讲解及练习的相关文章