-
Pronunciation of Numerals
数词的读法
als and Ordinals
基数和序数
(1)100
以内的数词
基数
序数
Roman Arabic
Numerals Numerals
罗马数字
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
XIX
XX
XXI
XXV
XXX
XL
L
LX
LXX
LXXX
XC
阿拉伯数字
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
读法
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
twenty
twenty-one
twenty-five
thirty
forty
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
ninety
数码
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
21st
25th
30th
40th
50th
60th
70th
80th
90th
读法
the first
the second
the third
the fourth
the fifth
the sixth
the seventh
the eighth
the ninth
the tenth
the eleventh
the twelfth
the thirteenth
the fourteenth
the fifteenth
the sixteenth
the seventeenth
the eighteenth
the nineteenth
the twentieth
the twenty-first
the twenty-fifth
the thirtieth
the fortieth
the fiftieth
the sixtieth
the seventieth
the eightieth
the ninetieth
IC
C
CII
CD
D
DCCCLXXXVIII
M
MCD
MDCCCXCIX
MCM
MCMXCII
V
X
L
C
D
M
99
100
102
400
500
888
1,000
1,400
1,899
1,900
1,992
5,000
10,000
50,000
100,000
500,000
1,000,000
ninety-nine
one hundred
99th
100th
the ninety-ninth
the hundredth
the (one) hundred and second
a hundred and two
102nd
MMMDCCCLXXXVIII
3,888
[
附注
]
拼写规则
罗马数字共有
7
个, 即
I(1)
,
V(5)
,
X(10)
,
L(50)
,
C(100)
,
D(500)
,
M(1000)
。按照下述的
规则可以表示任意正整数。
重复数次:
1
个罗马数字重复几次,就表示这个数的几倍。
右加左减:
在一个较大的罗马数字的右边记上一个较小的罗马数字,表示大数字加小数字。
在一个较大的罗马数字的左边记上一个较小的罗马数字,表示大数字减小数字。
< br>但是,左减不能跨越一个位数。比如,
99
不可以用
IC
表示,而是用
XCIX
表示。
(等同于
阿拉伯数字每位数字分别表示)
例如:
999 = 900+90+9 = CM+XC+IX = CMXCIX
此外,左减数字不能超过
1
位,比如
8
写成
VIII
,而非
IIX
。
同理,右加数字不能超过
3
位,比如
14
写成
XIV
,而非
XIIII
。
加线乘千:
在
1
个罗马数字的上方加上
1
条横线 或者在右下方写
M
,
表示将这个数乘以
1000
,
即是原数 的
1000
倍。
同理,如果上方有
2
条横线, 即是原数的
1000000
倍。
例外:由于
IV
是古罗马神话主神朱庇特(
IVPITER
,古罗马字母没有
J
和
U
)的首字,因
此有时用
IIII
代替
IV
。
(2)1000
以上的数词
1,000 = one thousand
一千
10,000 = ten thousand
一万
100,000 = one hundred thousand
十万
1,000,000 = one million
一百万
10,000,000 = ten million
一千万
100,000,000=one hundred million
一亿
(3)
十亿以上的大数,英美有不同的读法:
英国
美国
十亿
one thousand million = one billion
百亿
ten thousand million = ten billion
千亿
one hundred thousand million = one hundred billion
万亿
one billion = one trillion
ons
分数
通常将分子读为基数,将分母读为序数。
1/2 = a (or one) half
1/3 = a (or one) third
1/4 = a quarter or one fouth
1/5 = a (or one) fifth
2/3 = two thirds
9/10 = nine tenths
53/4 = five and three quarters
15/64= fifteen over (or by) sixty-four
15% = fifteen per cent
4‰ = four per mill
ls
小数
0.4 = zero (or nought) point four
.01 = point (or decimal) nought one
12.34 = twelve point three four
567.809 = five hundred and sixty- seven point eight nought nine
30.45 = thirty point four five, five recurring
0.3% = decimal three percent
atic Forms
数学式
(1) Addition
加法
1+2=3 One and two are three.
2+3=5 Two plus three equals five.
4+0=4 Four and nought is equal to four.
45+70+152=267 45,70 and 152 added are (or make) 267
the sum (or total) is 267.
演算时的读法:
Three and seven are ten; I write(or I write down,or I put down)a nought
and carry one. Four and one that I carry are five, and eight make thirteen,and three
sixteen; I write down six and carry one. One and one (that I carry) are two; I put down
two.- The sum (or total, or the result of the addition) is two hundred and sixty. 37,80
and 143 added together, and(or make) 260.
(2)Subtraction
减法
9-4=5 Nine minus four equals (or is equal to) five.
15-7=8 Seven from fifteen leaves eight.
23,654-8,175=15,479 8,175 (take or subtracted) from 23,654 leaves 15,479. The difference
(or The remainder) is 15,479.
Nine from five won`t go.
演算时的读法:
Nought from nought (leaves) nought. One from one leaves nought (or nothing).
Two from three (leaves) one. I can`t take (or subtract) five from four; I must borrow ten;
five from fourteen leaves nine.- The difference (or The remainder) is nine thousand one
hundred. 5210 (take or substracted) from 14,310 leaves 9,100.
(3)Multiplication
乘法
1×
0=0 One multiplied by nought equals nought.
1×
1=1 Once one is one.
2×
1=2 Twice one is two.
3×
5=15 Three times five is fifteen
6×
0=0 Multiply six by nothing, and the result is nothing.
演算时的读法
: Five times nine (or Nine multiplied by five) are forty-five; I put down five
and carry four. Five times seven are thirty-five and four (that I carry) are thirty-nine; I write
down nine and carry three. Five times six make thirty and three (that I carry) thirty-three; I put
down thirty-three.
Eight times nine (or Eight nine) are seven two; I write two and carry seven. Eight sevens make
fifty-six and seven are sixty-three. I put down three and carry six. Eight sixes make forty-eight
and six fifty-four; I write down fifty-four.
I now add the partial results (or products) Five. Two and nine are eleven. Three and three are
six and one are seven. Four and three make seven. Five.
(4)Division
除法
9÷
3=3 Nine divided by three maks (or is equal to) three.
20÷
5=4 Five into twenty goes four times.
4567÷
23=198
余
13 23 into 4567 goes 198 times, and 13 remainder.
The quctient is 198, and 13 remainder.
演算时的读法
: Fifteen into thirteen won`t go fifteen into one hundred and thirty-eight goes nine
times; nine times fifteen are one hundred and threty-five; one hundred and thirty- five from one
hundred
and thirty- eight leaves three; I bring down seven; fifteen into thirty-seven goes twice; twice fifteen
are thirty; thirty from thirty-seven leaves seven.
The
(exact)
quotient
is
ninety-two,
and
seven
remainder;
15
into
1387
goes
92
times,
and
7
remainder.
时间
(1)Hours
钟点
2h.5'8
小时
5
分
8
秒
6.18 = six eighteen 6
时
18
分
8.30 a.m.= eight thirty a.m.['ei 'em]
上午
8
时
30
分
the 6.05 = the six (nought) five p.m.['pi:'em] train
下午
6
时零
5
分列车
又二十四小时混合制的写法和读法如下:
0900 = 0 nine hunderd (
上午
)9
时
0910 = 0 nine ten (
上午
)9
时
10
分
1300 = thirteen hundred 13
时
(
下午
1
时
)
1525 = fifteen twenty-five 15
时
25
分
(
下午< br>3
时
25
分
)
2000 = twenty hundred 20
时
(
下午
8
时
)
at 5 o'c =at five o'clock
五点钟
(2)Date
日期
Oct.1 =October first 10
月
1
日
Oct.1st = October the first 10
月
1
日
Ist Oct. 1949 = teh first of October, nineteen forty-nine 1949
年
10
月
1
日
3/5 = [
英
]May (the) third 5
月
3
日;
[
美
]March fifth 3
月
5
日
[
附注
]
联系日期前置词用
on.
(3)Year
年份
684 B.C. =Six eighty-four B.C. ['bi:'si:]
公元前
684
年
1960 = nineteen sixty; nineteen hundred and sixty
19- nineteen something
1950's nineteen fifties
二十世纪五十年代
[
附注
]
联系年份的前置词用
in.
s
号码
(1)Telephones Numbers
电话号码
1023 = one O two three; ten twenty-three
1227 = one double two (or two two) seven
0386 = O three eight six
0096 = double O(or O O )nine six
7000 = seven O double O = seven thousand
No.26= Number 26
第
26
号
Room 201 = Room two O one
第
201
房间
10 Changan Street = Ten Changan Street
长安街
10
号
(2)Writings
书籍作品
V
ol.I = Volume one (or the first volume)
卷一
= Chapter two (or the second chapter)
第
2
章
Page 3 = page Three (or the third page)
第
3
页
See pp.5-10 = See Pages five to ten
见第
5-10
页
Act V = Act five (or the fifth act)
第
5
幕
Hamlet III 1:56 = Hamlet Act Three, Secene fifty-six
《哈姆雷特》
第
3
幕第一场第
56
行
Matt.7:12 = Matthew, Chapter Seven, Verse Twelve
《马可福音》第七章第
12
节
Beethoven Op.49 = Beethoven Opus forty-nine
贝多芬作品第
49
号
4to = quarto
四本开
8vo = octavo
八本开
(3)Other
其他
World War I = World War One
第一次世界大战
World War II = World War Two
第二次世界大战
Charles I= Charles the First
查理一世
Henry V = Henry the Fifth
亨利五世
Mr.- = Mr. Dash; Mr. So-and-so
某某先生
Mr.B - = Mr. B
-Esq.,of -= the town of Blank Esquire of Blank University
某大学某某先生
the town of = the town of Blank
某某城
The result of the game was 3-0
比赛结果是三比零。
货币
(1)British currency
英币
6d. = six pence
六便士
1/2d. = a halfpenny
半便士
11/2d. = a peney halfpenny or three halfpeny or three halfpence
一便士半
1/4d. = a farthing
一个铜元
33/4d.= three pence three farghings
三便士三铜元
1s.6d.(or 1/6) = one (shilling) and six (pence)
一先令六便士
£
1.18 = (or
£
1.18s.)= one pound eighteen (shillings)
一镑十八先令
£
1.3s.6d. = one pound, three shillings (and) sixpence
4/51/2(or4s.51/2d.) = four (shillings) and five pence halfpenny
(2)U.S. currency
?
1.20 dollar (and) twenty (cents)
美金一元二角
?
4.25 = four dollars twenty-five cents
美金四元二角五分
(3)Soviet currency
前苏联币
6 Rb. 15 = six roubles fifteen kopecks
六卢布十五戈比
(4) German currency
德币
1 m. 60 = one mark sixty pfennig -
马克六十芬尼
(5)French currency
法国币
1 fr.30 = one franc. thirty (centimes) -
法郎三十生丁
0 fr.15 = fifteen centimes
十五生丁
(6) Chinese People's Currency
人民币
?
1.50 = one yuan and a half
一元五角
JMP 10.35 = JMP ten yuan thirty-five (fen)
人民币十元三角五分
附注:
yuan
单复数没有变化:
?
也可作为日本本位币
“
圆
”
的符号。
8. Weight and Measures
度量衡
(1)length,area, and volume
长度、面积和容积
3 in = three inches
三英寸
15 ft.5 in = fifteen foot five (inches)
十五英尺五英寸
[
附注
]
尤其在
inches
省略时
, ft.
读作
foot;
如果
inches
也念出来,
ft
可以读作
fett.
18'6 5/1
10×
8feet= ten by eight feet
十英尺长,八英尺宽
5
4×
31/2 = five inches by four by three and a half
长五英寸,宽四英寸,高三英寸半
[
附注
]
以上二例中,乘号
×
表示面积或容积。
(2)Weight
重量
12 dr. 23 gr.= Twelve drams twenty-three grains
十二打兰二十三喱
10 oz. 4 dr. = Ten ounces four drams
十盎司打兰
(3)Capacity
容量
3 gi. = three gills
三及耳
1 qt. 1 pt = one quart one pint
一夸脱一品脱
[
附注
] qt.,pt.
的复数是
qts.,pts.,
也可以不加
s.
20 gal. 5 qt. =Twenty gallons five quarts
二十加仑五夸脱
5 bu. 3 pk. = Five bushels three pecks
五蒲式耳三配克
符号的英文读法
.
period
句号
≈ is approximately equal to
约等于号
,
comma
逗号
<
is less than
小于号
:
colon
冒号
>
is more than
大于号
;
semicolon
分号
≮
is not less than
不小于号
!
exclamation
惊叹号
≯
is not more than
不大于号
?
question mark
问号
≤ is less than or equal to
小于或等于号
 ̄
hyphen
连字符
≥ is more than or equal to
大于或等于号
' apostrophe
省略号
;所有格符号
%
per cent
百分之
…
- dash
破折号
‰ per mill
千分之
…
' ' single quotation marks
单引号
∞ infinity
无限大号
double quotation marks
双引号
∝
varies as
与
…
成比例
( ) parentheses
圆括号
√ (square) root
平方根
[ ] square brackets
方括号
∵
since; because
因为
《
》
French quotes
法文引号
;
书名号
∴
hence
所以
... ellipsis
省略号
∷
equals, as (proportion)
等于,成比例
¨
tandem colon
双点号
∠
angle
角
ditto
双点号
?
semicircle
半圆
‖
parallel
双线号
?
circle
圆
/
virgule
斜线号
○ circumference
圆周
&
ampersand = and
π pi
圆周率
~
swung dash
代字号
△
triangle
三角形
§
section; division
分节号
?
perpendicular to
垂直于
→ arrow
箭号;参见号
∪
union of
并,合集
+
plus
加号;正号
∩ intersection of
交,通集
-
minus
减号;负号
∫ the integral of …
的积分
±
plus or minus
正负号
( ∑ sigma) summation of
总和
×
is multiplied by
乘号
°
degree
度
÷
is divided by
除号
′ minute
分
=
is equal to
等于号
″ second
秒
≠ is not eq
ual to
不等于号
#
number …
号
≡ is equivalent to
全等于号
℃
Celsius system
摄氏度
≌
is equal to or approximately equal to
等于或约等于号
@
at
单价
R’ R prime
R” R double prime, R second prime
R1 R sub one
100°
C one hundred degrees Centigrade
+ plus; positive
- minus; negative
′ multiplied by; times
? divided by
±
plus or minus
= is equal to; equals
o is identically equal to
? is approximately equal to
( ) round brackets; parentheses
[ ] square brackets
{ } braces
a
>>
b a is much greater than b
a3 b a is greater than or equal to b
aμ b a varies directly as b
lognX logX to the base n
the cubic root of x
the nth root of x
x2 x square, x squared, the square of x
Xn X to n factors; the nth power of x; x to the power n
x -8 x to the minus eighth power
? x? the absolute value of x
the mean value of X
the sum of the terms indicated; summation of
D x or d x the increment of x
dx differential x
dy/dx the first derivative of y with respect to x
ò
integral
¥
infinity
1/2 a half; one half
2/3 two thirds
5/123 five over a hundred and twenty-three
eight and three over fourths; eight and three quarters
0.01 O point O one; zero point zero one; nought point nought one
6 % 6 percent
3‰ 3 per mille
2 : 3 the ratio of two to three
r=xd r equals x multiplied by d
5′ 2=10 five times two equals ten
x3/8=y2 x raised to the third power divided by eight equals y squared
(a+b-
c′ d)/e=f a plus b minus c multiplied by d, all divided by e equals f
y = (Wt-W)/x y equals W sub t minus W over x
幂次方通常用
power
表示
.
例 如
:10
的
7
次方
:the seventh power of ten
或
ten to the seventh power.
任何一 个数都可以表示成
X
乘以
10
的
Y
次方
,
即
X
times
the
Yth(
或根据情况改为
nd,
rd)
power of ten.
a
的平方:
a square or a squared
a
的立方:
a cube or b cubed
a
的
4
次方:
a to the fourth
a
的
-1
次方:
a to the minus one
log a: common logarithm
ln a: natural logarithm
f(a): the function of a
|a|: the absolute value of a
sin: sine
cos: cosine
tan: tangent
ctg: cotangent
sec: secant
csc: cosecant
n!: the factorial of n
公理
axiom
定理
theorem
计算
calculation
运算
operation
证明
prove
假设
hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)
命题
proposition
算术
arithmetic
加
plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)
被加数
augend, summand
加数
addend
和
sum
减
minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)
被减数
minuend
减数
subtrahend
差
remainder
乘
times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)
被乘数
multiplicand, faciend
乘数
multiplicator
积
product
除
divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)
被除数
dividend
除数
divisor
商
quotient
等于
equals, is equal to, is equivalent to
大于
is greater than
小于
is lesser than
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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