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英语中的省略句,尤其是英语口语

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2021-01-26 06:06
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2021年1月26日发(作者:天界人体)
英语中的省略句,尤其是英语口语





< br>省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析,句子
应该具备的成分,
有时出于修辞上 的需要,
在句中并不出现,
这种句子叫做省略句
1.
简单句中的省略:

在对话中,交谈双方都知道谈论的对象,则可以省略句子的
主语,省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中出现的很多。


1

Looks like rain.

2

Hope to hear from you soon.

3

Sounds like a good idea.

4

Beg your pardon.

5

Feeling better today ?

6

This way, please.

7
)—
What does he want to eat ?

Some rice and vegetables.

8

Anything I can do for you ?

9

Sorry to hear that.

10
)Doesn’t matter.


11

Terrible weather!

12
)Pity you couldn’t come.

2.
并列句中的省略:

在并列句中,
相同的成分如主语,
谓语,
宾语等都可以省略:


1

They learn French and we English.

2

My father planned and built all these houses.

3

John won the first race and Jimmy the second.

4

Coral is not a plant but a variety of animal life.
3.
复合句中的省略:

定语从句:


1
)That’s the reason he is late for the confere
nce.

2
)I don’t like the way he talks.

状语从句:


1

If heated, water will boil.

2

Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across
the river.

3
)We’ll go to help you if necessary.


4

Had I time, I would come.

5
)I’ll go, should it be necessary.


6

The captain can find a boat quicker than we can.
宾语从句:如果宾语从句中的 谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或
上文的谓语部分相同,可将从句部分的谓语省略。


1

We will do what we can

do

to help you.


2
)—
Is Mr. King in his office?
—Sorry, I don’t know(
whether he is in his office or not

.
4.
动词不定式的省略:
在动 词不定式结构中,
为了避免重复,
常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形,只保留
to


1
)—
Would you like to go with us ?
—I’m glad to, but I have to finish my homework.


2
)Don’t tell me the name of the sailor if you don’t want
to.

3
)—
Have you ever been to the seaside?

—No, we can’t afford to.


used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be
going to
等结构中,常常省略
to
后面的动词原形。


1

They do not visit their parents as much as they ought
to.

2
)He doesn’t get up early as he used to.


3
)I’ll hand it in if I have to.


4
)—
Would you like to come tonight ?
—I’d love to.

Tell , warn , order , advise , ask
等动词的宾语后面接动词不
定式做宾语补足语时,可以省略
to
后面的动词原形。


1

He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him
not to.

2

The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his
mother told him not to.
回答:省略句的基本情况分为以下三个方面:


1.
为避免
重复而进行的省略。


当一个句子中有两个或 更多相同的
词、短语出现时,其中的第一个须保留,其余的往往省略,
以达到避免重复、使句子 简练的目的。高考中尤其要注意的
情况是:当时间状语从句、地点状语从句、方式状语从句、
让 步状语从句、条件状语从句等状语从句中的主语与主句的
主语一致并含有
be
时,往往将该状语从句中的主语和
be

同省略。例如:

He hurt himself while (he was) playing
basketball.
他在打篮球时受了伤。
// He works very hard
though (he is) still rather weak.
他虽然身体还很虚弱,但他
非常努力地工作。


2.
语法上的省略。


有些成分的省
略是出于语法上的原因——使表述更为简明,
例如:

He got
up at six (o’clock).他六点钟起床。
// He is twelve (years old).
他十二岁。
// I walked (for) ten miles.
我走了十英里路。


3.
习惯用法上的省略。


有些省略句的情况是出于习惯用法,< br>尤其是在口语中。例如,在问句中
be
常常省略,有时连主
语一起省略:

Very easy?
很简单吗?
// Feeling unwell?
感觉
不舒服吗?


又如以
what, how

why
开头的某些问句:

What (happened) next?
下面要发生什么?
// Why not?
为什
么不?
// Why so?
为什么这样?

1.
省略句的定义

省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上
下文 紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中,尤其在
对话中,
是一种十分普遍的现象。

2.
小品词的省略



1

省略介词

He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons.
他花了四个小时复习功课。

I ' ve studied Eng1ish (for) five
years.
我已学五年英语了。



2

省略连词

that I believe
(that) you will succeed


我相信你们会成功的。

It ' s a pity
(that) he ' s leaving.
他要走,真遗憾。

I ' m sure (that) she
will help you.
我肯定她会帮你的。



3
)省略关系代词

I
' ll give you all (that) I have.
我要把我所有的一切都给你。

He read the book (which) I got yesterday.
他看过我昨天买
的书了。

3.
句子成分的省略



1
)省略主语

Beg your
pardon.
(我)请你原谅。


Beg
前省略了主语

I


Take
care!
当心!


Take
前省略了主语

you


Looks as if it will
rain.
看起来象要下雨。


Looks
前省略了主语

it




2

省略谓语

Who next?
该谁了?(

Who
后面省略了谓语

comes


The river was deep and the ice thin.


ice

面省略了

was


We ' ll do the best we can.
我们将尽力而
为。


can
后面省略了动词

do




3

省略表语

Are you
ready? Yes, I am.
你准备好了吗?

我准备好了。


am

面省略了

ready


He was a lover of sports as he had
been in his youth.
他还是象年轻时那样,
是一位运动爱好者。


had been
后面省略了

a lover of sports




4
)省略
宾语

Let ' s do the dishes. I ' ll wash and you ' ll dry.
让我
们洗碗吧,我来洗,你来揩干。


wash


dry
后面省略了

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