高考英语阅读理解的做题方法

2021年1月26日发(作者：arena)





高
考
英
语
阅
读
理
解
的
做
题
方
法


Corporation standardization office #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8

阅读理解的做题方法及八套阅读理解共三十二篇文章附详尽的解析

一、阅读应试的基本方法步骤


阅读基本方法有
3
种 ，一是略读，二是精读
(scrutinizing)
，三是寻读。略
读是一种

快速阅读方法，在非常短的时间内浏览全文获得文章的中心思想和主
要事实。精读则是仔细 阅读每句话，理解分析其含义，弄清句与句之间的逻辑
关系，进而理解整

个段落的意 思。而寻读则是通过目光扫视，迅速确定你所期
望得到的信息的位置。考试中
3
种基本 方法可以用在不同的情况。通过略读，
我们可以了解材料的结构安

排和主要信息，利 用精读我们可以针对考题中的某
些信息或难点做具体细致的解析，而寻读则在解题过程中起着一个定位的 作
用。


不少考生常常提出这样一

个问题：做阅 读理解题是先读文章还是先读后面
的问题呢我们认为，答案因人而异。英语水平较高，阅读速度较快的考 生可以
先通读短文，一边阅读一边思考文章

的主旨大意
,
理解文章的细节
,
基本理解
原文之后再看考题及选项并做出选择，遇上个别 无把握的题时再回头查阅短文
的相关部分，仔细推敲定夺，以求准确无误得高分。但这种方法只适合那些 有
能力获取优异成绩的考生，其优点是对文章有一个总的概念和印象，缺点是，
费时间，对文章 的细节记不清楚。对于大多数考生来说，考试的时间较为紧
迫，我们建

议使用以下几个步骤：

第一步：略读短文

把握方向


用尽量短的时间扫视短文，特别留意每段的第一句和最后一段的最后一
句。因 为各段的主题句往往在句首，而文章的最后一句很可能是概括总结。略
读的目的是掌握短文的主旨大意， 做到对全文的内容心中大致有数，有一个思
考的方向。

第二步：浏览问题，有的放矢


浏

览
5
个问题，揣测出题者出此题的目的并侧重阅读短文相关部分。由于
对所问问题及文章主旨都已有 所了解，在阅读时自然会知道哪些地方得细读哪
些地方可一带而

过甚至跳过不读。所 有问题都是根据文章内容提出的，基本反
应并覆盖了文章内容的主干。先阅读问题再阅读全文，这种方法 的优点是：可
在较短的时间内有针对性

地阅读相关内容，便于给相关问题定位，有的放矢，
事半功倍。

第三步：分析判断

确定答案


在完成上面两步的 基础上，对
5
个问题逐一解答。需要注意的是：要是文
章内容涉及你所熟悉的题材和知 识范畴，在选项时绝对不能单凭自己的主观判
断解决问题。因为文章考的是你对该篇的阅读理解能力，而 不是你的某种知
识，因此选项不能脱离文章的题意。对于英语水平相对较低，阅读速度较慢的
考 生来说，我们建议不妨直接从第二步开始：先浏览所有
5
道题的题目，对文
章所涉及的 内容有个粗略的估计或了解，然后逐

一解答。先寻读文章的相关部
分，然后选择正确 答案。如遇到有关文章主旨大意或需要推理的题，可先放一
放，等做完其他题再做这类题。先难后易，各 个击破。


另外，在阅读过程中，不妨在自己认为比较重要的某些句子或词语 （主题
句，关键词）下面划线，标上符号，这样有助于突出重点，活跃思维，同时也
便于阅读， 节省

时间，使阅读更加积极。并且对于记忆力稍差的考生而言，记

住几个重要句子和信息要比记住全文容易得多了。所以，我们建议对阅读文章
中的主要句子和关键词 标

出记号并重点阅读。

考生应具备的阅读理解能力包括：考生应能综合运 用英语语言知识和阅读技能
来理解英语书面材料，能以每分钟
60
－
70词的速度阅读各种题材和体裁；掌握
所读材料的主旨和大意；抓住用以阐述主旨的事实和相关细节； 能根据上下文
判断某些陌生词或短语的意义；能够根据所读材料进行一定的判断、推理；并
且能 够领会作者的意图和态度。根据所读材料，考生应能：

l
）理解主旨要义；

2
）理解文中的具体信息；

3
）理解文中的概念性含义；

4
）进行有关的判断、推理和引申；

5
）根据上下文推测生词的词义；

6
）理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系；

7
）理解作者的意图、观点或态度；

8
）能够对文章的结构和作者的态度等做出简单的分析和判断。

阅读理解部 分主要测试考生英语的阅读、理解、分析、判断能力。短文内容
涉及政治、经济、历史、地理、文化、科 技、人文、时事等。一般以论说文为
主，也有一些实用文体，如信函、表格数据等。

第二节阅读理解常见问题分析

阅读理解在高考中占了
40
分的大比 重，加上书面表达（山东
)
和完型填空的
35
分，正好是高考总分的一半，是 决定考试成败的一大题型，很多考生在这上面
下了很大的功夫，但是还是不能收到很好的效果。那么，问 题究竟出在哪儿呢
我们认为，主要有以下
4
个方面的问题：
1.
读不懂
; 2.
速度慢
; 3.
归纳能力
差；
4.
准确度低。

1.
读不懂怎么办

这是一个不少考生提出的普遍问题。我们认为，对于读不懂的问题，首 先要检
查原因，搞清楚不懂的是什么。是词汇量不够、不认识文中的生词，还是搞不
清文章的结 构或是缺乏相关的背景知识，读了文章之后不知所云然后根据自己
的情况对症下药，解决好阅读理解中的 问题。

1)
突破词汇量

对于第一种情况比较容易解决，一句话 ，努力扩大词汇量。高考英语大纲规
定，考生应能掌握
3,000
左右的词汇以及相关 词组。这
3,000
词汇是最低要
求，必须死记硬背。此外，对词汇的掌握多多益善。 因为据调查，阅读材料中
生词一旦超过
5%
，就会造成阅读障碍。因此，要解决看不懂 的问题，首要问题
是攻克词汇关。当然，词汇量再大也没准会在考试阅读中碰到个别超纲词，总
有看不懂的时候。在这种情况下，如果不影响对短文的理解和做题，就不必理
会，目光一掠而过。但是如 果是关键词，我们就必须通过上下文或其他手段猜
测该词在文中的具体含义。

2)
闯过语法结构关

读不懂的第二种情况是语法功夫欠佳，需要在语法结构上下功夫。关 于语法结
构问题，高考英语大纲规定，考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。大纲没有
专门列出 对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践
代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生 在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知
识。因此考生应当根据自己的情况，对英语语法知识进行系统地梳 理，灵活运


用。我们知道，高考阅读文章最明显的一个特征就是句子的结构复杂， 而且比
较长。因此，考生在考试阅读中读不懂，其关键问题是不知道如何对付长句，
找不到句子 的核心部分。所以，一定要学会解析长句，闯过难句理解这一关。
关于长句的阅读训练，可采取层层抽丝 拨茧法。其具体方法是：第一，对于有
多个从句的长句，应该先找到主句的主体部分即主、谓、宾，然后 再找从句的
主体部分。一层一层进行，先把同一层次的看完，再进行下一层次的内容。第
二，对 于有很长插入成分的长句，先不要理会插入语，等把主句的意思看完再
来分析插入语的意思和作用。第三 ，对于有分词状语或独立主格结构的长句，
应该先分辨主句和从属部分，分清主次，不要错把从属部分当 成了主句。当
然，在实际的阅读过程中，可能会碰到以上三种情况都有的复杂句子，这个时
候我 们必须从前往后，抓住独立的谓语从而区别出主句和分词状语，再层层抽
丝拨茧，找出从句，插入语到最 后再去考虑。如果插入语是从句的就放在从句
中分析，如果是主句的就放在主句中考虑。

3)
掌握相关背景知识

读不懂的第三种情况，单词全懂，语法都会，可就 是读了文章之后不知所云。
这种情况最令人头痛。这不仅仅是英语方面的问题，同时还涉及语言文化、风
俗习惯、社会常识、逻辑分析等综合因素。这种情况凡是学外语的人或多或少
都不可避免会遇到 。举一简单的例子，英语中的很多成语、谚语都是一目了然
的词语，可对中国读者来说却很费解。譬如下 面几例：

1. Everything in the room is at sixes and sevens.
房间里的一切东西都
乱七八糟。

2. It rains cats and dogs.
大雨滂沱。

3.
Don′t cross the bridge till you get to it. 不必担心过早。（不必自
寻烦恼。）

几个句子中用的都是连小学生也学过的词语句法 ，但是高三学生生也不一定都
看得懂。为什么呢这就涉及语言文化、风俗习惯等问题。英语用
s ixes and
sevens
来表示杂乱的概念，而汉语则用“乱七八糟”；英语用
cats and dogs
表示滂沱大雨，汉语没有相应的习惯说法，只能舍去猫狗的形象；第三句英语
看似不合 逻辑：直到你到了桥边，不要跨过去。这是什么话啊，但学英语觉得
硬着头皮去适应英语的语言文化、风 俗习惯、不合逻辑的逻辑！就像汉语中的
“救火”、“养病”、“吃食堂”之类，从字面上看，毫无逻辑 可言，但非要
这么说不可。由此可见，平时在阅读中广读博览、拓宽知识面，对于高考阅读
是大 有裨益的。阅读题材也仅仅限于一般性的题材，关键在于弄清楚自己不懂
的真正原因何在，有的放矢地准 备复习备考，这样才能获取满意的考试成绩。

2.
阅读速度慢怎么办
< br>不少考生没有掌握阅读的基本方法技巧，一遇到生词，便停顿下来，这样一
来，阅读速度自然就慢 ，同时也不容易在通篇理解的基础上理解整句、整段或
整篇的意思。还有的考生一看到生词或不熟悉的短 语时，就返回句首甚至段首
重读；另外，有的考生喜欢逐词逐句的将文章在大脑中翻译，通过译成母语来
帮助自己理解，这些都是阅读速度慢的原因，考生应注意快速阅读文章的要
领，文章无需句句必 读。

另一方面，词汇语法方面的薄弱会影响阅读的理解，因此大大影响阅读的速
度。 一场考试下来，很多考生感到考试中阅读时间不够用。有人甚至说，下来
慢慢做，做对这些题几乎都不成 问题。这说明什么问题呢英语作为一种工具，


熟能生巧。考试中的速度与平时的训 练密切相关。平时阅读速度慢，考试只会
更慢。相反，平日用得多，勤学苦练，考试中的速度自然而然也 就上去了。

以近两年的高考阅读为例，
2007
年
5
篇文 章连题目在内总共
1532
个英语词
汇，按国家要求的每分钟
70
个 词的较高的阅读速度，也要
22
分钟才能读完，
还不算选项做题的时间。高考英语考题 并不难，难的是速度要求高，。很多考
生都深有体会。

因此我们建议，考生在复习准 备的时候，应该以阅读为中心，掌握必要的
阅读方法技巧，通过阅读带动完型填空和书面表达和写作。阅 读复习准备包括
三个方面，一是精读，尽量仔细地阅读文章的内容，不漏掉其中的任何词句，
不 放过任何一种没搞清楚的语法现象，把握文章的主题和细节，注意文章里面
的作者的论点和说明论点的论 据。二是快读，在精读的基础上要加快阅读速
度，达到每分钟
60
－
80个词。这种阅读只抓要点、信息、针对提问准确地寻找
答案，与提问无关的内容统统掠过不管。三是 调整校正，也就是在精读与快读
之间寻求一个平衡，摸索出一套适应自己的阅读做题速度——也就是考试 中应
把握的速度。

3.
准确度低怎么办

阅读理解题中 另一令考生畏难的问题是阅读的准确度低。有的考生甚至提出这
样一个问题：在做阅读题的过程中，有时 候一些看不太懂的文章错误比较少，
全看懂了的文章反而出错较多，这是这么回事

我 们认为，要解决阅读准确度低的问题，首先要弄清楚所谓“懂”与“不懂”
之间的关系。“懂”与“不懂 ”是一相对的概念，懂的是全文的中心思想、细
节数据还是大致意思是全部词汇的字面意思还是其蕴含意 义且举一例，高考语
文的阅读部分，几乎没有看不懂的考生，但又有多少人能拿满分呢另一方面，
高考阅读题有的文章容易一点，但题目的干扰性比较大，有的文章难，题目相
对容易一点，这也是一个 重要原因。全都看懂了的而做题出的错误多，很可能
是因为题目的干扰性大，考生只从字面意义上懂一个 大概，很难辨别题目干扰
上的一些陷阱，这种情况也就是通常所说的文章易读题难做。与此相反，另一< br>类阅读题（特别是有关学术探讨研究类）读起来很费劲，所出的题却多半是宏
观性的试题，可以通 过总结归纳推理判断解决，可能你觉得有一些细节没有理
解，但是整个文章的思路清楚了，照样可以回答 问题，这种现象也常有发生。
但决不可能靠瞎蒙解决问题。要解决阅读的准确度低的问题，归根到底关键 是
要两方面的工作：首先，要把阅读的重点放在准确理解的基础上；其次，善于
动脑筋，理解思 路要与出题者的思路保持一致，也就是要思考对路，因为理解
准确的内容不一定要考，关键在于把握住题 意，对于考的是什么要做到心中有
数。

在此我们提出“三主一问”的方针供考生作为 阅读理解的解题思路。所谓“三
主”（主题、主线、主谓）即抓文章的主题思想、布局结构的主线以及各 关键
句子的主谓结构；“一问”即根据文章后面所设问题而思索：此题的考点在哪
里一篇文章要 是抓住了全文的主题思想，领会了贯穿全文的结构线路，把握了
关键句的主谓结构，针对问题找信息、答 案，阅读中准确度低的问题也就比较
容易解决了。

另外一点也很重要：做完题之后的 错误分析。每做完一套阅读题。不要只看做
对了多少，做错了多少，重要的是仔细对照答案，分析失误的 原因，然后针对


所犯错误提出相应的改进措施，进行有针对性地阅读训练。只有平 时阅读过
关，考试中才能做到胸有成竹，立于不败之地。

4.
碰到不认识的生词怎么办

考生最害怕在阅读中碰到生词，而在阅读时，遇到生僻的单 词是不可避免的。
如果一见到生词就不知所措，就必然会影响到对文章的理解。如果遇到这种情
况，可以根据情况用不同的方法来解决问题。要是不认识的生词对理解文章的
关系不大，就可以跳过去不 管它；譬如这样一例：
Some birds can swim on
the water. A few, like the
penguin
and
puffin,
can also swim under
water.
我们只需知道
penguin
和
puffin
是两种鸟就行了，不必将它们 的具体
名称弄个一清二楚。

阅读中经常会遇到一些专有名词（包括人名、地名、组织 机构名称等），一般
都可以不作计较，必要的时候，用
X
、
Y
的字母 代替它们就行了。，文章出现了
若干复杂的人名、职务名：
Colorado governor Richard Lamm, Viacom
chairman Sumner Redstone, Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O′Connor,
C. Everett Koop
，而且后面的提问与其中的一个人有关，我们分别记为
Mr. L,
Mr. R, Mr. O, Mr. K
即可，这样便省去了不必要的纠缠。

当然，如果 遇到的生词影响到了你对文章的理解，特别是作为考点出现在问题
里，就要试着根据上下文、构词法或从 句中认识的词中去猜测生词的意思，尽
可能通过邻近你所熟悉的词的关系来了解该词在句中的作用和词义 。如阅读出
现的

一词，要求你明白。虽说超纲了，但根据构词法和上下文
其含 义已经解释得十分清楚：

anthropos

logos

由此我们得知

一词源于希腊词语
anthropos
（人类）和
l ogos
（…研究）。要
是还没有把握，再多看一句就更万无一失了：
By its very name,
anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
（用这一名称，
“人类学”包括了对整个人类的研究。）

第三节阅读理解的应试技巧与策略


从考试角度考虑，阅读理解的关键要抓 两点：一是准确无误，二是答题迅速。
因此高考阅读需要解决的一个根本问题就是如何在有限的时间内高 效率地完成
阅读题。换言之，怎样才能做的又好又快——这就少不了快速阅读的方法技
巧。常见 的快读方法有计时阅读（
Timed Reading
）、略读（
Skimming< br>）、寻读
（
Scanning
）、意群阅读
(Sense Group Reading)
等。我们在此向大家一一介
绍这些方法技巧。

1.
计时阅读

计时阅读是提高阅读速度最有效的方法之一。其具体的方法是：先记下起读 时
间（
starting time
），阅读完毕记，读完时间（
finishing time
），即可计算
出本次阅读速度。以下面一道阅读样题为例：

Elephants who paint aren′t new. Paintings by Ruby, an Asian elephant
who lived at the Phoenix Zoo in Arizona, sold for up to $$5,000 in the
late 1980s, said Dick George, a consultant with the zoo.


said George.
didn′t have an elephant companion for a number of year
s. She spent a
lot of time drawing in the dirt with a stick to make her days more


stimulating. Her keeper bought her some art supplies. ” George said,
“Ruby was excited about painting right from the beginning. ”

The elephants at the art academies in the Southeast Asia are taught
to hold a paintbrush with the tip of their trunks. Initially, the
keeper guides the elephant′ s trunk over the canvas (画布
) and
offers rewards for good performance.


an art historian whose book
When Elephants Paint
is an illustrated
history of the Asian Elephant Art and Conservation Project. 188

1. Ruby was an Asian elephant_____.

A. who was sold for a price as high as $$ 5,000

B. ho was famous for being the first painting elephant

C. hose paintings sold for as high as $$5,000

D. ho started painting in the late 1980s.

2. Why did Ruby start painting according to Dick George

A. Because she was seven years old.

B. Because she was the first to come to the zoo.

C. Because she learned a lot from the goat and the chickens.

D. Because she had no elephant partners to play with.

13. How did Ruby paint at the very beginning

A. She used a stick to draw in the dirt.

B. She spent much time in the dirt.

C. She stimulated herself every day.

D. She painted with her keeper′ s art supplies.

3. To encourage the elephants to paint well, the keeper_____.

A. bought them a lot of art supplies

B. made them excited at the beginning

C. taught them to hold a paintbrush with their trunks

D. reinforced the desired behaviors with rewards

4. When Elephants Paint is a book_____.

A. on the history of arts

B. about the painting elephants in Asia

C. explaining how to teach elephants to paint

D. chiefly theorizing about elephant art

全文正文为
188
个词，
5
个问题
209
个词，总共
397
词。按每分钟
70
个词的速
度，限时在< br>5
分半钟内完成阅读，再加上
3
分钟选择答案的时间，总共
8
分钟
完成此题。

要是限时不能完成怎么办不要延长时间。无论如何，需要养成快速阅 读的习
惯。可考虑适当降低阅读材料的难度，从一些简单的阅读题开始训练，以后逐
渐加大阅读 的难度。这样坚持一段时间，速度也就随之上去了。

由于快速阅读时精力高度集中，因此阅读 时间不宜太长，一次半小时就行了。
因为时间一长容易产生疲劳，精力分散，起不到强化训练的作用。每 次练习后
应及时总结，发现问题随手记下。这样长期坚持下去，必能收到明显的效果。

2.
略读法



略读又称浏览或掠读，就是迅速地阅读 ，以求抓住文章的梗概。略读的目的是
为获得大意或者总体印象而进行阅读。略读作为一种快速阅读技巧 对我们来说
并不陌生。这就像我们看报纸时，几版、十几版的页面不可能一字不漏地往下
看，只 能用最快的速度找出主题，略掉一些无关紧要的细节或与主题不甚相干
的部分，知道其中的大概内容即可 。这种方法要求我们不要把眼睛盯在具体的
每个单词上，而是要看篇章中的主题句或者是从篇章的结构着 手，利用自己的
推理能力，对文章的信息进行分析，从而归纳总结出主题。善于略读的人会有
选 择地阅读，跳过一些无关的句子、段落甚至是整页的内容，只看自己感兴趣
的东西。训练有素的略读者的 阅读速度可以达到每分钟
1000
个词以上。略读的
关键在于一个“略”字，注意力应 该集中在大意，而不是细节上。试以下文为
例：

Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my
life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable
pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds,
have blown me here and there.

I have sought love, first because it brings ecstasy so great that I
would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of
this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness that
terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over
the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss I have
sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a
mystic miniature, the vision of the heaven that saints and poets have
imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good
for human life, this is what at last I have found.

With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to
understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars
shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which
number holds sway above the flux.

Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward
the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of
cries of pain reverberated in my heart. Children in famine, victims
tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their
sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a
mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil,
but I cannot, and I too suffer.

This has been my life, I have found it worth living, and would gladly
live it again if the chance were offered me.

使用略读法，我们的目光只去捕捉以下关键的字眼：

第一段：
Three passions,. . . , have governed my life: (l)the longing
for love, (2)the search for knowledge, (3) unbearable pity for the
suffering of mankind;

第二段：I have sought love because (l) it brings ecstasy… (2) it
relieves loneliness…; (3) I have seen…. the vision of the heaven;



第三段：
With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to
(l) understand …; (2) to know why the stars shine…. And I have
tried to apprehend ….

第四段：Love and knowledge…led upward toward the heavens. But always
pity brought me back to earth. …I long to alleviate the ev
il, but I
cannot, and I too suffer.

第五段：This has been my life, …and would gladly live it again.

这样一来，大大减轻了阅读的负担，一篇近
300
词的文章，阅读其中的< br>100
个
词就能概括全部的内容。略读归纳起来也就两句话：去粗取精，不失要点。
3.
寻读法

所谓“寻读”，就是通过目光扫视，以最快的速度从一 篇文章中披沙拣金，迅
速寻找出你所期望得到的某一具体情况、数据等。以日常生活为例。假如你要买一台价格适中、性能良好的计算机，你可浏览有关计算机广告。各种广告林
林总总，品牌不同、功 能各异、价格不等。你便可先从价格上考虑，通过寻
读，找出几个你准备买的型号，然后从性能、信誉上 进行比较，最选中你想买
的那一台。同理，寻读法也常见于阅读考试的细节题中。这种方法的特点是有< br>的放矢，为我所用。譬如根据提问查找某一人名、地名，某一件事发生的年月
或其他类似的情况。 工程硕士阅读理解的细节题寻读技巧利要是用得当，往往
会省时省事，答案迅速而准确。以下面的一篇阅 读为例，这是一篇天气预报，
总计
328
个词。

Questions 1-2 are based on the following weather forecast:

Weather Forecast

The following forecast shows for the listed cities the projected
weather conditions and the expected range of temperatures from the
afternoon high to the evening low.

Atlanta: Mostly fair. 88-70 T

Minneapolis : Mostly cloudy. 68-50 T

Boston: Partly cloudy. 78-61 T

New Orleans: Mostly fair. 92-73 T

Chicago:
Thunderstorm
likely.
82-
Philadelphia Hazy and warm. 90-68 T

67 °F

Cleveland: Mostly cloudy. 84-68 T

Phoenix: Sunny and warm. 99-66 T

Dallas;
Thunderstorms
likely.
91-
Pittsburg: Partly cloudy. 81-
64 °F

75 T

Denver : Rain likely. 63-43 T

Houston: Partly cloudy. 90-78 T

St. Louis: Thunderstorms likely. 86-70 T

San Francisco; Mostly fair. 73-60 T

Kansas
City:
Thunderstorms
likely.
Seattle: Mostly fair. 74-50 T

73-63
°F

Las Vegas:Sunny and warm. 93-56 T

Toronto Rain likely. 83-68 T

Los
Angeles:
Mostly
sunny.
88-
Washington D. C. Partly cloudy. 88-72 T

60 °F


1. According to the forecast, _____.

A. Kansas City will be warmer than Toronto


Miami; Partly cloudy. 88-79 T


B. temperatures will be the lowest in Seattle and Minneapolis

C. the weather will be fine in most of the listed cities

D. more than half of the listed cities are cloudy or rain likely

2. Among the following four cities, the difference between the
afternoon high and the evening low is smallest in _____.

A. Kansas City B. Miami C. Atlanta D. Seattle

3. Which of the following cities is closest to Miami in weather
conditions

A. Boston B. Atlanta C. Washington D. C. D. Houston

4. The difference between the afternoon high and the evening low is
greatest in _____.

A. Seattle B. Los Angeles C. Las Vegas D. Phoenix

5. The differences between the afternoon high and the evening low are
the same in _____.

A. Chicago, Dallas, Kansas City, and St. Louis

B. Atlanta, San Francisco, New Orleans, and Seattle

C. Cleveland, Dallas, St. Louis, and Washington D. C.

D. Pittsburg, Miami, Houston, and Boston

通过寻读，我们很快就可以把目光定在全文最后一段的最后一句上：
“Straitfold, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voic e”。
题干问的是
Straitfold
以什么最感到自豪，“independen t voice” 也即是
“独立的声音”。将几个选项进行对比，稍加思索我们就不难找到正确答案：
nonconformist image (
不随大众的形象
)
，所以选项
B
是正确答案。

4.
意群阅读法

所谓“意群”也即是有意义的语法结构（英语称作
sense groups
），通常 为词
组、短语。顾名思义，“意群阅读法”也就是按词组、短语在文中的组合意义
整体阅读，而 不是单个的词汇阅读。我们知道，词是语句的基本组成单位，意
群是语句的基本构成单元。单个词并无多 大意义，只有组合起来，在上下文关
系中形成特殊的意群，才能获得特殊的、确定的意义。以前面“寻读 ”中的一
句为例：
Straitfold, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent
voice
，我们要是按
9< br>个单词汇一个个地读作
Straitfold, says, Friedman,
takes, pride, in, its, independent, voice
， 不但速度慢，而且形不成一个
完整的意思。与此相反，要是我们将其分为
4
个意群来读 ：
Straitfold, /
says Friedman,/ takes pride in /its independent voice/
，阅读效率就高
多了。
< br>由此可见，意群阅读是提高阅读效率、把握文章整体的关键。因此，我们在阅
读文章的时候，目光 不应当停留在每个单词上，而应当放在中心词上，把目光
集中在意群的中心，从一个意群中心词到另一个 意群中心词，这样的意群整体
扫描是提高阅读速度的行之有效之法。

汉语常常用“一 目十行”来形容某人读书速度快。英语的阅读训练有素者同样
能达到这一境界。但对于一般的普通读者来 说，能做到“一目数词”也相当不
错了——这大大超出了大纲所规定的每分钟
60
个词 的阅读速度。我们发现，阅
读速度慢的人的阅读模式类似小学低年级学生读课本，看一个字读一个字，然
后再想这个字的意思。这样的阅读方法眼睛再快也跟不上国家对高考阅读要求

的速度。因此，要提高阅读速度，就得根除逐字阅读的坏习惯。而按意群阅
读，既能提高目光的效率 ，又有利于整体思维，连词成句。下面读者不妨自己
做这样一个比较，先按逐字阅读的习惯方法阅读以下 段落，看看要用多少时
间。

Many small cultural groups live in places far away from modern cities.
Some of these tribes have never had any communication outside of
their small geographical areas. When they do contact the outside
world, their lives usually change. Learning how to change without
losing the best of their own cultures is a problem for them. How can
primitive cultures learn to live in a technological worldHow can they
do this without becoming lost
（
75
词）

然后再 用意群阅读法阅读下面同一段落，看看共花多少时间。为了便于阅读，
我们用分隔号“／”把句中的一个 个意群隔开。

Many small cultural groups
／
live in places
／
far away from modern
cities.
／
Some of these tribes have never had
／
any communication
／
outside of their small geographical areas.
／
When they do contact
／
the outside world,
／
their lives usually change.
／
Learning how to
change
／
without losing the best
／
of their own cultures
／
is a problem
for them.
／
How can primitive cultures
／
learn to live
／
in a
technological world
／
How can they do this
／
without becoming lost
（
18
个意群）

显而易见，采用“意群阅读法”能一眼同 时看到三个词或五个词，甚至更多的
词。这样就大大节省了阅读的时间，起到事半功倍的作用。

5.
识别信号词

所谓“信号词”(Signal Words) 是指一 些在阅读中起着信号提示的词语。这些
词语预示着将要读到的内容与上下文存在什么样的关系，或具有什 么样的逻辑
意思。因为我们知道，文章的句子不是无序地排列，而是按照一定关系，有目
的、有 规律地组织起来的。注意信号词能使我们了解作者的思路，理顺该句与
上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而提高 阅读理解的效率和准确率。请看下面这一段
落：

In that mill, I learned the process of making paper.
First
, the logs
are put in the shredder.
Then
, they are cut into small chips and
mixed with water and acid.
Next
, they are heated and crushed to a
heavy pulp to be cleaned. It is also chemically bleached to whiten it.
After this,
it is passed through rollers to flatten it.
Then
, sheets
of wet paper are produced.
Finally
, the water is removed from the
sheets which are pressed, dried and refined until the finished paper
is produced.

作者通过表示先后顺序的信号词
first, then, next, after this, then
和
finally,
有条不紊地描述出造纸工艺的整个过程。

信号词的类别

信号词可以归纳为下面几种：

l
）表示递进的信号词：



after all, also, again, and then, as well as, further more,
additionally, in addition, in other words, moreover, to repeat
等；

2
）预示有相同或类似内容的信号词：

and, also, moreover, further, likewise, in addition, besides,
similarly, as well as, the same as
等；

3
）预示有不同或相反内容出现的信号词：

but, however, while, whereas, on the other hand, on the contrary, as
apposed to, to the opposite, otherwise
等；

4
）表示因果关系的信号词：

as, for, since, because, as a result, consequently, thus, so,
therefore, for this reason, so that, thereby
等；

5
）表示条件性的信号词：

if, in case, assuming that, on condition that, on the supposition
that, provided that
等；

6)
表示总结性内容的信号词：

in short, in a word, in brief, briefly, in conclusion, as a result,
in sum, to sum up, by and large, to conclude
等；

7)
表示先后关系顺序的信号词：

before, after, another, first, next, then, last, finally, afterwards,
later on, since then, eventually, in the end, at last
等；

8)
表示解释、举例说明关系的信号词：

for example, for instance, such as, to illustrate, evidently,
obviously, in other words, that is to say, the same as
等；

9)
表示目的的信号词：

in order to, in order that, so that, so as to, for the purpose that
等。

下面一例考试的一段文字录音稿就有带有各类不同功能的信号词。

If
you′re in your 20s, you own your first car, your career is
more
or less
launched,
and
you′re starting to look forward to own
ing a
home.
But
you′re worried, too.
Perhaps

you′ve got some debt. You
probably

don′t have much in the way of savings.
And
with all your
expenses, it doesn′t look like you′ll be able to improve that
situation soon.

If

you wonder how to cut corners, there′s an obvious place to look—
at your spending habits.

Do you buy a soda each weekend Waste $$1 a day for 40 years
and
,
when

you′re set to retire, you′ll find your account is short by $$190,000.
Grab a calculator
and
you
′ 11 discover that, over 40 years, going
out to dinner twice a month at $$40 each time amounts to half a
million.
Even
a pack-a-day cigarette habit will lighten your
retirement account by $$330,000.
And
the same with cable TV
and
those
cool earrings. They will
probably
amount toas much as one million.

So,
the first clue to accumulating wealth is this: focus on your
spending habits.



要是我们能把握住其中的黑体字信号词，那么将有助于全文的理解，提高做题
的效率。

6.
猜测不认识的词语

在阅读文章的过程中，考生面临最大的问题是遇到 不认识的单词或短语，或者
认识的单词在文章中有了新的含义。如果这些词或短语不影响对文章主要内容
的理解，考生便可以将它们略过，不中断阅读。如果这些词语的意思对正确理
解文章很重要，就 必须根据上下文的联系，根据构词法或其他方法对它们的意
义进行猜测，使之不影响对整篇文章的理解。 猜测词义通常可采用以下几种方
法。

1
)
利用上下文确定词义

通过上下文来猜测词意是阅读考试中最常用的重要手段之一，联 系上下文可以
帮助我们理解句子，确定词义。下面我们通过一些实例来简要说明如何通过上
下文 来确定词义。

例
1
：
He is successful as a businessman because of his
dynamic

personality. He seems to have unlimited energy.

对于
dynamic
一词大家可能不熟悉，下文的
He seems to have unlimited
energy…（他似乎有用不完的劲）就是对
dynamic
词义的解释。这样，我们便
知道该词意为“有干劲的”。

例
2
：
Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of
human society
。

假定
sociology
是一个不认识的词，系 动词
be
后面就给出了明确的定义。这
样，我们便知道该词意思为“社会学”。

例
3
：
A first-year college or university student is commonly
a
′freshman
′, and
′sophomore′, ′junior′
and

′senior′
des-
ignate the second
—
third
—
and fourth
—
year student.

要是对
sophomore, junior
和
senior
几个术语不熟悉，通过后面的对应解释
词语
the second
—
third
—
and fourth
—
year student
我们便不难知道它们分
别是指二、三、四年级的大学生。

例
4
：
The tired soldiers
trudged
through knee-deep mud for hours
before they found a dry place to sleep.

通过后面的
through knee-deep mud
（没膝深的泥浆），我们知 道
trudged
一
词的意思为与行走这一动作有关，在泥浆中行走，也就是“跋涉” 。

例
5
：
When it comes to manufactured goods there is actually more
diversity
in this country than Europe has ever known. The variety of
goods carried by our stores is the first thing that impresses any
visitor from abroad
。

第二句中的
variety
与第一句中的
diversity
同义 ，这样，我们便不难知道
diversity
的大意是“种类”或“品种”。

下面我们联系上下文，试确定以下各句中斜体字的含义。

1. The woman and the children were skilful in boats too, but there
were usually several of them in a large boat called umiak.

2. The doctor said that if a person ate even one leaf of the hemlock
plant, he would die, because the plant is a deadly poison.



3. Although dogs and cats often have large families, rabbits are
famous for the size of their litters, which sometimes number more
than twelve bunnies at one time.

4. Mark became hysterical when his basketball team won, and he did
not calm down for several days.

5. With mud from head to toe, flowers still clutched in his hand,
John looked so ludicrous that we couldn′t help laughing.

6. A bee collects nectar not in its own stomach but in a kind of
shopping bag (called the honey sac) similar to the one ants have.

7. Several generations ago, the world seemed to run in an orderly way.
Now, however, everything is in a state of turmoil.

8. After the first time someone tried to rob him, the banker became
flustered easily, and in his confusion he would make many careless
errors.

9. Jane was intrigued by the behavior of animals; she could sit for
hours observing a bird making a nest or an ant carrying a leaf.

10. Some chimps are very independent and appear to be the superior
members of a group; others seem to be ruled by the leaders and are
quite submissive.

通过上串下联，我们不难确定上述各句中斜体字的含义如下：

1. umiak n.
一种大船

2. hemlock n.
一种有毒植物（毒芹）

3. litter n.
一窝
bunnies
小兔子

4. hysterical a.
歇斯底里，异常兴奋

5. ludicrous a. .
滑稽可笑的

6. nectar n.
花蜜
honey sac
蜜胃

7. turmoil n.
混乱

8. flustered a.
慌乱的

9. intrigued a.
感兴趣

10. submissive a.
顺从的

2)
利用构词法确定词义

掌握英语构词法，是提高阅读速度的技巧之一。 在很多情况下，通过构词分
析，便能理解不认识生词的含义，不至于中断阅读。因此，考生应当有效地利
用自己所熟悉的词缀（包括前缀和后缀）和词根，通过构词法来是确定生词的
含义。

例
1
：
Many cancers have been arrested with the use of chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy
是由
chemo
（意为
chemica l
）和
therapy (
意为
treatment
），
整个单词意思就是“化学疗法”。

例
2
：
They overes
timate the interviewee′s ability and asked turn
many difficult questions.

overestimate
＝
over (
过分、过度
)
＋
estimate (估计
)
。因此
overestimate
的词义可猜测为“过高估计”。



例
3
：
The murderer had developed a poison which could not be tasted
or smelled when mixed with food. Because it was
imperceptible,
he was
able to murder a number of people without being caught.

句中的
imperceptible
一词由前缀
im-
（非，不）＋词根
percept
（感知、觉
察）＋后缀
-ible
（能……的）构成。几部分组合在一起，也就是“难以觉察
的”之意。

例
4
：
Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which
seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned,
orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists
use for the study of natural phenomena. (2003
工程硕士英语第
62
题
)

其中的
dispassioned
为超纲词，我们可根据构词法
dis + passion + ed
知其
大概意思：除掉激情的，也即是“冷静的”。

3)
利用语法知识确定词义

在很多情况下，各种语法知识可以帮助我们来判断词性、词义。

例
1
：
This set of books is for children. The first book of the
sequence, which is one of the most popular series of children′s
stories, is a group of stories about the inhabitants of a village.

假定我们不认识
sequence
，利用定语从句
which is one of the most popular
series of children′s stories, 其中
series
就与
sequence
同义，也就是
“丛书”的意思。

例
2
：
For their fishing and hunting the men used a
kayak,
a small
boat for one person.

利用同位语
a small boat for one person
我们知道
kayak
是一种单人小船。

例
3
：
A
solar eclipse
—
when the moon passes between the Earth and the
sun
—
in an unusual and interesting phenomenon that occurs rarely.

通过破折号解释我们知道
solar eclipse
为“日食”。

例
4
：
Ventilation,
as we know, is a system or means of providing
fresh air. It plays a very important part in the field of engineering.

通过后面的解释我们知道
Ventilation为“通风，流通空气”之意。

例
5
：
The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an
instrument for listening to a patient′s heartbeat and breathing.

Stethoscope
一词大家都不熟悉，通过后面的同位语解释
an instrument for
listening to a patient′s heartbeat and breathin
g
，我们便能理解
stethosc ope
的确切词义，即“听诊器”或“听筒”的意思。

4)
根据同义、反义关系确定词义

阅读中，特别是要注意表示反意的信号词：
in contrast, on the other hand,
rather than, however, yet, although, while, unlike, but, whereas, as
opposed to
等，利用这些同义、反义关系，可以帮助我们确定词义。

例
1
：
My sister Mane is an optimist, while her boyfriend is one who
is always gloomy and expects the worst to happen.

从
while
的转折关系可知
optimist
意思是“one who expects the best”, 即
“乐观的”。



例
2
：
Mother was tall, fat, and middle aged. The principal of the
school was an older woman, almost as
plump
as Mother, and much
shorter.

根据
Mother was tall, fat
以及后面
as
plump
as
的同义关系， 我们知道
plump
为“丰满的”之意。
(
安通学校提供
)

例
3
：
Sally liked to concoct all sorts of stories, but her mother
always knew when she was lying.

concoct
一词大家不熟悉，根据
but
的转折关系我们知道在此句中与
was lying
的含义大体相同， 由此可知
concoct
的大概意思是“编造谎话”。

例
4
：
A gorilla always makes me think of the word aloof
—
not friendly,
of distance from others.

假定我们不认识
aloof
一词，破折号后的反义关系：“不友好，冷漠” 就解释
了
aloof
一词的含义。

5
）利用逻辑推理和常识确定词义

有时候，逻辑推理和自身的生活经验及普通常识能帮助我们确定词义。

例
1
：
Fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim.
Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales, but in fishes such
as eels the scales are very small and can hardly be seen.

凭常识我们不难猜出
fins, slimy< br>和
scales
的确切意思分别是“鳍”、“滑溜
的”和“鳞”，对于
eels
一词，我们只需知道是
fish
的一种（鳝鱼类）就行
了。

例
2
：
Not wanting to disturb the sleeping kitten, I
gingerly
lifted
her from the box and put her on a blanket near the heater.

根据前半句的
Not wanting to disturb< br>（不愿打扰），我们便可大致推测出
gingerly
一词的含义：“小心翼翼地”。< br>
例
3
：
A mercury thermometer is made of a glass tube with a

bulb
at one end.

凭常识我们知道温度计下面的
bulb
是“水银球”。

例
4
：
Most troubles can be avoided, but death and taxes are
in-
evitable.

凭常识我们知道死亡和税收是不可避免的（
inevitable
）事情。

第四节阅读应试的基本方法步骤


前面我们详细地介绍了阅读理解的基本方 法技巧，现在向大家介绍怎样把这些
基本方法技巧用于阅读应试。

阅读应试的基本方 法有
3
种，一种是略读，第二种是精读
(scrutinizing)
，第< br>三种是寻读。前面我们谈到，略读是一种快速阅读方法，在非常短的时间内浏
览全文获得文章的中 心思想和主要事实。精读则是仔细阅读每句话，理解分析
其含义，弄清句与句之间的逻辑关系，进而理解 整个段落的意思。而寻读则是
通过目光扫视，迅速确定你所期望得到的信息的位置。通过略读，我们可以 了
解材料的结构安排和主要信息，而精读是针对考题中的某些信息或难点做具体
细致的解析，而 寻读则在解题过程中起着一个定位的作用。

不少考生常常提出这样一个问题：做阅读理解题是 先读文章还是先读后面的问
题呢我们认为，答案因人而异。英语水平较高，阅读速度较快的考生可以先通
读短文，一边阅读一边思考文章的主旨大意
,
理解文章的细节
,
基本理解原文


之后再看考题及选项并做出选择，遇上个别无把握的题时再 回头查阅短文的相
关部分，仔细推敲定夺，以求准确无误得高分。但这种方法只适合那些有能力
获取优异成绩的考生，其优点是对文章有一个总的概念和印象，缺点是，费时
间，对文章的细节记不清楚 。对于大多数考生来说，考试的时间较为紧迫，我
们建议使用以下几个步骤：

第一步：略读短文把握方向

用尽量短的时间扫视短文每段的第一句和最后一段的最后 一句。因为各段的主
题句往往在句首，而文章的最后一句很可能是概括总结。略读的目的是掌握短
文的主旨大意，做到对全文的内容心中大致有数，有一个思考的方向。

第二步：浏览问题，有的放矢

浏览题目，揣测出题者出此题的目的并侧重阅读短文相 关部分。由于对所问问
题及文章主旨都已有所了解，在阅读时自然会知道哪些地方得细读哪些地方可一带而过甚至跳过不读。所有问题都是根据文章内容提出的，基本反应并覆盖
了文章内容的主干。先 阅读问题再阅读全文可以做到“成竹在胸”。

第三步：分析判断确定答案

有了前两步的定位，第三步就该敲定答案了。这一步是做题的关键，一不小心
就会前功尽弃。需要注意的 是，一些看似简单的问题，不能掉以轻心；尤其当
文章内容涉及常识或你所熟悉的知识范畴时，事实、观 点要以文章为准，而不
能跟着自己的感觉走。因为这里考的是你的阅读理解能力，而不是你对某种文化、知识的掌握程度，因此选择答案绝对不能脱离文章内容或作者观点，单凭
自己的主观判断解决问 题。

这种三步到位方法其优点是事半功倍，考生可以抓紧时间，集中精力进行有针
对 性地阅读、解题。其缺点是有时可能会遗漏关键细节，从而产生理解偏差，
答错题。因此做完之后再忙也 应抽出一定的时间将答案检查一遍。

对于英语水平相对较低，阅读速度较慢的考生来说不妨直 接从第二步开始：先
浏览所有五道题的题目，对文章所涉及的内容有个粗略的估计或了解。然后逐
一解答。先寻读短文的相关部分，然后选择正确答案。如遇有关文章主旨大意
或需要推理的题可先放一 放，等做完其他题再做这类题会容易一些。先难后
易，各个击破。这种方法能在相对短的时间里做完阅读 理解部分，但准确率不
高。对于那些如采用上述前两种方法则在规定时间内根本做不完试题，对文章只能一知半解看了后面忘前面，词汇量不足的考生来说不能不说是一种万不得
已的办法。

另外，在阅读过程中，不妨在自己认为比较重要的某些句子或词语（主题句，
关键词）下面划线 ，标上记号，这样有助于突出重点，活跃思维，同时也便于
阅读，节省时间，使阅读更加积极。并且对于 记忆力稍差的考生而言，记住几
个重要句子和信息要比记住全文容易得多了。所以，我们建议对阅读文章 中的
主要句子和关键词标出记号并重点阅读。

第四节阅读理解应试题型详解

根据命题要求阅读理解考题可分为
5
类：
1.
主旨题；
2.
细节题；
3.
词汇题；
4.
推断题；
5.
是非判断题。其中细节题所占比例最大，其次为主旨题、推断
题、语义题。是非题判断题视具体情况可列入细节题或推断题类，我们在此就
不作专题介绍了。需要特别 提醒大家的是：不同的题型应采用不同的阅读方法
技巧和解题思路。

1.
主旨大意题



这类考题旨在考查考生对文章主旨大意的理解和概 括归纳能力。考题中往往出
现下列词汇：
subject, topic, theme, title, main idea, purpose
等等，这
类考题的设问特点可以大致归纳为以下几个方面：

1
．就文章的写作目的，或人物或事件提问；

2
．就文章的标题提问；

3.
就全文或某段的中心思想或主题提问。

这类题的提问主要有以下几种：

1
．
What is mainly discussed in this passage

2
．What is the author′s main concern

3
．
The main idea of this passage maybe best expressed as__________.

4
．
The selection informs us that_________.

sentence contains a statement of the theme

6
．
The best title for this passage could be ___________.

7
．
The article was written to explain ___________.

8
．
The main purpose of this article is to explain __________.

9
．
In this passage the author tries to interpret ___________.

10
．
The topic of the passage is _________.

11
．
The passage (or paragraph) mainly deals with _________.

在阅读时应该注意文章的主旨句和每段的主题 句。文章的中心思想往往是每段
的主题句的综合。另外，干扰选项的特点多是以偏概全，只说到文中的某 一点
而不能全面概括文章的中心思想，或是范围太大，超出了文章的中心内容。所
以在做主旨题 时，我们先可以略读，找出每段的主题句，然后将主题句综合起
来就是文章的中心思想。在选择答案时， 根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除
法将干扰选项剔除。请看下面几例。

主旨大意题例
1

主题句：
It was once thought that air pollution affected only the area
immediately around large cities with factories and/or heavy
automobile traffic. Today, we know that although these are the areas
with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide.

问题：
This passage is primarily concerned with______.

A. the greenhouse effect

B. the burning of fossil fuels

C. the potential effect of air pollution

D. the likelihood of a new ice age

主题句的大意是：人们曾认为空气污染仅限于大城市周围，因为这些地方工厂
密集，交通拥挤。如今我们知道，虽然这些地方空气污染最厉害，但空气污染
实际上是全球范围的。选项
A
：温室效应；选项
B
：燃烧化石燃料；选项
C
：空
气污染的潜在影响；选项
D
：新冰河时期的可能性。通过对主题句的理解，我
们可选 定正确答案为
C
。

大意题例
2

主题句：
The media can impact current events.

问题：
The best title for the passage is ______.

A. The 1992 Los Angeles Riots

B. The Impact of Media on Current Events



C. The 1989 San Francisco Earthquake and the 1992 Los Angeles Riots

D. How Media Cover Events

主题句的大意是：媒介可以影响时事。选项
A
和
C
均与主题无关；选项
B
：媒
介对时事的影响；选项< br>D
：媒介是怎样报道事件的。找准了主题句，我们就可
选定正确答案为
B.
2.
细节题

文章的作者往往要用具体事实和细节来证明、分析、解 释中心思想、段落大义
等主旨。细节题测试考生对文中事实和有关细节的理解程度。考生应特别注意有关
who, when, where, what, whose, how why
等问题的内容。细节题的常
见题干有：

1. What causes……

2. What is special about …

3. Why does the writer ….

4. It can be seen from this passage that…. .

5. Which of the following characterizes …. .

6. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage

7. Which of the following statement is (NOT) true

8. The writer mentions all of the following EXCEPT ______.

9. According to the passage who (when, where, what, whose, how)…

10. The reason for … is ________.

11. …. can be attributed to _________.


12. …. in that _________.

13. What does the example of …. illustrate

14. The example of …in the passage is used to _______.

15. The author state that_______.

16. The author quotes …. in paragraph x because _______.

这类题的题干和正确答案在含义上通常相等于原文中某部分内容，但通常表达
方式不同。如：使用不同的 语态句式，同义词，反义词（或词组）。也有的细
节题需要在理解相关原文内容的基础上做出简单推理和 计算。文中的具体事实
和细节不是孤立存在的而是前后呼应，相辅相成的。这类考题在试卷中所占比例最大，其出题顺序一般和文章内容的先后顺序一致。干扰选项往往使用原文
中的一些表达方式，但 其陈述与原文不符或部分不符，或虽与大众常识、流行
观点一致，但却与作者观点或原文内容相悖或原文 根本未提及。
(
安通学校提供
)

在一般情况下，阅读考试中遇到细 节题应先通读或略读全文，了解全文和各段
的主旨大意，然后再做题。要先看清考题的题干，特别注意其 关键词“Where
When Which Who”，然后找到相应段落，进而找出相应陈述，仔细 阅读，并根
据上下文思索其真实含义。最后是比较选项，排除干扰项，选择正确答案。

细节题例
1

原文：
As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to swirl in a
counter-clockwise motion.

The counter-clockwise swirling of the hurricane is brought about by
______.

A. the low- pressure area in the center of the storm

B. the force of waves of water



C. the trade winds

D. the increasing heat

根据原文的
As the heat increases
，我们 知道正确答案为
D
：反时针方向的旋
涡是因为热度加大而造成的。

细节题例
2

原文：
In a barter economy it would be necessary to determine how many
plates were worth one hundred weight of cotton, or how many pens
should be exchanged for a ton of coal, which would be a difficult and
time-consuming task.

A barter economy is one in which ___.

A. value is decided by weight

B. value is decided by number

C. goods are exchanged and money is not used

D. money is used and goods are not exchanged

根据原文的上下文，我们可猜测出
barter ec onomy
就是“物物交换经济”，由
此可知正确答案为
C
：货物被交换，而 不是用货币。

3.
词汇题

此类题旨在考查考生对某些关键词语 或句子在特定的语境中含义的理解能力；
通过上下文或构词法猜测判断某些超纲词汇或表达方式的意义的 能力。因此考
生所掌握的词汇量的大小直接影响这一类题的得分率。这类考题的正确答案往
往是 相应词语的同义词语，或是对相应语句的解释、复述或概括。其余三个选
项，往往是对原相应表达方式的 不正确的改写，或故意丢三拉四，或半对半
错，或曲解原意。这些干扰项有时会使用较多的原句中的表达 方式，给人似是
而非的误导。

语义题的常见出题形式有：

1
．The phrase……. in paragraph X most probably me
ans__________.

2
．1The word ……in Line X Paragraph Y can be best replaced by
____________.

3
．According to the author, the word …… means___________.

4
．The sentence ……. . in paragraph X refers to__________.

5
．According to this passage, the expression…… can
be interpreted
as___________.

6
．What does the author probably mean by …… in the first paragraph

7
．
The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that
_________.

8
．
From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that
________.

词汇题例
1

原文：
A typical hurricane brings 6 to 12-inch downpours resulting in
sudden floods.

Apparently the word

A. heavy rainfallB. dangerous waves

C. the progress of water to the hurricane centerD. the energy
produced by the hurricane



根据上下文
brings 6 to 12-
inch….resulting in sudden floods
可知道此处
的
downpour
为倾盆大雨，因 此正确答案为
A
。

词汇题例
2

原文：
Therefore, they are continually discontented. By their remarks,
they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make
themselves disagreeable everywhere.

The phrase “sour the pleasures of society” most nearly means _____.

A. have a good taste to the pleasures of society

B. aren′t content with the pleasures of society

C. feel happy with the pleasures of society

D. enjoy the pleasures of society

根据下文的
offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable
我们知
道
sour一词在此处为贬意词，因此可选择
B
：对社会的愉悦感到不满意。

词汇题例
3

原文：
There are no large worthwhile reserves of potential farmland
remaining, and good fertile land is continually being changed into
industrial use. Moreover, erosion of the soil takes a constant toll.

“Erosion” in the last sentence of the second paragraph probably
means _____.

A. “washing away”

B. “taking away”

C. “digging up”

D. “picking up”

根据上下文可知
erosion
为“侵蚀”之意，所以正确答案为
A.

解词汇题除了需要扎实的词汇基本功之外，前 一节中所讲的利用上下文、利用
构词法、利用语法知识、根据同／反义关系、利用逻辑／常识猜测词义都 不失
为解题的好办法。尤其是上下文和构词法，这两个方法是解词汇题的最常用的
法宝。

请看下面这段文字：

The
vertebrates
can be divided into five groups: fish,
amphibians,
reptiles,
birds and
mammals.

FISH. These live in water. Most of them have a body covered in
scales.
They breathe with
gills
in the neck and their shape is often pointed
so that they can move easily through the water. The tail is
flattened

from side to side to push against the water as they swim. Most fish
lay eggs and do not look after their young.

AMPHIBIANS.
These can live on land or in the water. Their bodies are
often smooth and their skin is damp. They breathe with lungs or
through their skins but some also breathe with their mouth. They have
two pairs of limbs and lay their eggs in water. These eggs hatch to
produce a
larva
or
tadpole
which looks very different from the
parents. The
tadpole
grows and then changes to look like the parent.

REPTILES.
These live on land or in the water. Their bodies are
covered with
scales
. They breathe with lungs and have two pairs of
legs (except the snakes and some
lizards
). They lay their eggs in


warm places on land and the eggs hatch to produce a small animal just
like the parent.

BIRDS. These live on land. Some can swim on the water. A few, like
the
penguin
and
puffin,
can also swim under water. Their bodies are
covered with feathers. Birds breathe with lungs and have two pairs of
limbs. The front limbs are the wings used for flying. They lay eggs
and keep them warm with their bodies until they hatch. Then they look
after the young
chicks
until they can

fend
for themselves.

MAMMALS.
This group includes Man. Mammals can live on land or in the
water. The whale and the
dolphin
live in the sea. The bats have wings
and can fly. All mammals breathe with lungs and often have bodies
covered with hair. They have two pairs of limbs. They produce live
young (there are two exceptions: the duck
—
billed
platypus
and the
spiny
ant-eater,
who both lay eggs) and feed them with milk that the
mother makes in her special
glands.
The parent animals look after
their young until they are old enough to look after themselves.

其中的斜体字词语
vertebrates
脊椎动物
,amphibians
两栖动物
, reptiles
爬
行动物
,mammals
哺乳动物
, scales
鳞
, gills
鳃
,flattened
扁平的,larva
幼
虫
, tadpole
蝌蚪
, lizards
蜥蜴
,penguin
企鹅，
puffin
海雀
,chic ks
雏鸟
,
fend
照料
, dolphin
海豚
, platypus
鸭嘴兽
, ant- eater
食蚁兽
, glands
腺
等，都是超纲词和专业术语，但通过上下文，我们都能理解其大致意思。

另外，掌握一些必要的词根、词缀，对词加深的理解，扩大词汇量都大有裨
益。下面是常用的一些英语词 根及其例词，考生不妨接着往后面补充添加自己
所熟悉的例词。

ambula = walk
例词：
ambulance; ambulant

ann=year
例词：
annual; anniversary

audi = hearing
例词：
audience; audible

auto = self
例词：
automation; autobiography;

bio=life
例词：
biology; biography

capit=head
例词：
capital; decapitate

ced, cess = go; move
例词：
unprecedented;process

chron=time
例词：
chronology; synchronal

cide = kill; cut
例词：
suicide; bactericide

confid= trust
例词：
confide; confidential

cred = trust; belief
例词：
credit; credulous

cur = run; move
例词：
current; incursion

dic/dict = say; speak
例词：
indicate; dictate

duce/duct = lead; take
例词：
introduce; conduct

equ = same; equal
例词：
equality; equator

fact = make; do
例词：
manufacture; factory

fer = carry; bring
例词：
ferry; transfer

frag = break
例词：
fragile, fragment

gen = produce
例词：
genetics; generate



ject= throw
例词：
eject;injection

mit/miss = send
例词：
emit; vomit

port = carry
例词：
porter; passport

pose = put; place
例词：
propose; dispose

simil = like
例词：
similarity; simile, similar

spec(t) = see; look at
例词：
inspect; expect; retrospect

tarn = hold
例词：
maintain, attain, retain

tract = draw
例词：
attract; tractor; distract

vent = come
例词：
advent; convent; contravention

vert /vers = turn
例词：
version; convert; subvert

vid /vis=see
例词：
visit; vision; invisible

volv = roll
例词：
evolve; revolution

4.
正误判断题

正误判断题常用提问方式

1. Which of the following statements is (not) true

2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned in the article

3. Which of the following does not explain. . .

4. Which of the following statements is wrong according to the author

5. Which of the following is not listed as . . .

6. All of the following fire true except. . .

7. The author mentions al 1 Of the items listed below except. . .

8. The author(passage)does not tell us . . .

正误判断题答题策略

1
正确理解
4
个判断选项，分辨出其间的差异；

2
确定各个判断句在原文中的大致位置，将其与原文进行比较；

3
避免以偏概全，同样也须避免极端；

4
最后对照原文通过比较鉴别，选出正确答案。

正误判断例
1

原文：
In addition to genetics, they say, intelligence depends on an
adequate diet, a good home environment, parental attention, and
education

Which of the following statements is not true

A. The whole world is raced with the problem of the increasing
population.

B. Some scientists argued that birth control can affect the level of
intelligence.

C. Genetics is one of the main factors to intelligence.

D. Food, family attention and education have nothing to do with
intelligence.

对照原文，通过比较鉴别， 我们可知正确答案为
C
：遗传基因是影响智力的主
要原因之一。

A
和
B
与原文无关，
D
太极端，因此只有
C
符合题意 。

正误判断例
2



原文：
Hydroponics was once a complicated and expensive business, now
it is well out of the experimental stage.

Which of the following statements is not true of hydroponics

A. Hydroponics is still too complicated and expensive for practical
use.

B. Hydroponics is considered a revolutionary method of agriculture.

C. Hydroponics has created wonders in agriculture.

D. Hydroponics has already been employed in food production.

根据
now it is well out of the experimental stage
早就走出了试验阶段，
可知正 确答案为
D
：水栽法已经用于食物生产。

5.
推断、引申题

在一篇文章中，作者有时没有将某一个问题、观点直接或正面陈述出来 ，而是
隐含在字里行间，这就要求考生对所隐含的意义作推断。这类考题要求考生在
深刻理解原 文的基础上从正面或反面进行推理和判断下述东西：作者的写作意
图或思路、观点倾向、文章来源、文章 标题、上文或下文应涉及内容或主题，
某些数字或细节等。在做这种题型的过程中，除了需要考生准确、 透彻地理解
原文外，还要求考生有一定的推理能力。推断题的题干中常见词语包括：
imply ,
suggest, infer, conclude, infer, author′s point of view
等；
(
安通学
校提供
)

这类题常见的题干有：

1 The first sentence of paragraph 3 implies that ___________________.

2. From the last paragraph we can infer that_______________________.

3. The passage suggests that_______________________-.

4. The paragraph following the last paragraph of this passage would
most likely deal with_____________________.

5. What is the author′s attitude toward the future of
______________________

6. The auth
or′s attitude towards the issue seems to be ____.

7. The author′s attitude towards the issue of “…” is ______.

8. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.

9. The author implies that ______.

10. It can be concluded that _____
等等。

推断、引申题
1

原文：
Do you forget to turn off die lights and heaters when you go
out of a room In 2040 it will not matter. They will turn themselves
off
—
and on again when you return.

The author intends to tell the readers that in year 2040 _____.

A. they win live without lights and heaters

B. they will me much more lights and beaten

C. lights and heaters will be on and off automatically

D. there will be no switches of lights and beaten

根据原文的
They will turn themselves off
—
and on again when you
return
我们 可以大致推论出答案为
C
：灯和加热器会自动打开和关闭。

推断、引申题
2



原文：
All this activity did not prevent RobertSpring from dying in
poverty, leaving sharp-eyed experts the difficult task of separating
his forgeries from the originals.

The author in the passage implied that _____.

A. RobertSpring was highly skilled in coping handwriting and
imitating signature

B. RobertSpring died in poverty

C. Robert established a bookstore in Philadelphia in 1858

D. forgeries are casually sold to persons who aren′t experts

根据原文的
All this activity did not prevent Robert Spring from dying
in poverty
可以论出答案为
B
：
Robert Spring
死于贫困。

推断、引申题
3

原文：
One such investigation led to the arrest of the man accused of
sending the extremely dangerous Melissa virus, a computer virus that
destroyed files in computers around the world in the spring of 1999.

How dangerous was Melissa virus back in 1999

A. It destroyed computer files worldwide.

B. Many agents took up the case.

C. Technicians, experts, and a student were investigated

D. Telephone lines and computers were destroyed.

根据原文的
a computer virus that destroyed files in computers around
the world
可以论出答案为
A
：它摧毁了全世界的电脑文档。

推断 题的特点是：其正确答案无法从原文的表面意义中找到，考生必须从字里
行间寻找推断深层含义。对作者 的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文、掌握了
主题思想和主要事实后，才能做出判断。因此从某种意义上 说，推断题是最难
做的题。做这类题应注意深刻理解原文，找出相关的关键词语或句子，再由此
采用归纳、演绎等逻辑思维方法推断从而排除错误答案，找出正确答案。需要
指出的是，推理时应以原文 中相关的关键词语或句子为基础或依据，且忌凭空
或按考生自己的常识瞎推断。

阅读 理解题中推断作者态度是最难的部分，得分档次也在这方面拉开了差距。
因此，我们提出以下几点供考生 在阅读中领会作者的观点、意图和态度。

1.
要学会辨别清楚文章的文体。高考阅 读试题设计到各类文章，而以议论文为
主，文章的主题句、核心句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度立 场；阅读理
解中也有说明文、描述文。前者因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往
采取中 立。而后者因为其文章观点往往不直接提出，而且作者写作时也常带有
某种倾向性，所以，要求考生在读 这种文体时要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度
的词式短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，渲染情感的词句。

2.
对于综合性判断情感态度的题，需要分析段落大意，分析文章的走向，理解
文章 中心思想、段落大意，而后才能判断出作者的情感态度。

3.
要学会区分不同的观 点——尤其要善于找出作者的观点。考生要注意文中出
现的直接引语和间接引语，出现的观点
(
一般是当事人的观点，而不是作者的观
点
)
。作者的观点一般用
in my view, in my opinion, personally, I think,
I hold
等词语表现。



4.
对于选项而言，要分清 选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。
下面是一些常见的有关作者态度的褒贬词语。

1
）表示褒义的词语

positive
赞成的，
su pporting
支持的，
praising
赞扬的，
optimistic
乐观
的，
admiring
羡慕的
, interesting有趣的，
humorous
幽默的，
serious
严肃
的，< br>enthusiastic
热情的，
pleasant
愉快的，
pol ite
礼貌的
,concerned
关切
的
,sober
冷 静的，等；

2
）表示中性的词语

indifferent
冷淡的，不关心的；
impassive
冷淡的，不动感情的；
uninteres ted
无兴趣的，不感兴趣的；
ambivalent
情绪矛盾的；
neut ral
中立
的；
impersonal
不带个人感情的；
subje ctive
主观的；
objective
客观的；
informative< br>提供信息的；
impartial
不偏袒的；
apathetic
漠不 关心的，等；

3
）表示贬义的词语

disgusted
感到恶心的，厌恶的；
critical
批评的；
negative
否定的 ，反对
的；
suspicious
怀疑的；
tolerant
容忍的 ，忍让的；
worried
担忧的；
pessimistic
悲观的；depressed
沮丧的；
disappointed
失望的；
ir onic
讽刺
的；
sarcastic
挖苦的；
bitter
痛苦的；
cynical
玩世不恭的；
sentimental
感伤的 ；
emotional
激动的；
angry
气愤的，等。

最后需要着重提醒广大考生的是：阅读理解的种种方法技巧，对不同英语水平
的考生有不同的指导作用， 但归根到底，最重要一点还是要建筑在准确理解的
基础上加之大量的有针对性的练习。我们可以归纳出这 样三个要点：高考阅读
要过关，考出好成绩一是思想重视，二是方法得当，三是要有足够的训练保
证。

Reading Comprehension 1

Passage 1

“ Family” is of course an elastic word. But when British people say
that theirsociety is based on family life, they are thinking of
“family” in its narrow, peculiarly European sense of mother, fat
her
and children living together alone in their own house as an economic
and social unit. Thus, every British marriage indicates the beginning
of a new and independent family
—
hence the tremendous importance of
marriage in British life. For both the man and the woman, marriage
means leaving one′s parents and starting one′s own life. The man′s
first duty will then beto his wife, and the wife′s to her husband.
He will be entirely responsible for her financial support, and she
for the running of the new home. Their children willbe their common
responsibility and theirs alone. Neither the wife′s parents northe
husband′s, nor their brothers or sisters, aunts or uncles, have any
right to interfere with them
—
they are their own masters.

Readers of novels like Jane Austen′s
Pride and Prejudice
will know
that in former times marriage among wealthy families were arranged by
the girl′s parents, that is, it was the parents′ duty to find a
suitable husband for their daughter, preferably a rich one, and by
skillful encouragement to lead him eventually to asktheir permission


to marry her. Until that time, the girl was protected and maintained
in the parents′ home, and the financial relief of getting rid of her
could be seen in their giving the newly married pair a sum of money
called a dowry. It is very different today. Most girls of today get a
job when they leave school andbecome financially independent before
their marriage. This has had two results. Agirl chooses her own
husband, and she gets no dowry.

1. What does the author mean by “Family is of course an elastic
word”

families have different ways of life.

B. Different definitions could be given to the word.

C. Different nations have different families.

times produce different families.

2. F
or an English family, the husband′s duty is ____.

A. supporting the family while the wife is financial

B. defending the family while the wife is running the home

C. financial while the wife is running the home

D. independent while the wife is dependent

3. Everything is decided in a family ____.

the coupleB. with the help of their parents

C. by brothers and sistersD. with the help of aunts and uncles

4. What is true concerning the book
Pride and Prejudice

A. It is the best book on marriage.

B. It is a handbook of marriage.

C. It gives quite some idea of English social life in the past.

D. It provides a lot of information of former
time wealthy families.

regard to marriage in Britain, present-day girls differ from former
time girls in ____.

A. the right marry B. more parental support

C. choosing husbands D. social position

1.
【答案】
B
。

【解析】此句主要是考察对
e lastic
这个单词的理解，
elastic
的意思是“有
弹性的，可伸缩 的，不是固定不变的”，整句话的意思是“家庭当然不是一个
固定不变的概念”，在这一段的后面也写了 不同时期的家庭和婚姻状况，从此
可知“family”一词的含义也是不同的。

2.
【答案】
C

【解析】从文中可找出关键句“The man′s first duty...”和“responsible
for her financial support”，此句意思是“男人应是女人的财政支柱”，
financia l
的意思是“财政的，金融的”。注意“responsible for
her...running of the new home”是关键句。

3.
【答案】
A

【解析】由第一段最后一句“neither...nor...nor...have any right to
interfere with
them.”此处的“them”是指夫 妻俩，
neither...nor...
是否


定形式，即说… …都没有权力干涉夫妻俩的事情，——他们是自己的主人，故
此题的正确答案是
A
。< br>
4.
【答案】
C

【解析】分析本文第二段可知，《傲慢 与偏见》这本书中讲述了当时的婚姻状
况，当时有钱人之间的婚姻都是由女方父母做主，并且父母给新婚 夫妇一些钱
做嫁妆之后就不再管他们的经济问题，这是当时英国社会生活的一个方面。

5.
【答案】
C

【解析】从第二段中开始部分可知过去的女孩的 社会地位，从后半部分可知现
在的女孩的社会地位比以前有很大提高，表现在结婚前就可以自己在经济上 独
立，可以自己选择丈夫，可以不要
dowry(
嫁妆
)
，这些方面 都属于社会地位方
面。

Passage 2

Except for the Indians, the earliest backpackers in America were
frontiersmen, who roamed the wilderness looking either for
necessities such as food and wateror for sources of wealth such as
fur and gold. For them backpacking was a way of survival or a means
of achieving what one day would be called the “American
Dream”.Today,however,many people enjoy backpacking as a recreational
a pack and leaving behind the world of telephone,television and
traffic promise an exciting one′s stamina (耐力
) and skills are
challenging a sense of one′s place in the natural world can be
rewarding .Moreover, backpacking is an activity that can last any
length for time and can be enjoyed alone or with friends. Then too, a
backpacking trip may be organized within a day or two. The backpacker
and his friends have only to decide on their destination and then
organize the all-important kit, whose contents they must depend on
throughout their trip. A map, a compass, a flashlight, along with
first?equipment, food, and extra clothing can be rounded up without
much difficulty. Once the backpackers have left word about where they
go in a note on the refrigerator door or in a message on an answering
machine, they can look forward to an adventure that will lift the
spirit and nourish the soul. Their outing will enable them to return
in a short time to the age of technology with the courage and
independence of Natty Bumppo, who did indeed belong to the age of the
frontier.

6. The passage mainly discusses_________ .

A. the early backpackers

B. backpacking as a perfect form of recreation

C. how backpacking started

D. why people of today are interested in backpacking

earliest backpackers were _____________.

A. . fur traders D. gold miners



8. Early backpackers who roamed about in wilderness were interested
in finding________ .

A. means to realize the American dream B. recreation in life

C. relief from the stress of everyday life D. daily
necessities

9. One of the advantages of backpacking is that ___________.

A. it can help people to establish a link with nature

B. it is a group activity and can cure a person′s loneliness

C. it is not so challenging as other activities

D. it does not require people to decide on a destination

to the passage, Natty Bumppo was____________.

A. an American national hero B. a character in a Hemingway
novel

C. a man of valor D. an lndian warrior

6.
【答案】
D

【解析】本文开头简要介绍
backpacking
这种运动的起源。但这不是文中 主要
讨论的内容。可以看出，文中讨论的重点是
backpacking
作为一种现代 娱乐活
动为什么会深受许多人喜爱。
D
答案与此意相同，说明了文章的中心议题，是< br>正确答案。

7.
【答案】
B

【解析】见原文开头：
Except for the Indians,the earliest backpackers
in America were frontiersmen… 除了
Indians (
印第安人
), frontiersmen
(
未开发的边疆居民
)
是美国最早的
b ackpackers
这说明
Indians
才是美国最早
的
bac kpackers
，因此
B
项是正确选项。

8.
【答案】
D

【解析】见原文开头……the earliest backpackers……，
who roamed the
wilderness looking either for necessities such as food and water or
for sources of wealth such as fur and god……。
D
项与此意相符，是正确
答案。

9.
【答案】
A

【解析】见它
(backpackin g)
可以帮助人们与自然建立一种联系。这说明在这项
活动中，人是融于自然的，它在人和自然 之间建立了一种直接的联系，这也正
是这项活动的好处所在。因此
A
答案是正确的。< br>B
它是一种群体活动，可以治
疗一个人的孤独感；
C
它不像其它活动一 样富有挑战性；
D
它不要求人们决定自
己的目标。均非文中讨论的内容。

10.
【答案】
C

【解析】见见原文最后一句：
Their outing will enable them to return in
a short time to the age of technology with the courage and
independence of Natty Bumppo,who did indeed belong to the age of
frontier
。
C
一个勇敢的人，符合文中的叙述，是正确的答案 。
A.
一个美国民
族英雄；
B.
海明威小说中的主人公；
D.
一名印第安士兵。文中均未提到。

Passage 3

American Indians played a central role in the war known as the
American them,however,the dispute between the colonists and England


was peripheral (
边缘的
). For American Indians the conflict was a war
for American Indian independence, and whichever side they chose they
lost it. Mary Brant was a powerful influence among the was a Mohawk,
the leader of the society of all Iroquois matrons, and the widow of
Sir William Johnson, Superintendent of Indian brother, Joseph Brant,
is the best-known American Indian warrior of the Revolution, yet she
may have exerted even more influence in the Confederacy than he
did .She used her influence to keep the western tribes of Iroquois
loyal to the English king, George
Ⅲ
.When the colonists won the war,
she and her tribe had to abandon their lands-and retreat to the
other side,Nancy Ward held positions of authority in the Cherokee
had fought as a warrior in the war against the Greeks and as a reward
for her heroism
was made “Beloved Woman”of the office made her
chief of the women′s council and a member of the council of was
friendly with the White settlers and supported the Patriots during
the the Cherokees too lost their land.

11. What is the main point the author makes in the passage

A. Siding with the English in the Revolution helped American Indians
regain their land.

B. At the time of the Revolution, the Superintendent of Indian
Affairs had little power.

C. Regardless of whom they supported in the Revolution, American
Indians lost their land.

D. The outcome of the Revolution was largely determined by American
Indian women.

12. According to the passage, Mary Brant′s husband had been a
_________ .

A. government official B. Mohawk chief

C. revolutionary hero D. Cherokee council member

which tribe did Nancy Ward belong

A. Mohawk. B. Iroquois. C. Cherokee. D. Greek.

14. How did Nancy Ward gain her position of authority

A. By bravery in battle. B. By marriage to a chief.

C. By joining the Confederacy. D. By being born into a powerful
family.

15. According to the passage,what did Mary Brant and Nancy Ward have
in common


A. Each was called “Beloved Woman” by her tribe.

B. Each influenced her
tribe′s role in the American Revolution.

C. Each lost a brother in the American Revolution.

D. Each went to England after the American Revolution.

11.
【答案】
C

【解析】这一段的中心意思是：无论美洲印第 安人在美国革命战争中支持谁，
最终他们都失去了他们自己的土地。文中举了两个例子来说明这一观点。



12.
【答案】
A

【解析】在第五句作者介绍说：
Mary Brant
是
Mohawk
整个
Iroquios
部落的
首领，是印第安事务主管
Sir William Johnson
的遗孀。这说明
Mary Brant
的丈夫曾是政府官员。

13.
【答案】
C

【解析】在第九句作者讲到：
Nancy Ward
在
Cherokee< br>民族掌权。这说明她是
属
Cherokee
部族。

14.
【答案】
A

【解析】在第十句讲到：
Nancy Ward
在与希腊的交战中作战勇猛，作为对她的
女英雄行为的奖赏，她成了“Beloved Woman” (“受人爱戴的女人”)。这个
职位使她成了妇女协会的头领及首领委员会的一个成员。 由此可知
Nancy Ward
是通过她的勇敢获得她的职位的。

15.
【答案】
B

【解析】这道题的题意为：
Mary Brant
和
Nancy Ward
有何共性。作者举这两
个例子最终要说 明的是，无论印第安人是支持英殖民者还是支持美国，最终都
没有得到应有的待遇。这两位领袖人物的行 为说明她们各自都用自己的行为影
响了各自部落在革命战争中的作用。

Passage 4

James Joyce was an Irish novelist who revolutionized the methods of
depicting characters and developing a plot in modern fiction. His
astonishing way of constructing a novel, his frank portrayal of human
nature in his books, and his complete command of English have made
him one of the outstanding influences on literature in the 20th
Century. Many critics judge that he is second only to Shakespeare in
his mastery of the English language. Joyce was deeply influenced by
Ireland and wrote all his books about Dublin.

When he was in DublinCollege, he studied languages and spent his
spare time reading books. He refused to take part in the nationalist
movement like his fellow students, but he became passionately
interested in literature. He wrote outspoken articles of literary
criticism that shocked his teachers and even taught himself Norwegian
so that he could read Ibsen′s works in the original.

When he graduated in 1902, he knew he would become a writer and an
exile, because he felt he could not be one without the other. In
order to preserve his ideal of writing truthfully, fully, and as
objectively as he knew how, about the people and places he knew best,
he had to escape from all temptations to become involved in popular
opinion or public life. He went to France, Italy and Switzerland,
where he lived in poverty and obscurity for the first 20 years, only
returning to Ireland when his mother was dying. Except for a couple
of brief trips, he stayed abroad all his life.

16. James Joyce was first of all a ___________.

A. revolutionary B. critic
C. novelist D. exile

17. James Joyce was famous for many reasons EXCEPT ___________.