国际贸易实务英文名词解释(英to英)

2021年1月26日发(作者：cocks)
国际贸易实务英文名词解释（英
to
英）


What’s International Trade?

The
international

trade
is
the
exchange
of
goods
and
services
produced
in

one
country for goods and services produced

in another country.

EXPORTING
Exporting is the process of earning money by providing the right product at the right price at
the right time in the right place beyond your home boundary. The ultimate goal is to make sure
that the exporter is to be paid for the goods he sells.

EXW
EXW means

the seller delivers when he places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at
the seller’s

premises

(
法定地址
) or another named place. The seller doesn’t not declare the
goods for export and he needn’t

load goods on any collecting vehicle.


FAS
Free alongside ship means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the
vessel at named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of the
goods from that moment.

FOB
Free on Board means the seller de
livers when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the named
port of shipment. This means

that the buyer has to bear all the costs and risks from that point.
The FOB terms require the seller to clear the goods for export.

CFR





Cost
and
freight

means
that
the
seller
delivers
when
the
goods
pass
ship’s
rail
at
the
named port of shipment

CIF




CIF means that the seller bears the same obligations as under CFR. In additional that he has
to procure marine insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss or damage to the goods during
the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance and pay the insurance premium.

FCA, Free carrier (…Named place)

It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has handed over the goods,
cleared for export, into the custody of the carrier named by the buyer at the named place or
point. If no precise point is indicated by the buyer, the seller may choose within the place or
range
stipulated
where
the
carrier
shall
take
charge
of
the
goods.
When,
according
to
commercial
practices,
the
seller’s
assistance
is
required
in
making
the
contract
with
the
carrie
r, the seller may act at the buyer’s risk and expenses.


CPT, Carriage paid to (…named place of destination)
运费付至（
…
指定目的地）


It
means
that
the
seller
pays
the
freight
for
the
carriage
of
the
goods
to
the
named
destination, the risk of, loss of, or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs
due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered to the carrier, is
transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been delivered into the
custody of the carrier.


CIP
, Carriage
and insurance paid to (…named place of destination)
运费保险费付至
（
…
指定目的
地）

It means that the seller has the same obligations as under CPT but with the addition that
the seller has to procure cargo insurance against the buyer’s risk of, loss of, or damage to
the
goods
during
the
carriage.


The
seller
contracts
for
insurance
and
pays
the
insurance premium.


DES, Delivered Ex Ship(…named port of destination)
船上交货（
…
指定目的港）


It means that the seller shall make the goods available to the buyer on board the ship at the
destination named in the sales contract. The seller has to bear the full cost and risks involved
in bringing the goods there.


DEQ, Delivered ex Quay(…names port
of destination)
码头交货（
…
指定目的港）

It
means
that
the
seller
makes
the
goods
available
to
the
buyer
on
the
quay
at
the
destination
named
in
the
sales
contract.
The
seller
has
to
bear
the
full
cost
and
risks
involved on bringing the goods there.


DDU, Delivered
Duty Unpaid (…named place of destination)
未完税交货（
…
指定目的地）

It
means
that
the
seller
fulfils
his
obligation
to
deliver
when
the
goods
have
been
made
available
at
the
named
place
in
the
country
of
importation.
The
seller
has
to
bear
all
the
costs and risks involved in bringing the goods there, as well as the cost and risk of carrying
out customs formalities for export. The buyer has to pay any additional costs and bear any
risks caused by his failure to clear the goods for import in time.


DDP
，
Delivered Duty
Paid(…named place of destination)
完税后交货（
…
指定目的地）

It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made
available at the named place in the country of importation. The seller has to bear all the
risks
and
costs
including
duties,
taxes
and
other
charges
for
delivering
the
goods,
clearing for importation. It represents the maximum obligation borne by the seller.



DAF, Delivered At Frontier (…named place)
边境交货（
…
指定地点）

It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made
available, cleared for export, at the named point of place at the frontier, but before the
customs border of the country named in the sales contract.


Quality of goods
The quality of goods refers to the outward appearance and the essential quality of the goods,
such
as
shape,
structure,
color,
flavors
well
as
chemical
composition,
physical
and
mechanical
property, biological feature, international trade, quality of the goods not only concerns the
value
in
use
and
the
price
of
the
goods,
but
also
concerns
the
sales
of
the
goods
and
credit
standing of the manufacturer.

Sale by samples.

The sample refers to the article which can be used to represent the quality of the whole
lot. Sale by sample includes tree cases, i.e.,
sale by the seller’s sample and sale, sale by
the buyer’s sample and sale by counter sample


Sale by actual quality:
（

以实际品质交货）



In this case, the buyer or his agent examines the goods at seller’s place at first.
After
they conclude a deal, the seller shall deliver the goods according to the goods examined.

Sale by description:
（以说明表示）


In
international
business,
most
commodities
are
suitable
to
sale
by
description
which
can be subdivided into 7 kinds

Sale by specification:
（凭规格买卖）


The specification of the goods refers to certain main indicators which indicate the quality
of the goods, such as composition, content, purity, size, length, etc.

Sale by grade:
（凭等级买卖）

The grade of the goods refers to the classifications of the commodity of the goods which
is
indicated
by
words,
numbers
or
symbols.
The
classifications
are
usually
decided
by
different qualities, weights, compositions, appearances, properties, etc.

Sale by standard:
（凭标准买卖）

The standard refers to the specifications or grades which are stipulated and announced
by the government or the chambers of commerce, etc.

F.A.Q.:
（良好平均品质）

In
the
international
agricultural
and
by- product
market,
there
is
a
commonly
adopted
standard,
i.e.,
fair
average
quality.
F.A.Q.
refers
to
the
average
level
of
the
export
commodity within a certain period of time.

Sale by brand name or trademark:
凭商标品牌买卖

As
to
the
goods
whose
quality
is
stable,
reputation
is
sound
and
with
which
the
customers are quite familiar, we may sell it by brand name or trade mark.(
奔驰汽车
)

Sale by name of origin:
凭产地名称买卖

There are some agricultural products and by-products whose origins are well- known all
over the world.

Sale by description:
凭说明书和图样买卖

The quality of some commodities, such as technological instruments, electric machines,
etc.
can
not
be
simply
indicated
by
quality
indexes,
instead
it
is
quite
necessary
to
explain in detail the structure, material, performance as well as method of operation. If
necessary, pictures, photos, etc. must also be provided.

Quality Tolerance
品质公差

The quality tolerance is used in the trade of industrial products, which means that the
quality of the goods delivered by the seller is allowed to have certain differences within a
certain range since such differences are usually unavoidable and commonly accepted as
the
usage
of
the
same
special
trade.
Quality
tolerance
is
mainly
used
for
industrial
products
Quality latitude
品质机动幅度

The quality latitude means that the quality indexes of the goods delivered by the seller
may be controlled flexibly within a certain latitude.


The

packing

of goods
In
international
trade
packing
is
one
of
the
essential
component
parts
of
commodity
production. Generally speaking, only packed commodities can enter into the circulation field, and
attain the commercial value and use value of the goods. Packing can protect commodity and keep
it good in quality and intact in quantity in the circulation process.

Neutral packing and brand designated by the buyer
中性包装和定牌

It
means
that
there
is
neither
a
name
of
the
origin,
nor
a
name
of
the
factory,
nor
a
trade
mark,
a
brand,
or
even
any
words
on
the
packing
of
the
commodity
and
the
commodity itself. It includes two kinds: packing with trade mark designated by the buyer
but
without
the
mark
of
the
manufacturers
and
origins
packing

and
without
trade
mark and origins as well as the mark of the manufacturers

Brand designated by the buyer:

It
means
that
the
seller
addresses
the
trade
mark
or
brand

on
the
package
of
the
commodity or the commodity itself as buyer’s request.
定牌是指卖方按买方要求在其出售的商品或包装上标明买方指定的商标或品牌，这
种做法叫定牌生产 。


Shipping mark:
运输标志

这种标志又称唛头，通常是由一个简单的几何图形和一些字母、数字及简单的丈字
组成。

It
is
usually
made
up
of
geometrical
diagrams,
letters,
figures
and
simple
words.
The
contents of shipping mark are as follows:
nee’s code or Consignor’s code

2. Reference Number
ation
e number
The shipping mark also include the contract number, gross and net weight, origin, etc..



Indicative mark:
（指示性标志）

This
kind
of
mark
is
used
to
reminder
the
relative
workers
of
the
items
for
attention
when they load, unload, carry and store the goods, such as ‘ handle with care’, ‘keep dry’
etc.


Warning mark:

（警告性标志）

It
is
also
called
dangerous
cargo
mark,
which
is
brushed
clearly
and
definitely
on
the
shipping packing of the inflammable, explosive, poisonous, corrosive goods, so as to give
warnings to the workers.

Commodity Inspection

The
inspection
of
commodities
refers
to
that
inspection
institutions
should
examine
the
quality, quantity, packing, etc. of commodities delivered by the seller in order to make sure that
the
goods
are
exactly
in
conformity
with
the
terms
of
sales
contract
or
the
stipulations
of
documentary credit.


International Cargo Transportation
The international cargo transportation refers to the act of the seller delivering the contracted
cargoes at the agreed time, place and in the agreed manners, to the buyer (Physical delivery
of
goods).
Actually,
in
modern
business
society,
international
cargo
transportation
also
means
to
transfer
the
shipping
documents
at
the
stipulated
time
to
the
buyer
(Symbolic
delivery of goods).

Tramp(Shipping by chartering)
租船运输






It means a freight-carrying vessel which has no regular route or schedule of sailings or port or
freight. The shipper charters ship from the shipowner and uses it to carry the goods. It falls
into 3 kinds:

Natural calamities
自然灾害


They
are
caused
by
the
forces
resulting
from
the
changes
of
nature,
e.g.,
vile
weather,
thunder, lightning, tsunami(/tsu'n
ɑ
:mi/)(
海啸
), earthquake, flood, etc.



Fortuitous accidents:
意外事故


They
include
accidents
resulting
from
unexpected
causes,
the
carrying
conveyance
being
grounded,
stranded,
or
in
collision
with
floating
ice
or
other
objects,
as
well
as
fire
or
explosion.