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简单句中的省略用法
A.
在对话、交际中
◎
在回答他人的问题时,根据问题的类型和性质,只作简短的回答。如:
(1)
—
Do
you
like
playing
volleyball?
你喜欢打排球吗?
—
Yes,
I
do.
是的,我喜欢。
(2)
—
Who
is
talking
with
our
teacher?
谁在跟我们的老师谈话?
—
Our
headmaster.
我们的校长。
(3)
—
What
is
your
favourite
subject?
你最喜欢哪一学科?
—
English.
英语。
◎
谈论事物时,接着人家的话,发表自己的观点、看法,常省略相同的部分。此时,
被省略的成分可根据上文内容补出。如:
(1)
—
Maths
is
very
difficult.
数学很难。
—
But
very
important
and
useful.
但是很重要、很有用。
(2)
—
Ann
is
very
clever.
安妮很聪明。
—
And
very
diligent.
并且也很勤奋。
◎
表达心里感受时,主语、系动词常被省略。如:
(1)
—
How
do
you
find
English
?你认为英语怎么样?
—
Very
interesting.
很有趣。
(2)
—
Nice
to
see
you
again.
又见到你真高兴。
(3)
—
What
do
you
think
about
this
film?
你认为这场电影怎样?
—
Very
disappointing.
非常令人失望。
B.
在某些句型中
◎
祈使句中的主语常被省略
(1)
Go
and
open
the
window.
去把窗户打开。
(2)
Follow
me,
please.
请跟我来。
(3)
Be
bold
but
don
’
t
be
shy.
胆大一点,不要害羞。
(4)
Don
’
t
worry
about
them.
不要为他们操心。
◎
感叹句
在发出感慨时,为了表达出强烈的感情,常省略主语、系动词或谓语动词等。如:
(1)
What
a
good
girl!
多好的女孩啊!
(2)
How
beautiful!
多美啊!
复合句中的省略用法
一、在对话、交谈中
1.
回答问题时,往往可省略从句或主句中的某些成分、甚至整个从句或主句。如:
(1)
—
Where
were
you
when
the
fire
broke
out
last
night?
昨天晚上发生火灾时,
你在
哪?
—
(I
was
)
In
Li
Lei
’
s.
在李蕾家。
(2)
—
What
will
you
do
when
you
finish
your
homework?
你做完作业后干什么?
—
I
’
ll
go
to
play
football
with
some
friends.
我去跟朋友踢足球。
(3)
—
What
are
you
going
to
be
when
you
grow
up?
你长大后打算干什么?
—
I
’
m
going
to
be
a
businessman.
我打算去做生意。
2.
提出建议、劝告、警告或许诺等时,也可省略句子中的某些成分。如:
(1)
Work
harder,
and
you
’
ll
succeed.
工作再努力些,你就会成功。
(2)
Take
care
when
you
walk
on
the
ice.
在冰上行走时要小心。
(3)
Hurry
up,
or
you
’
ll
be
late.
快一点,不然就会迟到了。
二、某些句型中
1.
表示时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中,如果从句的主语跟主句的主语一致 或
从句的主语是
it
,而谓语动词是系动词
be
时,就可将从句的主 语及系动词
be
省略。如:
(1)
Solid
can
be
turned
into
liquid
and
liquid
into
gas
if
heated
enough.
=solid
can
b
e
turned
into
liquid
and
liquid
can
be
turned
into
gas
if
it
is
heated
enough.
如果加到足
够的热,固体会变成液体,而液体又会变成气体。
(2)
Have
a
little
more
if
delicious.
=You
have
a
little
more
if
it
is
delicious
如果好
吃就多吃一点。
(3)
Make
changes
where
necessary.
=You
make
changes
where
it
is
necessary.
在必
要的地方作些修改。
(4)
I
won
’
t
attend
his
party,
though
invited
a
few
days
ago.
=
I
won
’
t
attend
his
par
ty,
though
I
was
invited
a
few
days
ago.
尽管几天前请了我,
但我还是不会参加他的聚会。
2.
表示时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中,如果从句的主语跟主句的主语一致,
就可将从句的主语省略 ,同时,将从句中的谓语动词变为分词形式。如:
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