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英语中的省略句,尤其是英语口语
< br>省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析,句子
应该具备的成分,
有时出于修辞上 的需要,
在句中并不出现,
这种句子叫做省略句
1.
简单句中的省略:
在对话中,交谈双方都知道谈论的对象,则可以省略句子的
主语,省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中出现的很多。
(
1
)
Looks like rain.
(
2
)
Hope to hear from you soon.
(
3
)
Sounds like a good idea.
(
4
)
Beg your pardon.
(
5
)
Feeling better today ?
(
6
)
This way, please.
(
7
)—
What does he want to eat ?
—
Some rice and vegetables.
(
8
)
Anything I can do for you ?
(
9
)
Sorry to hear that.
(
10
)Doesn’t matter.
(
11
)
Terrible weather!
(
12
)Pity you couldn’t come.
2.
并列句中的省略:
在并列句中,
相同的成分如主语,
谓语,
宾语等都可以省略:
(
1
)
They learn French and we English.
(
2
)
My father planned and built all these houses.
(
3
)
John won the first race and Jimmy the second.
(
4
)
Coral is not a plant but a variety of animal life.
3.
复合句中的省略:
定语从句:
(
1
)That’s the reason he is late for the confere
nce.
(
2
)I don’t like the way he talks.
状语从句:
(
1
)
If heated, water will boil.
(
2
)
Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across
the river.
(
3
)We’ll go to help you if necessary.
(
4
)
Had I time, I would come.
(
5
)I’ll go, should it be necessary.
(
6
)
The captain can find a boat quicker than we can.
宾语从句:如果宾语从句中的 谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或
上文的谓语部分相同,可将从句部分的谓语省略。
(
1
)
We will do what we can
(
do
)
to help you.
(
2
)—
Is Mr. King in his office?
—Sorry, I don’t know(
whether he is in his office or not
)
.
4.
动词不定式的省略:
在动 词不定式结构中,
为了避免重复,
常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形,只保留
to。
(
1
)—
Would you like to go with us ?
—I’m glad to, but I have to finish my homework.
(
2
)Don’t tell me the name of the sailor if you don’t want
to.
(
3
)—
Have you ever been to the seaside?
—No, we can’t afford to.
在
used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be
going to
等结构中,常常省略
to
后面的动词原形。
(
1
)
They do not visit their parents as much as they ought
to.
(
2
)He doesn’t get up early as he used to.
(
3
)I’ll hand it in if I have to.
(
4
)—
Would you like to come tonight ?
—I’d love to.
Tell , warn , order , advise , ask
等动词的宾语后面接动词不
定式做宾语补足语时,可以省略
to
后面的动词原形。
(
1
)
He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him
not to.
(
2
)
The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his
mother told him not to.
回答:省略句的基本情况分为以下三个方面:
1.
为避免
重复而进行的省略。
当一个句子中有两个或 更多相同的
词、短语出现时,其中的第一个须保留,其余的往往省略,
以达到避免重复、使句子 简练的目的。高考中尤其要注意的
情况是:当时间状语从句、地点状语从句、方式状语从句、
让 步状语从句、条件状语从句等状语从句中的主语与主句的
主语一致并含有
be
时,往往将该状语从句中的主语和
be
一
同省略。例如:
He hurt himself while (he was) playing
basketball.
他在打篮球时受了伤。
// He works very hard
though (he is) still rather weak.
他虽然身体还很虚弱,但他
非常努力地工作。
2.
语法上的省略。
有些成分的省
略是出于语法上的原因——使表述更为简明,
例如:
He got
up at six (o’clock).他六点钟起床。
// He is twelve (years old).
他十二岁。
// I walked (for) ten miles.
我走了十英里路。
3.
习惯用法上的省略。
有些省略句的情况是出于习惯用法,< br>尤其是在口语中。例如,在问句中
be
常常省略,有时连主
语一起省略:
Very easy?
很简单吗?
// Feeling unwell?
感觉
不舒服吗?
又如以
what, how
或
why
开头的某些问句:
What (happened) next?
下面要发生什么?
// Why not?
为什
么不?
// Why so?
为什么这样?
1.
省略句的定义
省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上
下文 紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中,尤其在
对话中,
是一种十分普遍的现象。
2.
小品词的省略
(
1
)
省略介词
He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons.
他花了四个小时复习功课。
I ' ve studied Eng1ish (for) five
years.
我已学五年英语了。
(
2
)
省略连词
that I believe
(that) you will succeed
.
我相信你们会成功的。
It ' s a pity
(that) he ' s leaving.
他要走,真遗憾。
I ' m sure (that) she
will help you.
我肯定她会帮你的。
(
3
)省略关系代词
I
' ll give you all (that) I have.
我要把我所有的一切都给你。
He read the book (which) I got yesterday.
他看过我昨天买
的书了。
3.
句子成分的省略
(
1
)省略主语
Beg your
pardon.
(我)请你原谅。
(
Beg
前省略了主语
I
)
Take
care!
当心!
(
Take
前省略了主语
you
)
Looks as if it will
rain.
看起来象要下雨。
(
Looks
前省略了主语
it
)
(
2
)
省略谓语
Who next?
该谁了?(
Who
后面省略了谓语
comes
)
The river was deep and the ice thin.
(
ice
后
面省略了
was
)
We ' ll do the best we can.
我们将尽力而
为。
(
can
后面省略了动词
do
)
(
3
)
省略表语
Are you
ready? Yes, I am.
你准备好了吗?
我准备好了。
(
am
后
面省略了
ready
)
He was a lover of sports as he had
been in his youth.
他还是象年轻时那样,
是一位运动爱好者。
(
had been
后面省略了
a lover of sports
)
(
4
)省略
宾语
Let ' s do the dishes. I ' ll wash and you ' ll dry.
让我
们洗碗吧,我来洗,你来揩干。
(
wash
和
dry
后面省略了
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