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2010-2018年英语高考全国卷中长难句及解析

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2021-01-26 03:48
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2021年1月26日发(作者:元友让)

2010-2018
年全国卷长难句

1

(2018
全国卷
1
阅读
B)
And
the Good
Morning
Britain
presenter
says
she's
been
able
to
put
a
lot
of
what
she's
learnt
into
practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.
译文:

这位“早安,英国”的电视节目主持 人说,她能够在自己的家里把许多学到的东西付诸
实践,为
14
岁的儿子山姆,
13
岁的芬恩,和
11
岁的杰克准备膳食。

分析:这是一个多重复合句,主句
And the Good Morning Britain presenter says
后面跟的是省略

that
的宾语从句。
宾语从句本身也是复合句,
其中
what she's learnt
也是宾语从句,
preparing meals
for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11

-ing
形式做伴随状语。


2

(2018
全国卷
1
阅读
C)
The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while
hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.

译文:一般的规律是,温和地带的通 常为许多人所使用的语言相对较少,而炎热潮湿地带的语
言较多,通常为少数人所使用。
分析:
这是一个复合句,
句中
that
引导一个表语从句;
从句 中
often spoken by many people

often
spoken by small numbers

-ed
形式做定语,
分别修饰
few langu ages

lots

同时
while
在句中做并列
连词,意为“然而”
,表示对比。


3

(2018
全国卷
1
七选五
)
A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you

ll love to
live in.

译文:懂得这样处理自己居所的颜色选择是营造你喜爱房间的关键步骤之一。

分析:
这是一个主从复合句。
you

ll love to live in
修饰先行词
rooms,
省略了关系代词
that/whi ch

steps
后的
to
是介词,所以跟
-ing
形式
creating



4

(2018
全国卷
1
完形填空
)
In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what
we would learn in class to our future professions and ,eventually, to our lives.
译文:按照其他标准,要让这门课过关,我们必须写一篇论文,论述我们如何计划将所学的知
识 运用到将来的职业中,最终,运用到我们的生活中。

分析:这是一个主从复合句。
how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to ...
用作介词
on
的宾语从句,其中
what we would learn in class to...
又用作
apply
的宾语从句。
In order to pass the class
为动词不定式短语作目的状语,
among other criteria
为介词短语,作方式状语。


5

(2018
全国卷
1
语法填空
)
While
running
regularly
can

t
make
you
live
forever,
the
review
says
it
is
more
effective
at
lengthening lifethan walking, cycling or swimming.
译文:虽然定期跑步并不能让你长生不老,但该评论称,它比散步、骑车或游泳更能延长寿命。

分析:
这是一个主从复合句。
While
引导的是一个让步状语从句,
这里相当于
Although

the review
says
后面跟的是宾语从句,省略了连词
that


1



6

(2018
全国卷
2
阅读
A)
Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park

staying
until late to see the parade and the fireworks.
译文:周四,我们短途旅行去巴黎,游览巴黎迪斯尼乐园,晚些时候,我们观看游行和烟花。

分析:这是一个主从复合句。
where we will visit Disneyland Paris park
是一个定语从句修饰先行

Paris

staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks

-ing
形式做伴随状语。另外,本句的主
句部分
Thursday sees ...
运用了拟人的修辞格。


7

(2018
全国卷
2
阅读
B)
When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick,
cooling fruit shakes and low fat

ice cream

.

译文:当冰冻香蕉和其他莓 类或水果片混合时,就会成为制作浓郁冰凉果昔和低脂肪“冰淇淋”
的不错的主要底料。

分析:这个句子的主干是

frozen bananas make an excellent base

When combined with berries or
slices of other fruits
是一个
-ed
形式用作时间状语。


8

(2018
全国卷
2
阅读
C)
According to the report's key findings,

the proportion(
比例
) who say they

never


or

hardly ever

read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent
and 27 percent respectively today.


译文:
根据这个报告的重要发现,
“那些说他们从 来或者几乎不以读书为乐趣的人的比例分别从
1984
年的
13
岁中的
8%

17
岁中的
9%
上升到了现在的
22%

27%



分析:这是一个主从复合句。句子主语是
the proportion
,谓语是
has gone

who say they

never


or

hardly ever

read for fun
是一个定语从句修饰先行词
the proportion

say
后面跟了一个省略了
that
的宾语从句。


9

(2018
全国卷
2
阅读
C)
The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and
important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.

译文:报告中所分享的最令人鼓舞的数据是:在阅读方面,父母是孩子的榜样和重要的楷模。

分析:
这是一个主从复合句。
句子的主干是
The most hopeful data shows clear evidence

shared in
the report

-ed
形式用作定语修饰
data< br>。
when it comes to reading
是一个时间状语从句。


10

(2018
全国卷
2
阅读
D)
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even
exist if it weren't for casual conversation.
译文:认为闲谈不重要而不予考虑很容易,但是我们不要忘记,如果没有 随意的的聊天,就不
会有深入的人际关系。

分析:这是一个由
but
连接的两个并列句,第一个并列句中
Dismissing small talk as unimportant
是主语;第二个并列句中
forget
后跟了一个
that
引导的宾语从句,其中还含有一个
if
引导的条件状
语从句,这里是虚拟语气。

2



11

(2018
全国卷
2
七选五
)
Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.
译文:锻炼会让你更加神清气爽,更好地应对一天当中发生的任何事情。

分析:

handle
后跟了一个
whatever
引导的 宾语从句,并且在句中作主语。


12

(2017
年全 国
1
卷阅读理解
A

)
It

s
an
amazing
accomplishment
and
one
we
cannot
achieve
without
generous
support
from
individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.
译文:这是一个惊人的成就,一个没有来自个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨的支持我们就不
可能取得的 成就。

分析:本句为复合句。其中,
one
指代前面的
accom plishment
,后面为定语从句,修饰先行词
one
,且从句使用了
c annot

without
表示双重否定。


13
(2017
年全国
1
卷阅读理解
D

)
Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up


and out


the side of the hole.
译文:接着把管子放在恰当的位置,使得管子 的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的其余部分向上
延伸到坑的外部。

分析:本句为复合句。主句
lay the tube in place
为祈使句;
so that
引导目的状语从句,从句

and
连接的并列句。


14

(2017
年全国
1
卷阅读七选五
)
If
anyone
had
told
me
three
years
ago
that
I
would
be
spending
most
of
my
weekends
camping,
I
would have laughed heartily.
译文:如果三年前有人告诉我会用大部分的周末时间来野营,我会狂笑不已。

分析: 本句为主从复合句。
if
引导的是条件状语从句,因表示对与过去事实相反的假设,所以本句< br>中条件句使用过去完成时。此外从句中包含了一个
that
引导宾语从句。


15

(2017
年全国
1
卷完形填空
)
Little did I know that I would discover my love for ASL.
译文:我不知道我竟然会爱上美式手语。

分析:此句 为倒装句,
little
为否定词,当否定词位于句首时,句子要使用部分倒装。


16

(2017
年全国
1
卷完形填空
)
What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past.
译文:我所看到的和我之前经历的完全不同。

分析:此句中
what
引导的是主语从句,作句子的主语。此外,
I
had
experienced
in
the
past
为定语从句,修饰先行词
anything


3


17

(2017
年全国
1
卷完形填空
)
Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less.

译文:相反,如果有任何交谈,那会导致我们学到较少的东西。


分析:本 句为复合句。
if
引导的是虚拟条件句,表示对过去的虚拟,所以本句中条件状语从句
使用过去完成时
there had been
;主句使用“
would have done
”结构。


18

(2017
年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解
A

)
By translating the rich and humourous text of Love

s Labour

s Lost into the physical language of
BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare

s comedy and aims to build a bridge
between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.
译文:通过把《爱的徒劳》那丰富、幽默的文本翻译成手语,
Deafinitely
剧院创造了一种对莎
士比亚喜剧新的解释,通过向失聪人群和听力健全人群演出,旨在在失聪和有声世 界之间搭建一座
桥梁。

分析:在本句中,
By translating ... BSL
为方式状语,
and
连接
creates

aims
两个动词作
并列谓语。


19

(2017
年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解
B

)
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had
its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and
live TV.
(同位语从句、让步状语从句)

译文:拍电影和四年后出演
The Sting
的经历所建立起来的友谊源于一个事实:尽管我们存在年
龄差距,但我们都源自戏剧 和直播电视的传统。

分析:本句的主干是
The
friendship
had
its
root
in
the
fact.
。其中,
grew
out
of...
la ter

that
引导的定语从句,修饰先行词
friendship
;后面的
although
there
was
...
live
TV

that
引导的同位语从句,解释说明
f act
的内容。此外,同位语从句中还包含了一个
although
引导的让
步状语从句。


20

(2017
年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解
B

)
We shared the belief that if you

re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back


he with his Newman

s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me
with Sundance and the institute and the festival.
(同位语从句、条件状语从句、定语从句)

译文:我们有着这样的信念—如果足够幸运获得成功,就应该有所回馈。他成立了

Newman

s
Own
食品公司和为病重孩子成立了
Hole in the Wall camps
夏令营,
而我成立了圣丹斯协会和电影节。

分析:本句中,that
引导同位语从句,解释说明
belief
的内容;同位语从句中包含了一 个
if
引导的条件状语从句;破折号后出现了一个
who
引导的定语从句,修 饰先行词
kid



21

(2017
年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解
C

)
Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to
fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet .
译文:
Terrafugia
说机主需要通过测试并且完成
20
个小时的飞行时间才能驾驶

Transition
,这
一要求对于飞行员来说相对容易满足。

分析:
本句中
a
requirement
为同位语,
是对前面内容作补充说明,
pilots
would
find
relatively
easy to meet
是定语从句, 省略了充当宾语的关系代词
that/which
,修饰先行词
requiremen t.
4



22

(2017
年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解
D

)
Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting
bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. (
宾语从句、非谓语动词、定
语从句
)
译文:早在
1983
年,杰克·舒尔茨和伊恩·鲍德温两个科学家报道说被昆虫咬的年轻枫树释放
会一种邻近的植物能够获 得的特殊气味。

分析:
本句中
that
引导宾语从句,

reported
的宾语,
从句中包含一个
that
引导的定语从句 ,
修饰先行词
smell

getting bitten by insects
为现在分词作后置定语,修饰
maple trees



23

(2017
年全国Ⅱ卷阅读七选五
)
If someone knocks and it

s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you

re
busy so they can get the hint (
暗示)
that when the door is closed, you

re not to be disturbed.
译文 :如果有人敲门,并且不是什么重要的事情,那就礼貌地谢绝,让别人知道你很忙,这样
他们就会得到暗 示,当门关着的时候,你不想被打扰。

分析:本句为
if
引导条件状语从句 。在主句中,
you

re
busy

know
的宾语从句;
so
引导结果状
语从句,在结果状语从句中包含一个
that< br>引导同位语从句,解释说明
hint
的内容。同时同位语从
句又包含了一个when
引导时间状语从句,因此句子的主句为
you

re not to be disturbed.



24

(2017
年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解
B

)
Bradford
sold
the
building
and
land
to
a
local
development
firm,
which
plans
to
build
a
shopping
complex on the land where the theater is located.
(定语从句)

译文:布拉德福德 把建筑物和土地卖给了一家当地的开发商,这家开发商打算在电影院所在的
土地上建一个购物中心。
分析:本句中
which
引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词
a local development firm
;此外,
定语从句中又包含一个
wh ere
引导的定语从句。


25

(2017
年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解
D

)
The
Intelligent
Transport
team
at
Newcastle
University
have
turned
an
electric
car
into
a
mobile
laboratory
named

DriveLAB


in
order
to
understand
the
challenges
faced
by
older
drivers
and
to
discover where the key stress points are.

译文:纽卡斯尔大学的智能运输团队已经把电动汽车转变成名叫“
DriveLAB
” 的移动实验室,
目的是了解老年人司机面临的挑战和发现关键的问题所在。

分析:非谓语动词、宾语从句


26

(2017
年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解
D

)
For
many
older
people,
particularly
those
living
alone
or
in
the
country,
driving
is
important
for
preserving
their
independence,
giving
them
the
freedom
to
get
out
and
about
without
having
to
rely
on
others.
译文:对于很多老年人来说,特别是那些独自居住在乡间的老 年人,驾驶对于保持他们(老年
人)的独立性是非常重要的,这也给了他们出行而不用依赖他人的自由。


5


27

(2017
年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解
D

)
Research shows that giving
up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being
among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated (
隔绝
) and inactive.
译文:研究表明,放弃驾驶是导致老年人健康状况下降的主要原因之一,导致他们变得更加隔
绝 和懒散。

分析:
that
引导宾语从句,
宾语从句中
giving
up
driving
为动名词短语作主语,
leading
to...
作现在分词作状语。


28

(2017
年全国Ⅲ卷完形填空
)
Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything in return and that the woman who uses the
extra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on her own.
译文:
Axani
在他的帖中说:他并不是寻求任何回报,使用这张多余机票的女士 可以选择与他
一起旅行,或者拿走机票自己旅行。

分析:
本句中,
that
?
and
that
?是并列的两个宾语从句,

wrote
的宾语,
who
uses
the
extra
ticket
为定语从句,修饰先行词
the woman



29

(2016
全国新课标甲卷阅读理解
B

)

His
presence
meant
that
I
had
an
unexpected
teaching
assistant
in
class
whose
creativity
would
infect(
感染
) other students.
译文:他的出现意味着课堂上我有一个意料之外的教学助手,他的创造力会感染其他学生。
< br>分析:
本句为复合句;
that
引导的是宾语从句,

mea nt
的宾语;
在宾语从句中包含了由
whose
引导的定语从句,关系词whose
在从句中作定语,表示所属关系。


30

(2016
全国新课标甲卷阅读理解
C

)
Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far
and wide with each new reader who finds it.
译文:然后,大家可以把它(书)留在一个公共场合,希望这本书经历一 场冒险,随着每个发
现它的新读者来一场遥远广阔的旅行。

分析:
Then the person leaves it in a public place
为句子的主干,
hoping that...
是现
在分词作伴随 状语,
that
引导的是宾语从句,
在宾语从句中又包含了一个现在分词短语
traveling...
作伴随状语;
此外,
在后一个伴随状语中还包含了一个由< br>who
引导的定语从句,
修饰先行词
reader



31

(2016
全国新课标甲卷阅读理解
D

)
Shackleton, a
onetime
British
merchant-navy
officer
who
had got
to
within
100
miles
of
the
South
Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.
译文:
Shackleton
,一 个曾经的英国上船船队军官,在
1908
年到达过距离南极点不足
100
英里
的地方,在他
1914
年航海前开始做生意来从电影和摄影中赚钱。

分析:
Shackleton
started
a
business.
为句子主干,
a
onetime
British
merchant-navy
officer

Shackleton
的同位语,同时作定语从句
who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole
in 1908
的先行词,
before his 1914 voyage
为时间状语,
to make...
为不定式作目的状语。


6


32

(2016
全国新课标甲卷阅读理解
D

)
Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to
make the images, most of which have never before been published..
译文:
Frank Hurley
,一个自信的,有天赋的,对南极洲有了解的澳大利 亚摄影师,被雇佣去拍
照,其中大部分图片以前从未被发表过。

分析:
Frank
Hurley
was
hired.
为句子主干,
a
confident
and
gifted
Australian
photographer

Frank Hurley
的同位语,同时作定语从句
who knew the Antarctic
的先行词,
to make...
为不
定式短语作目的状 语,此外,还有一个
which
引导的非限制定语从句,修饰先行词
images


33

(2016
全国新课标甲卷阅读七选五
)
It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world
and how you approach the gardening process.
译文:
它始于窥探自己的内心,
和明白就自 然界而言你是谁,
以及如何处理园艺工作流程。

with
respect to
“就……而言,关于”





It
starts
with
looking
inside
yourself
and
understanding






understanding
后有
who

how
引导的两个宾语从句。


34

(2016
全国新课标甲卷完形填空
)
The woman sitting at the desk, seeing my madness, sympathetically jumped up.
译文:坐在桌子旁的她,看到了我疯狂的举动,同情地跳了起来。

分析:本句的主干为
The
woman
jumped
up

sitting
at
the
desk
为现在分词短语作后置定语,
seeing my madness
为原因状语。


35

(2016
全国新课标甲卷完形填空
)
It could be anything
——
gardening, cooking, music, sports
——
but whatever it is, make sure it

s a
relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
译文:它 可以是任何事——园艺活、做饭、音乐或是运动——但是不管是什么事,一定要确保
它是一件放松日常压 力而不是另外一件需要担心的事情。

分析:本句是由
but
连接的两个并列 分句,在后一个分句中含有一个
whatever
引导的状语从句,主
句是一个祈使句 。


36

(2016
全国新课标乙卷阅读理解
A

)
If it weren

t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.
译文:如果不是
Rachel Carson
的话,今天的环保运动就可能不会存在。

分析:本句为复合句,主句为
the environmental movement might not exist today

if
引导
条件状语从句。注 意本句使用了虚拟语气,表示对现在的虚拟。


37

( 2016
全国新课标乙卷阅读理解
B

)
Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say yes.
译文:经过一年友好的协商之后,
Garza
女士才最终同意。

7

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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