医学英语口语：医学词汇

2021年1月26日发(作者：哈喽英文)
医学英语口语：医学词汇

文字

一下我发的这些词汇都是麻醉界一位老教授的文稿，希望大家学习一下，有所收获！

A battery of
一组、一套、一批

1. a battery of new technologies
一批新技术

2. a battery of tests
一组试验

例
: These risk factors can be identified by history, physical examination, chest
roentgenogram and a clinically available battery of screening pulmonary tests.
这些危险因素可以通过病史、体检、胸部
X
片及 临床上现有的一组筛选用的肺功能试验来
确认。

Be based on …

以
…
为基础，以
…
为根据。

1. The film is based on a novel by D. H. Lawence.
该电影是根据
D. H. Lawrence
的小说改编的。

2. Determination of the severity of acute pancreatitis based on clinical evaluation alone
is accurate in only 35-40% of patients.
单独根据临床评估对急性胰腺炎的严重度作出决定
,
其准确性仅为
35-40%
病人。

3. A number of recommendations published for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia
are empiric rather than based on controlled observations.
一些已发表的防止医院内感染的肺炎的建议是以经验为依据而不是依据有对照的观察。

4. Focal organizing pneumonia is sometimes similar to peripheral lung cancer and T.B.
and thus the differential diagnosis must be based on pathology.
局灶性机化肺炎有时与末梢性肺炎和结核相似，因之鉴别诊断必需根据病理。

Basis
基础、根据

1. What is the basis of / for your opinion?
你的看法有什么根据？

2. There is no scientific basis for these claims.
这些主张没有科学根据。

3. This lack of direct myocardial depression is the basis for the widespread use of
morphine in patients with cardiac disease.
没有直接的心肌抑制是心脏病患者广泛应用吗啡的基础。

4. There is not at present a sound basis for selecting on approach over the others.
目前尚没有一个可靠的根据，选择某一个方法而不选其他方法。

5. Monitoring of cardiac function on a beat- to-
beat basis is essential to the patient’s safe
transport.
监测每次心跳的心功能是安全运送病人非常重要的。

6. Basic sciences
基础科学

7. Basic scientist
基础科学家

Baseline
（名词

一般用单数）

=
在实验中用于比较的基础值或基础状态。

1. Percent changes from baseline values for each measurement were calculated.
每次测定计算其变化是基础的百分之几。

2. The blood pressure rose again during intubation to levels similar to the baseline
values.
插管期间血压再次上升到

与基础值相似的水平。

3. After 30 min of steady state conditions, cardiac output, serum ionized calcium and
arterial blood gas tensions and pH were measured as baseline values.
经
30
分钟的稳定状态，测定心输出量，血清离 子化钙及动脉血气分压及
pH
作为基础值。

4. Patient characteristics at baseline were similar in both groups.
二组病人的基础特征相似。

5. Blood flow was allowed to return to baseline before the next occlusion was begun.
在开始下一次阻断前让血流回复到基础状态。

behavior
（不可数名词）

行为

behavioral adj
behavioral response to
例
The effects of G-protein and protein kinase inhibitor on the behavioral responses of
rats to intradermal injection of capasaicin. < br>G
旦白和旦白激酶抑制剂对大鼠皮内注射
capasaicin
引起的行为反应 的影响。

between ~ among
between
用于
2
个人
/
组
/
事物

among
用丁
3
个人以上

但即使
3
个人
/
组以上
difference
后仍跟
between
例
There were no differences between the 3 groups with respect to age, weight, gender
and baseline hemodynamic variables.
年令、体重、性别及血流动学变数的基值三组间没有差异
.
但也有用
differences among…

例
No significant differences were found among the three diet groups.
三个饮食组间没有发现有统计学意义的差别。

big
～
large
～
great
big
和< br>large
多用于实物的大小，
big
较为口语。医学论文中多用
la rge, big
也常用于抽象的
含义，但较口语化。

如：
big difference, big mistake, big growth, big change, big improvement
great
则用于抽象的含义

如：
great pleasure, great man
伟人，
great scholar
伟大的学者
, great happiness,
很快乐
,
great difficulty
很困难
, great care
非常小心
, great sorrow
巨大的悲痛

例
: Napoleon was not a big man, but he was a great man.
拿坡仑个儿不大
,
但他是一个伟人。

Large
1. In large institution confusion may occur and wrong patient may be operated upon or
wrong operation may be attempted.
大医院里可能发生混乱
,
如错给病人做了手术，或给病人做错了于术。

The patient exhibited severe respiratory syndrome with poor compliance and a large
intrapulmonary shunt and bilateral diffuse opacification of the chest radiograph.
该病人有严重的呼吸征候群，其肺顺应性差，有明显的肺内分流，胸部
X
线显示弥散性不
透光区。

Because extracorporeal oxygenation requires large extracorporeal blood flows (40-
90ml/kg/min) large bore drainage cannulae must be used.
因为 体外氧合需要很大的体外血流（
40-90
毫升
/
公升
/
分 ），所以必须用大口径的插管。

Quite a large number of people attended the meeting.
很多人出席会议。

[
注
]
数量
(amount, number)
前用
large/small
不能用
little/big.
如
Large amounts of money were spent on the study.
该项研究投入了大量的钱。


Great
Excessive sweating may cause great fluid loss.
过度出汗会引起大量液体丧失。

Bibliographic references are held to a minimum because most of the concepts have been
discussed in great detail in previous chapters.
参考文献被压

缩到最少，因为前几章已经详细的讨论了大多数概念。

I was most impressed by the great skill and dexterity with which our Chinese colleagues
performed these procedures.
我对我们中国同道做这些手术的高度的技巧和熟练印象深刻。

We found the pump oxygenator to be extraordinarily efficient, reliable, of great capacity
and also simple to operate.
我们发现这个泵氧合器非常有效、可靠、容量大、操作简单。

We are all full confident that the conference will be a great success.
我们都有充分的信心，这次会议将会非常成功。

For the average patient undergoing operation a 20 percent reduction in immune function
probably poses no great problem.
一般的手术病人免疫功能降低
20%
问题不大。

It is a great pleasure to have you all here.
你们能来非常高兴。

greater than 2 years = more than 2 years
greater than 8000 cases = more than 8000 cases.

benefit
－
s (
名词
)
好处

1. The potential benefit of aprotinin should be optimal in patients undergoing reoperation
and complex surgery.
再次手术及进行复杂手术的病人抑肽酶的可能的好处应该达最佳。

2. The benefit of intraoperative small-dose ketamine on postoperative pain after anterior
cruciate ligament repair.
术中小剂量氯胺酮对前十字韧带修补术后疼痛的好处。

3. Increased educational exchanges with other countries have been of great benefit to
scientific and educational research in China’s institutions of higher learning.

和其他国家在教育方面交流的增加对中国大学的教育研究有很大的好处。


Benefit
（动词

及物、不及物）

及物
benefit
某人
/
某事

1. This most recent spell of welcome rain is expected to benefit crops growing around
Beijing.
最近一阵受欢迎的雨预期对北京周围生长的农作物有好处。

2. They all try to influence you to benefit themselves.
他们都想影响你而使他们自己得利。

不及物

benefit by …

benefit from …

1. She has benefited by the operation.
手术使她得益。

2. The patient benefited from being hospitalized .
该病人得益于住院治疗。

be beneficial for …
某事

be beneficial to …
某人、健康

In those patients desmopressin may be beneficial for diminishing the blood loss.
Desmopressin
可能有益于使这些病人减少失血。

Nevertheless, moderate cardiac depression by a drug like halothane may be more
beneficial to the patient with ischemic heart disease than hypertension and tachycardia
produced by a drug such as ketamine.