欧洲文化常识测试英语题型

2021年1月26日发(作者：jb什么意思)

Division One: Greek Culture and Roman Culture
Greek Culture
I.
填空

enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian eleme nt.
2.
Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5
Macedon.
4.
In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece.
5.
Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5
on.
7.
Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics.
8.
The
Iliad
deals with the allianee
of the states of the southern mainland of Greece,
led by Agamemnon in their war aga inst the city of Troy.
9. The
Odyssey
deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home, isla nd of Ithaca.
10.
Of the many lyric poets of ancient Greece, two are still admired by readers today: Sappho and
Pindar.
11.
Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.
12.
Pindar is best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games, such as the 14
Olympic odes.
13.
The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles,
__________

and Euripides.
14.
Aeschylus wrote such plays as
Prometheus Bound, Persia ns
and
Agame mnon
15.
Sophocles wrote such tragic plays as
th
1. European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elements are considered to be more

____
th
century.
3. In the second half of the
4
century B. C., all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, king of
century.
6. Revived in 1896_, the Olympic Games have become the world
'
s foremost amateur sports competiti
Oedipus the King
,
Electra
, and
An tig one
.
16.
Euripides wrote mainly about wome nin such plays as
An dromache Medea
a nd
Trojan Wome
n
17.
Comedyalso flourished in the 5
th
century B. C.. Its best writer was Aristophanes,
who has left eleven plays, including
Persians.
19.
Thucydides described the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse, a
Greek state on the Isla nd of Sicily.
20.
Pythagoras was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things were numbers.
21.
Pythagoras was the founder of scientific mathematics.
22.
Heracleitue believed fire to the primary eleme nt of the uni verse, out of which everyth ing else
had arise n.
23.
The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.
___________

24.
Democritus
was
one
of
the
earliest
philosophical
materialists
and
speculated
about
the
atomic
structure of matter.
25.
In the 4
th
century B. C., four schools of philosophers often argued with each
other, they are the Cynics, the Sceptics, the Epicurea ns, and the Stoics. _____________
26.
Euclid is well-known for his
Frogs
,
Clouds
,
Wasps
and
Birds
.
18.
Herodotus is often called
“
Father of History
”
. He wrote about the wars between Greeks and
Elements
, a textbook of geometry.
27.
To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to have told the


king:
“
Give me a place to sta nd, and I will move the world.
”

28.
Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style which is
also called the masculine style; the Ionic style which is also called the feminine style; and a later
style that is called the Corin thia n style.
29.
The Acropolis at Athens and the Parthenon are the finest monument of Greek architecture and
sculpture in more tha n 2000 years.
30.
In the 20
th
century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyce
'
s
moder nist masterpiece
II.
选择

th
Ulysses
.
1.
Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5
A.
Greek Culture
B.
Roman Culture
C.
Egyptian Culture
D.
Ch in ese Culture
2.
I n
__________
t
he Roman conquered Greece.
A.
1200 B. C.
B.
700 B. C.
C.
146 B. C.
D.
The 5
th
century
3.
Which of the following works
of Troy?
A.
Oedipus the Ki ng
B.
Iliad
C.
Odyssey
D.
An tig one
4.
Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?
A.
An tig one
B.
Agamemnon
C.
Persia ns
D.
Prometheus Bound
5.
Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?
A.
Electra
B.
An tig one
C.
Trojan Woman
D.
Oedipus the Ki ng
6.
Which of the following is the play written by Euripides?
A.
An tig one
B.
Persia ns
C.
Electra
D.
Medea
century B. C.?
described the war led by Agamemnon against
the city
7.
Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?
A.
Aristophanes


B.
Euripides
C.
Sophocles
D.
Aeschylus
8.
Who ever said that
A.
Pythagoras
B.
Heracleitus
C.
Aristotle
9.
Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?
A.
Heracleitus
B.
Aristotle
C.
Socrates
D.
Pythagoras
10.
Whois chiefly no ted for his doctri ne that
“
man is the measure of all things
”？

A.
Protagoras
B.
Pythagoras
C.
Pyrrhon
D.
Epicurus
III.
名词解释

“
You can not step twice into the same river
”？

1.
Aeschylus
2.
Plato
3.
The Cynics
IV.
简答与问答

1.
What are the major elements in European culture?
2.
What were the main features of ancient Greek society?
3.
Who were the outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece? What important plays did each of them
write?
4.
Tell some of Plato
'
s ideas. Why do people call him an idealist?
5.
Give some examples to show the eno rmous in flue nce of Greek culture on En glish literature.
Roma n Culture
I.
填空

1.
The burning of Corinth in 146 B. C. marked Roman conquest of Greece, which was the n reduced
to a provi nce of the Roma n Empire.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The Romanwriter Horace said:
“
Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive
”.

In 27 B. C. Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus.
__________

The Romansenjoyed a long period of peace lasting two hundred years, a remarkable phe
nomenon in history known as the Pax Roma na.
In the 4
th
cen tury, the emperor Con sta ntine moved the capital from Rome to
Byzantium, renamed it Constantinopie ( modern Istanbul ).
In 476 the last emperor of the west was deposed by the Coths and marked the end
of the West Roma n Empire.


7.
8.
The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.
Julius Caesar recorded what he did and saw in the various military campaig ns
he took part in and these writ in gs, collected in his
of succi net Lat in.
Commen taries,
are models
Aen eid
.
9.
Virgil was the greatest of Lati n poets and wrote the great epic, the
And reconstructed in the 2th century A. D..
10.
The Pantheon is the greatest and the best preserved Romantemple, which was built in 27 B. C.
11.
She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the lege nd of creati on of Roma n.
II.
选择

1.
Who wrote,
“
I came, I saw, I conquered
”？

A.
Horace
B.
Julius Caesar
C.
Virgil
D.
Marcus Tullius Cicero
2.
The author of the philosophical poem
A.
Virgil
B.
Julius Caesar
C.
Horace
D.
Lucretius
3.
Which of the following is not Roman architecture?
A.
The Colosseum
B.
The Pan the non
C.
The Parthenon
D.
Pont du Gard
4.
Who wrote,
“
Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive
”？

A.
Sappho
B.
Plato
C.
Virgil
D.
Horace
III.
名词解释

On the Nature of things
is ___________
.
1.
Julius Caesar
2.
The Pax Roma na
IV.
简答与问答

1.
What did the Roma ns have in com mon with the Greeks? And what was the chief
differe nee betwee n them?
2.
What is the book for which Virgil has been famous throughout the centuries? In
what way is the book lin ked with the Greek past?
3.
Why do we say Aeneas is a truly tragic hero?
Division Two: The Bible and Christianity
The Old Testame nt
I
填空题



1.
Among all the religions
by which people seek to worship, Christianity is by far
the most in flue ntial in the West.
2.
Both Judaism and Christia nity origi nated in Palest ine the hub of migrati on and trade routes,
which led to excha nge of ideas over wide areas.
3.
Some3800 years ago the ancestors of the Jews
-
the Hebrews
-
wandered through the deserts
of the Middle East.
4.
About 1300 ., the Hebrews came to settle in Palesti ne, known as Canaan at that time, and
formed small kin gdoms.
5.
The king of the Hebrews was han ded dow n orally from one gen erati on to ano ther
in the form of folktales and stories, which were recorded later in
the Old
the Old
Testame nt
.
6.
The Bible is a collecti on of religious writi ngs compris ing two parts:
Testament
and the New Testament.
7.
The old Testame nt con sists of 39 books, the oldest and most importa nt of which
are first five books, called Pentateuch.
_______

8.
When the Hebrews left the desert and en tered the mountainous Si nai, Moses climbed to the top
of the mountain to receive from God message, which came to be known
as the Ten Comma ndme nts.
9.
Chrono logically Amos is the earliest prophet i n the Old Testame nt.
10.
In Baby Ion in the 6
th
century ., the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formed syn agogues to
practise their religi on.
II
选择题

1.
Which of the follow ing is by far the most i nflue ntial in the West? _____

A.
Buddism B. Islamism
are the first five books, called
_________ .
A.
Exodus B. Comma ndme nts C. Amos
A.
Honour your father and your mother
B.
Do not commit suicide
C.
Do not desire your neighbour
'
s wife
D.
Do not take the n ame of God in vain
4.
Whenin Baby Ion the Hebrews formed syn agogues to practise their religio n?
_____________

A. in 169 .
C. in 76 .
川名词解释

1.
the Bible
2.
the Pen tateuch
3.
Ten Comma ndme nts
IV
简答与问答

1.
What was the Hebrews major con tributi on to world civilizati on?

C. Christia nity
D. Judaism
2.
The Old Testame nt con sists of 39 books, the oldest and most importa nt of which
D. Pen taeuch
3.
Which of the followi ng is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments? _____

B. in the 4
th
cen tury
D. in the 6
th
cen tury

2.
Why do we say Judaism and Christia nity are closely related?
3.
What are the Ten Comma ndme nts about?
Rise of Christia nity
I
填空题

1.
At the age of 30, Jesus received the baptism at the hands of Joh n Baptist. ____________

2.
Jesus spent most of his life in Galilee, where he apparently made a sensation.
3.
Jesus of Nazareth lived in Palestine during the reign of the first RomanEmperor Augustus.
4.
Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Juda.
5.
In 313 the Edict of Mila n was issued by Con sta ntine I and gran ted religious freedom to all and
made Christia nity legal.
6.
In 392 A.D, Emperor Theodosius made Christia nity the official religio ns of the empire and
outlawed all other religi ons.
7.
After Jesus died, St. Peter and St. Paul led the disciples of Jesus to spread gospel in the
Mediterra nean regi ons.
n
选择题

1.
After the
_______
c
en tury Nestoria nism reached China.
A. sixth
B. fifth
C. seco nd D. third
2.
Which of the followi ng emperors made Christia nity the official religio n of the
empire and outlawed all other religi ons?
_________

A. Theodosius
B. Augustus C. Con sta nti ne I D. Nero Caesar
3.
Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity
legal in 313?
_________
A. Augustus B.
A. St. Peter B. St. Paul
Wycliff
川名词解释

Edict of Mila n
V
简答与问答

did the relati ons betwee n Christia ns and the Roma n gover nment cha nge?
The New Testame nt
Thedosius C. Nero
C. John Baptist
D. Con sta nti ne
I
D. John
4.
At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of
_________
.

I
填空题

1.
By 300 A.D. each local church was called a parish an d had a full time leader
known as priest.
2.
Towards the end of he
fourth century four accounts were accepted
as part of the
New Testame nt, which tells the beg inning of Christianity _________

3.
When as Jesus
'
mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was
found with child of the Holy Ghost
4.
Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Juda and


caught at the Last Supper.
Translations of the Bible
I
填空题

1.
Except a few passages in the related Armaic dialect the Old Testame nt was
origi nally written in Hebrew. And the New Testame nt was origi nally writte n in
a popular form of Greek. __
2.
The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint, as accord
ing the fictional letter of Aristeas, it was tran slated
by 72 tran slators in 72 days.
3.
The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition,
which was done in 384
-
405 A.D. by St. Jerome in com mon people
'
s Ian guage.

_
__
4.
The first En glish vers ion of whole Bible was tran slated from the Lat in Vulgate
in 1382 a nd was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by Joh n
Wycl
肝
.

5.
The most importa nt and in flue ntial of En glish Bible is the
King James
'
version, first published in 1611.
“
Authorized
”
or
n
选择题

1.
By 1693, the whole of the Bible had bee n tran slated in
________ Ian guages.
A.228
B. 974
C. 1202
B. the Aristeas
D. the Septuagint
'
s, the
_
_____
Bible was the first
C. Aramaic D. Hebrew
C. 1901
D. 1979
D. 154
2.
The oldest exta nt Greek tran slati on of the Old Testame nt is known as
_____ .
A. the Latin Vulgate
C. the
“
Authorized
”

3.
When printing was inven ted in the 1500
complete work prin ted.
A. En glish
A. 1885
B.1611
B. Lat in
4.
When did the sta ndard America n editi on of the Revised Version appear?
_____

Division Three: The Middle Ages
Manor and Church
I
填空题

1.
In Europea n history, the thousa nd year period follow ing the fall of the West
Roma n Empire in the fifth cen tury is called the Middle Ages.
_________

2.
Between the fifth and eleventh centuries,
wars and in vasi ons.
3.
The Middle Age is a period in which classical, Hebrew and Gothic heritage merged.
4.
Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding
land in excha nge for military service.
5.
In 732 Charles Martel, a Fran kish ruler gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for
their service.
6.
The cen ter of medieval life un der feudalism was the manor.
7.
By the 12
th
century manor houses came to be called castle, which were made of stone and desig
ned as fortress.

West Europe was the scene of frequent
-
a system of holding

8.
As a kni ght, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to
be loyal to his lord and to respect womenof noble birth. These rules were known as code of
chivalry, from which the western idea of good manners developed.
9.
In the medieval days a knight was trained for war by fighting each other in mock batters called
tournaments.
10.
After 1054, the Church was divided in to the RomanCatholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox
Church.
11.
The most important of all the leaders of Christian
who lived in North Africa in the fifth cen tury.
12.
Un der feudalism,
people of wester n Europe were mai nly divided in to three classes:
clergy, lords and peasants.
13.
The Pope not only ruled Roman and parts of Italy as a king, he was also the head of all Christian
churches in western Europe.
14.
In the Medieval times the Church set up a church court
stamp out so- called heresy.
15.
One of the most important sacraments was Holy Communion, which was to remind people that
Christ had died to redeem man.
16.
To express their religious feelings, many people in the Middle Ages went on
journ eys to sacred places where early Christia n leaders had lived. The most importa nt of all
was Jerusalem. _________________

17.
With a return attack against the Moslems, the Western Christians launched a
series of holy wars called the Crusades. ______

-
the Inquisition to
thought was Augustine of Hippo
n
选择题

1.
In the later part of the 4
th
cen tury, which of the follow ing tribes swept into
Europe from cen tral Asia, robb ing and killi ng a large nu mbers of the half civilized Germa nic
tribes? ______________________

A. the Mo ngolia ns
C. the Turkish
A.
“
Age of Christia nity
”

C.
“
Age of Holy Spirit
”

D. the Syria ns
B.
“
Age of Literature
”

D.
“
Age of Faith
”

2.
The Middle Ages is also called the
_______ .
B. the Huns
3.
According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do
for a kn ight? ______
A. To be loyal to his lord
D.
To respect wome n of n oble birth
4.
In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service?
A. Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler
C. Constantine I, a Frankish ruler
A. after 1066 B. after 1296

B. To fight for the church
C.
To obey without questi on the orders of the abbot
B. Charles I, a Turkish ruler
D. St. Benedict, a Italian ruler
C. after 1054
D. after
5.
Whenwas the Church divided into the RomanCatholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church?


476
6.
Which of the following about the knight or noble in the Middle Ages in Western Europe is NOT
true?
_______________________
A. Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval days.
B.
A noble began his education as a page at the age of seven.
C.
As a knight, he was pledged to fight for the church.
D.
At about fourteen, the page became a knight.
7.
Whenwas a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe? ____________

A. At the age of 14.
B.
Whenhe was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners and ran errands for the ladies.
C.
At a special ceremony known as dubbing.
D.
When he was pledged to fight for the church.
8.
Which of the following is NOT
true about what the monks must do before entering
the monastery according to the Benedictine Rule?
A. They had to attend service 6 times during the day and once at midnight.
B.
They could promise to give up all their possession before entering the monastery.
C.
They were expected to work 5 hours a day in the fields surrounding the monastery.
D.
They had to obey without question the orders of the abbot.
9.
Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?
______________

A. clergy, knights and serfs
C. clergy, lords and peasants
B. Pope, bishop and peasants
D. knights, nobles and serfs
10.
By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won the crusades
and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control?

A. 1270 B. 1254 C. 1096 D. 1291
川名词解释

1.
the Middle Ages
2.
Manor
3.
Code of Chivalry
4.
Benedictine Rule
5.
the Crusades
IV
简答与问答


1.


2.
Who was Charles Martel?
What was the differe nee betwee n a serf and a free man?

3.
Into what three groups were people divided un der feudalism?

4.
What happe ned in Western Europe after the decli ne of the Roma n Empire?




Lear ning and Scie nee, Literature, Art and Architecture
填空题


I
Charlemagne, who temporarily restored order in perhaps the most importa nt figure of the

1.
medieval period.
wester n and central
Europe, was


Charlemag ne was crowed
“
Emperor of the Roma ns
”
by the Pope in 800. The
Summa

2.
Theologica
by St. Thomas Aquinas forms an enormous system and up all the kno wledge of

sums

3.
medieval theology.

Roger Bacon was one of the earliest advocates

4.
of Scientific research
and called

for careful observatio n and experime ntati on.


5.




6.



7.



8.




9.


“
National epic
”
refers to the epic written in
is, the Ianguages of various national
Ages.
vernacular Ianguages
-
that
states
that came into being
in the Middle
Beowulf
is an Anglo- Sexon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the collective efforts of
oral literature.
Dante Alighieri was the greatest poet of Italy, his masterpiece,
Comedy
is one of the Ian dmarks of world literature.
Chaucer was a great En glish poet,
The Divi
ne
The Can terbury Tales
were his most popular
work for their power of observati on, pierc ing irony, sense of humor and warm huma ni ty.
Chaucer writers in dialect used by London ers, and by the sheer weight and popularity of his
writings
The style of architecture
he sets it firmly on the way towards
under Romanesqueart is characterized
Moder n En
glish. by massive
ness.
parts of western

10.
solidity and monumen tality with all overall blocky appearance^


11. The Gothic style started
in France and quickly spread through all

Europe.





1.






2.


选择题

Which of the following
A. St. Thomas Aquinas
C. Con sta ntine
greatly to the medieval Europea n culture?
_
_

was crow ned
“
Emperor of the Roma ns by
B. Charlemag
ne
the Pope in 800?
D. King James
Who was the ruler of the An glo-Sax on kin gdom of Wessex and con tributed
A. Charles I
B. Con sta ntine I


C. Alfred the Great
D. Charles the Great

3.
Does
Song of Roland
belong to which country
'
s epic? _____________


A. En glish
B. Germa nic
C. Hebrew
D. French

4.
Who is the author of the
Opus Maius
?
_
____________



A. Roger Bac on
B. Dante Alighieri


C. Chaucer
川名词解释

1.
Caroli ngia n Ren aissa nee
2.
Beowulf
3.
Song of Rola nd
4.
The Can terbury tales
5.
Roma nesque
6.
Gothic
D. St. Thomas Aquinas

IV
简答与问答

was the merit which Charlemagne and Alfred the Great share?
Divisio n IV: Ren aissa nee and Reformati on
Ren aissa nee in Italy
I
填空题

1.
Gen erally speak ing, Ren aissa nee refers to the period betwee n the 14th and mid _

17th cen tury.
2.
Humanism is the esse nee of the Ren aissa nee.
3.
In esse nee, Ren aissa nee was a historical period in which the Europea n huma nist
thi nkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of con servatism in feudalist
Europe and in troduce new ideas that expressed the in terests of bourgeoisie, to ________

lift the restrictio ns in all areas placed by the Roma n Church authorities. _______________
4.
Ren aissa nee started in Florence and Ve nice with the floweri ng of paintin gs, sculpture and
architecture.
5.
Beginning from the 11th century, cities began to rise in central and north Italy.
6.
Decameron
is a collect ion of 100 tales told by 7 young ladies and 3 youn ger
gen tleme n on their way to escape the Black Death of 1348.
_______
7.
Petrach was best known for
Canzoniers
, a book of lyrical songs written in his
Italian dialect.
8.
The Ren aissa nee artists in troduced in their works scie ntific
and perspective.
9.
The four represe ntative artists of High Ren aissa nee in Italy are Leon ardo da
_
____________

Vinci, michelangelo, Raphael and Titian.
_
_____
10.
Loenardo da Vinci
'
s major works:
theories of an atomy
Last Supper
is the most famous of religious
pictures;
Mona Lisa
probably is the world
'
s most famous portrait.
11.
Michelangelo created a style of art in which he freed himself from the old
traditi on of decorati on on the one hand and docume ntary realism on the other.
12.
Titia n
'
s pain ti ng is ack no wledged to have established
the typical medium of the pictorial traditi on in western art.
13.
In world trade, Italy had lost its supremacy because of the discovery of America in 1492 and the
rounding of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, the opening of an
all-water route to In dia which provided a cheaper means of tran sport.
14.
Petrach is looked up as the father of modern poetry.

oil colour on can vas as