考研英语(翻译)-试卷11

2021年1月26日发(作者：滤菌器)
考研英语（翻译）
-
试卷
11
(
总分：
60.00
，做题时间：
90
分钟
)
一、
Reading Comprehension(
总题数：
6
，分数：
60.00)
1.
Section II Reading Comprehension
（分数：
10.00
）

______ __________________________________________________ __________________________________
解析：

2.
Part
CDirections:
Read
the
following
text
carefully
and
then
translate
the
underlined
segments
into Chinese.
（分数：
10.00
）

___________ __________________________________________________ _____________________________
解析：

【
F1
】
Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who
live
through
a
divorce
do
not
behave
in
the
same
way.
The
specific
behavior
depends
on
the
child
individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender.
【
F2
】
In terms
of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easygoing, children described as
temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they
have more difficulty
adapting
to
life change in
general. Stress,
such as that
found
in disrupted
families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings,
the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of
stress may
actually help an
easygoing, relaxed child
learn to cope
with
adversity. There is some
relationship between age and children
【
F3
】
As the child
grows
older,
the
greater
is
the
likelihood
of
a
free
expression
of
a
variety
of
complex
feelings,
an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be
attributed to any one simple cause. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of
abandonment
diminishes
after
the
age
of
8,
and
the
confusion
and
fear
of
the
young
child
is
replaced
in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection. Gender of the child is also a factor
that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on
boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in
interpersonal
relationships,
and
exhibit
problem
behaviors
both
at
home
and
at
school.
Furthermore,
the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls
adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by
the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter
adolescence
and
adulthood.
How
can
the
relatively
greater
impact
of
divorce
on
boys
than on
girls
be
explained?
【
F4
】

The
greater
male
aggression
and
noncompliance
may
reflect
the
fact
that
such
behaviors
are
tolerated
and
even
encouraged
in
males
in
our
culture
more
than
they
are
in
females.
Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self- control, as well
as
for
a
strong
disciplinarian
parent.
【
F5
】

Finally,
boys
are
more
likely
to
be
exposed
to
their
parents
fights
than
girls
are,
and
after
the
breakup,
boys
are
less
likely
than
girls
to
receive
sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers.
（分数：
10.00
）

(1).
【
F1
】（分数：
2.00
）

__________________________________________________ ________________________________________
正确答案：
(
正确答案：
尽管父母离异普遍对孩子有负面影响，但不是所有经历父母离异的孩子都 会有一样
的行为反应，记住这一点很重要。
)
解析：

(2).
【
F2
】（分数：
2.00
）

__________________________________________________ ________________________________________
正确答案：
(
正确答案：
在个性方面，
那些被认为喜怒无常和性格急躁的孩子与个性温和 又容易相处的孩子
相比，更难以应对父母的离异，因为他们一般更难以适应生活上的变化。
)
解析：

(3).
【
F3
】（分数：
2.00
）

__________________________________________________ ________________________________________
正确答案：
(
正确答案：随着孩子年龄的增长，他们更可能自由表达各种各样复杂的感情，更可能理解这些
情感，也更能意识到父母离异的决定不能归结于任何一个简单的原因。
)
解析：

(4).
【
F4
】（分数：
2.00
）

__________________________________________________ ________________________________________
正确答案：
(
正确答案：
男孩更具攻击性和不驯服可能反映这样一个事实，在我们的文化中这种行 为发生在
男孩身上更容易得到宽容与鼓励。
)
解析：

(5).
【
F5
】（分数：
2.00
）

__________________________________________________ ________________________________________
正确答案：
(
正确答案：最后，与女孩相比，男孩更容易看到父母吵架，而且，在父母离异后，他们也不大
可能像女孩那样受到母亲、老师或者同龄人的同情和支持。
)
解析：

The provision of positive incentives to work in the new society will not be an easy task.
【
F1
】

But the most difficult task of all is to devise the ultimate and final sanction to replace the
ultimate sanction of hunger
—
the economic whip of the old dispensation. Moreover, in a society
which
rightly
rejects
the
pretence
of
separating
economics
from
politics
and
denies
the
autonomy
of the economic order, that sanction can be found only in some conscious act of society. We can
no
longer
ask
the
invisible
hand
to
do
our
dirty
work
for
us.
I
confess
that
I
am
less
horror-struck
than some people at the prospect, which seems to me unavoidable, of an ultimate power of what
is called direction of labour resting in some arm of society, whether in an organ of state or
of trade unions. I should indeed be horrified if I identified this prospect with a return to the
conditions
of
the
pre-capitalist
era.
The
economic
whip
of
laissez-faire
undoubtedly
represented
an advance on the serf-like conditions of that period: in that relative sense, the claim of
capitalism to have established for the first time a system of
【
F2
】
But the direction of labour as exercised in Great Britain in the Second World War seems
to
me
to
represent
as
great
an
advance
over
the
economic
whip
of
the
heyday
of
capitalist
private
enterprise as the economic whip represented over pre-capitalist serfdom. Much depends on the
effectiveness of the positive incentives, much, too, on the solidarity and self-discipline of
the
community.
After
all,
under
the
system
of
laissez- faire
capitalism
the
fear
of
hunger
remained
an ultimate sanction rather than a continuously operative force.
【
F3
】
It would have been
intolerable
if
the
worker
had
been
normally
driven
to
work
by
conscious
fear
of
hunger;
nor,
except
in
the
early
and
worst
days
of
the
Industrial
Revolution,
did
that
normally
happen.
【
F4
】

Similarly
in
the
society
of
the
future
the
power
of
direction
should
be
regarded
not
so
much
as
an
instrument
of daily use but rather as an ultimate sanction held in reserve where voluntary methods fail.
It is inconceivable that, in any period or in any conditions that can now be foreseen, any organ
of state in Great Britain would be in a position, even if it had the will, to marshal and deploy
the labour force over the whole economy by military discipline like an army in the field.
【
F5
】

This,
like
other
nightmares
of
a
totally
planned
economy,
can
be
left
to
those
who
like
to
frighten
themselves and others with scarecrows.
（分数：
10.00
）

(1).
【
F1
】（分数：
2.00
）

__________________________________________________ ________________________________________
正确答案：
(
正确答案：
然而最困难的是找到一种最严厉的处罚来取代饥饿处罚——旧的分配方式 中的经济
激励手段。
)
解析：

(2).
【
F2
】（分数：
2.00
）