4英语翻译-省译法

2021年1月26日发(作者：busy是什么意思)
翻译技巧之：省译法

这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，
即删去不符合目 标语思维习惯、
语言习惯和表达方式
的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。

英译汉：省略代词，介词，冠词，连词，动词，短语等

英译汉的省译法

一、从语法角度来看




（一）省代词



（
1
）省略作主语的人称代词



I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice.


我有很多美妙的想法，但是只把少数付诸实践了。



He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.


他瘦弱憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。



He put his hands into pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.
他将双手放进衣袋，然后耸了耸肩。


Please let us know the detailed information on your market.
请告知（我方）贵方市场详情。


For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its rooms, its electric wiring, its path
and its garden.
两周以来，
他一直注意观察房 子的情况，
查看各个房间，
留心电线的走向、
通道和花园的布
局。


We live and learn.


活到老，学到老。



When will he arrive?
—
You can never tell.


他什么时候到？
——
说不准。



The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain.


人生的意义不在于已经获取的，而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。



2
．省略作宾语的代词



The more he tried to hide his mistakes, the more he revealed them.


他越是想要掩盖他的错误，就越是容易暴露。



Please take off the old picture and throw it away.


请把那张旧画取下来扔掉。



3
．省略物主代词




I put my hand into my pocket.


我把手放进口袋。




She listened to me with her rounded eyes.


她睁大双眼，听我说话。




（二）代词
it
的省略



Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.


外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。



He glanced at his watch; it was 7:15.


他一看表，是七点一刻了。



It took me a long time to reach the hospital.


我花了很长时间才到了医院。



It is the people who are really powerful.


人民才是最强大的。



It was just growing dark, as she shut the garden gate.
她关上园门时，已是暮色苍茫了。


It was only then that I began to have doubts whether my story would ever be told.
只是这个时候，我才开始怀疑，我的经历究竟是否可以公诸于众。



（三）省略连接词


He looked gloomy and troubled.
他看上去有些忧虑不安。
（省略并列连词）


Where there is will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
（省略从属连词）


If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
冬天来了，春天还会远吗？（省略表示条件的连接词）


When I sing, I sing off-key.
我一唱歌就走调。


He declined to comment on the President
’
s statement, since he had not read the text.
他没有看总统讲话的文稿，不愿加以评论。
（省略表示因果的连接词）


As it is late, you had better go home.


时间不早了，你最好回家去吧。
（省略表示原因的连接词）



If I had known it, I would not have joined in to.


早知如此，我就不参加了。
（省略表示条件的连接词）



John rose gloomily as the train stopped, for he was thinking of his ailing mother.


火车停了，约翰郁郁地站了起来，因为他想起了病中的母亲。
（省略表示时间的连接词）




（四）省略冠词



1
．英语有冠词，汉语没有冠词；因此，英译汉时往往可将冠词省略。



A teacher should have patience in his work.


当教员的应当有耐心。
（省略不定冠词
A
）



The horse is a useful animal.


马是有益的动物。
（省略定完词
The
）



It is out of the question to fly to the moon in the past.


在过去，飞往月球是绝对办不到的事情。
（省略定完词
The
）



The moon was slowly rising above the sea.


月亮慢慢从海上升起。
（省略定冠词
The
）



2
．英译汉时，省略原文中的冠词是一般情况。但在某些场合，冠词却不能省略，可以 翻
译为
“
一个，每一，这个，那个
”
等。例如：


He left without saying a word.
他一句话不说就走了。

He said he was getting a dollar a mile.
他说他开车每一英里赚一美元。

This is the book you wanted.


这就是你要的那本书。




（五）省略介词



1
．省略表示时间的前置词


On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to the People
’
s Republic of China.
1997
年< br>7
月
1
日，香港回归了中华人民共和国。

Have you got any money with you?
你身上有钱吗？

The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.



一九四九年中华人民共和国成立。


比较：中华人民共和国成立于一九四九年。



（介词译成汉语在句首时可以省略，在句尾就没有省略）



2
．省略表示地点的前置词



Smoking is prohibited in public places.


公共场所不准吸烟。



In winter, it is much colder in the North than it is in the South.


冬天，北方的天气比南方冷得多。



（六）省略动词



Through the history of this university is quite old, its buildings are quite up-to-date.
这所大学尽管历史久远，可建筑物却式样新颖。

Solids expand and contract as liquids and gases do.
如同液体和气体一样，固体也能膨胀和收缩。

In spring the day is getting longer and longer and the night shorter and shorter.
春季白天越来越长，夜晚越来越短。

A square has four equal sides.
正方形的四条边相等。

When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low.


气压低，沸点就低。



Delivery must be effected within the time stated on the purchase order.

必须在购货单规定的时间交货。




省略名词

The sun and a grain of sand are both bodies, for each consists of a definite amount of matter.
太阳和沙子都是物体，因为它们都是由一定数量的物质组成的。
（省略名词
grain
）

Different kinds of matter have different properties.
不同的物质具有不同的特性。
（省略名词
kinds
）

Going through the process of heat treatment, metals become much stronger and more durable.
经过热处理后，金属强度更大，更加耐用。
（省略名词
process
）



二、从修辞角度看




（一）英语句子中有些短语重复出现，
或者具有相同意义的词重复出现，
英译汉时可按 情
况作适当省略。



University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had
not.


报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。


Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.


双方均不得无故解除合同。