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高考长难句
高考试卷中往往会出现对考生造成阅读困难的长句和难句，也包括既是长 句同时又是难句的句子。长
难句一般含有各种复杂句型，复杂句型里可能有多个从句，从句与从句之间的 关系可能包孕、嵌套，也可
能并列、平行。准确理解长难句是考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能。关于长难句 的分析技巧可以参考如下几
点：
1
找谓语，定主语
一 般情况下，
一个谓语动词对应其动作的发出者
（主语）
，
我们可以根据谓语动 词的意义来确定其主语。
当然句子里也可能会有并列谓语，由
and, but, or
等连接。
2
提主干、去枝叶（从句等）
我们知道 ，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主
干提炼不出来 ，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。
3
寻关联、辨逻辑
一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句，而这些并列句或 复合句之间需要一些关联词来连
接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够分辨出句与句之间的逻辑修或饰关 系。关联词包括并列连词如
and,
but,or, so
等和从属连词。从属连词 数量繁多，用于引导定语从句的叫关系代词和关系副词，如
who,
whom,whose, that,which,when,where
、
why< br>等；引导状语从句的连词有
when,while, as, since, until, as soon as,
because, if, unless, as/so long as, in case, as if, so…that, such…that, in order that, although/though, even if,
wh- ever
等；引导名词性从句的连词有
that, what, how, whether, if, who, which, whose, when, where, why
等。
4
看搭配、防分隔
有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个 搭配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象，包括插入语或介
词短语等。考生若受分隔现象的干扰而看 不清句子的本来面目，则对句意的理解就会发生偏差。
以下是
2013-2019< br>年高考全国卷阅读理解、
七选五和完形填空中出现的部分长难句。
阅读时请先分析句子的结构，即找出句子的主干，分析修饰成分或从句，然后准确理解句子的意义。译文附在句子后面，供参考。
高考长难句集锦
1.
Nicole
smith,
an
economist,
notes
that
with
the
rise
of
artificial
intelligence,
companies
producing
these
intelligent machines need help teaching them how to think more like and interact with human beings.
2.
This is mainly due to the belief that students who graduate with degrees in science,technology,engineering
and mathematics, known as STEM, are more likely to find well-paid jobs.
3.
While some Florida government officials doubt whether the climate will become hotter or colder, the people
living in the locations are certain of the need to protect their communities.
4.
To determine the age at which we stop seeking out new tunes
，
the auther gathered self- reported age data
from Spotify and looked at the users' taste profiles
，
which tracks how many times listeners have streamed
music of individual artists.
1
5.
Frank, a professor of psychology at Knox College, explains that that
’
s the
“
mere exposure effect
”
at work, and
it basically means, the more we
’
re exposed to something, the more we like it.
6.
In analyzing his and other research
，
Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to
positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too.
7.
Retesting of samples from patients with influenza-like symptoms at a hospital north of Paris found one that
tested positive for coronavirus from the end of last year, a finding described in a paper for the International
Journal of Antimicrobial Agents published this week.
8.
Travellers from the Chinese city of Wuhan, where the disease is thought to have originated, were probably
visiting the country in November or December, Anders Tegnell, told local media.
9.
The revival of China’s economy —
which contracted in the first quarter for the first time since the 1970s
—
has
been
hampered
by
a
handful
of
cluster
outbreaks,
each
being
met
with
new
lockdowns
that
damp
business activity.
中国经济在第一季度出现上世纪
70
年代以来的首次萎缩，其复苏受到了一些群体性感染的阻碍，每一
起群体性感染都 会招致新的封锁措施，使商业活动受到抑
10.
Likely
encouraged
by
the
Chinese
government’s
advice
to
clean
frequently
touched
surfaces
and
objects
regularly
to
prevent
the
spread
of
the
coronavirus,demand
for
home
cleaning
products
has
surged
dramatically.
11.
Like so many
home cooks in quarantine, after I
’
ve used up the green tops of
my
scallions,
I
drop
the
white,
hairy
roots
into
a
glass
of
water
to
regenerate,
feeling
pleased with my own sense of thrift and pragmatism.
和许多隔离中的家庭厨师一样，葱的绿色部分用完后 ，我会把长着根须的葱白放进一杯水里重新生长，为
自己的节俭务实感到欣喜。
12.
Connecting
to
the
community
（社区）
as
you
freely
give
your
time,
money,
skills,
or
services
provides
a
real
joy.
13.
Those
who
were
highest
in
status
in
high
school,
as
well
as
those
least
liked
in
elementary
school,
are
“
most
likely
to
engage
(
从事
)
in
dangerous
and
risky
behavior.
”
14.
Dr.
Prinstein
has
also
found
that
the
qualities
that
made
the
neighbors
want
you
on
a
play
date--sharing,
kindness,
openness--carry
over
to
later
years
and
make
you
better
able
to
relate
and
connect
with
others.
(2019
全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解
D)
(
宾语从句中含有定
语从句
)
15.
Now,
using
teeth
and
bone
pieces
taken
from
the
baby
’
s
grave,
scientists
have
compared
the
DNA
from
the
Unknown
Child
with
those
collected
from
members
of
five
families
who
lost
relatives
on
the
Titanic
and
never
recovered
the
bodies.
2
16.
He
likes
①
that
he
can
sit
and
check
his
phone
in
peace
or
chat
up
the
barkeeper
②
with
whom
he's
on
a
first- name
basis
③
if
he
wants
to
have
a
little
interaction
（交流）
.((2019< br>高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解
C)
(
①是宾语从句，②是定语从句，③是状语从句
)
17.
One
(reason)
was
that
I
was
amazed
at
the
fact
that
a
sick
person
could
feel
much
better
after
seeing
a
doctor.
(2019
高考全国卷
Ⅱ
短文改错< br>)(
表语从句中还含有一个同位语从句
)
1.
(2018
年全国卷
1
阅读
B)
And the
Good Morning Britain
presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her
own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.
译文：这位“早安，英国”的电视节目主持人说，她能够在自己的家里把许多学到 的东西付诸实践，为
14
岁的儿子山姆，
13
岁的芬恩和
11
岁的杰克准备膳食。
2 ((2018
年全国卷
1
阅读
C)
The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet
zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.
译文：
一般的规律是，温和地带的通常为许多人所使 用的语言相对较少，而炎热潮湿地带的语言较多，通
常为少数人所使用。
3 ((2018
年全国卷
1
完形填空
)
In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would
learn in class to our future professions and ,eventually, to our lives.
译文：
按照其他标准，要让这门课过关，我们必须写一篇论文，论述我们如何计划将 所学的知识运用到将
来的职业中，最终，运用到我们的生活中。
4((2018
年全国卷
2
阅读
A)
Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park
，
staying until late to see
the parade and the fireworks.
译文：周四，我们短途旅行去巴黎，游览巴黎迪斯尼乐园，晚些时候，我们观看游行和烟花。
5 ((2018
年全国卷
2
阅读
B)
When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling
fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”.
译文：
当冰冻香蕉和其他莓类或水果片混合时，就会成 为制作浓郁冰凉果昔和低脂肪“冰淇淋”的不错的
主要底料。
6 ((2018
年全国卷
2
阅读
C)
According to the report's key findings, “the proportion(
比例
) who say they
‘
n
ever’
or
‘hardly ever’
read for fun
has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent
respectively today.”
译文：
根据这个报告的重要发现，
“那些说他们 从来或者几乎不以读书为乐趣的人的比例分别从
1984
年的
13
岁中的8%
，
17
岁中的
9%
上升到了现在的
22%
和
27%
。
”
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