考研英语(一)新题型小标题的答题方式

2021年1月26日发(作者：完整)
考研英语
(
一
)
新题型小标题的
答题方式











































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作者：

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日期：






2



考研英语
(
一
)
新题 型小标题题的答题方式
.
针对每一段文字，读出每段主题或核心意思，
并分清题目属于 哪一类的题型，从而采取不同的方法做答。

答题完毕后，应参看下面的段
落，有助于 对答案进行检验。另外，有些段落的答案，在下面的几段文字中会原文重现。



(
一
)
小标题的解题思路



(1)
通读一遍短文，使自己对全文的内容有一个大致的了解。



(2)
针对每一段文字，读出每段主题或核心意思，并分清题目属于哪一类的题型，从而采取不同的方法做答。



(3)
答题完毕后，
应 参看下面的段落，
有助于对答案进行检验。
另外，
有些段落的答案，
在下面的 几段文字中会原文重现。



(
二
)
小标题题的答题方式



1.
主题暗示题



(1)
分析主题句后归纳。



例
1.


Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959. A president, elected to a
four
year term, is head of state, and a prime minister is head of government. The
president used to be elected by Parliament, but by a 1991 constitutional amendment (
修正
案
), the president is now elected directly by the people. The Parliament is the
law
making body with its 81 members popularly elected.


(Answer:About State System of Singapore)


在做这一题型时，< br>要学会在文章及段落中找到中心句，
即作者要表达的思想。
这种题型
在整个考试 中出现的频率是很高的。



主题句出现的位置往往在段首或段尾。在第一 句中，可以看到新加坡是按照
1959
年修
正后的宪法来治国的。
在后面的叙 述中，
前两句主语都是总统，
而最后的一句的主语是议会。
显然后面这几句是对主题句 ——第一句的详细说明。
由此可以看出，
小标题应该是新加坡的
国家体制问题。



例
2.


Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of
imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviours of some animals, the changes
in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display
special pattern before major earthquakes happen.


(Answer: Indications of Possible Earthquakes)


本段的第一句即为主题句，讲的是人们观察到即将发生地震时一些可能出现的迹象，
此
后的内容讲的都是各种各样的预 兆、
迹象。
因此可以判断该小标题是指可能发生地震时的种
种“现象”“征兆”。


例
3.


Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are
plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily
goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better
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for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing
ships, trade was on a small scale.


(Answer:Role of Transport in Trade Development)


第 一句话谈到了交通运输是对贸易发展的一大帮助，
接下来的几句进一步补充说明了交
通运输对贸 易发展所起的作用，
是对第一句主题句的详细说明，
归纳起来本段小标题讲的是
交通在 贸易发展中起的作用。



(2)
理解段落主题句并用“原形复 现”或“同
(
近
)
义替换法”。



例
1. in Paris


Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the
nation
s manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan areas. Industries of consumer
goods have always been down to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and
modern, high
technology industries also have become numerous since World War
Ⅱ
.
Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment.


(Answer:Industries)


该段主题句讲得是巴黎是法国的工业中心。“工业”一词以其复数形式“
indus tries
”
出现了两次，其形容词形式“
industrial
”也出现了 一次，可确定划线部分应为“工业”。



例
2.


Women
s rights are guarantees of political, social, and economic equality for
women in a society that traditionally gives more power and freedom to men. Among these
rights are control of property, equality of opportunity in education and employment, right of
voting, and freedom of marriage. Today, complete political, economic, and social equality
with men remains to be achieved.


(Answer:Rights of Women)


该段主题句讲的 是在一个男子比女子传统上享有更多权利和自由的社会中，
女性的权利
是她们获得与男性政治、 社会、经济平等的保障。



例
3.


It is convenient to subdivide the study of anatomy in several different ways. One
classification is based on the type of organisms studies, the major subdivisions being
plant anatomy and animal anatomy. Animal anatomy is further subdivided into human
anatomy and comparative anatomy, which seeks out similarities and differences among
animal types. Anatomy can also be subdivided into biological processes, for example,
developmental anatomy, the study of embryos, and pathological anatomy, the study of
diseased organs.


(Answer: The Subdivision of Anatomy)


该段第一句即主题句，讲的 是解剖学的细分，其中出现了关键词“
subdivide
”。后面
是对主题句的扩展 ，说明了解剖学细分的内容：“
major subdivision
”“
further
subdivided
”“
can also be subdivided int o
”。而显而易见“细分”“分类”为答案。又因
答案应为名词词性，所以用“原形复现”的方 法可以得出答案。

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