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一、
45
个常见介词的基本用法
1
、
about
基本含义：
a-b-out
“
A
在
B
外面
”
引申含义：
“
A
和
B
的联系”
1
、在…周围：
The kids are sitting about their teacher.
I like the necklace about her throat.
2
、环绕：
The bird always flies about the forest.
I plan to travel about the world.
3
、关于：
a book about English study
They are talking about the new film.
4
、
[adv]
大约
固定搭配：
1
、
How about...?
2
、
something+adj+about X
一些关于
X
的
adj
的事
2
、
above
基本含义：
a-b-over
“
A
在
B
上方
”
引申含义：
1
、
在…上方
:The sun rose above the horizon.
2
、
数目大 于…
/
重量超过…
/
价格（能力、地位）高于…
There is nothing in the store above 50 cents.
“
He who comes after me is above me ,because he was before me
”
固定搭配：
1
、
above all
:
首先（强调重要性）
可编辑版
.
Above all, he was an outstanding mathematician.
2
、
above all things:
最最…
What you need, above all things, is confidence.
3
、
be above oneself
:
兴高采烈
=
high spirit
When he heard the good news, he was above himself.
3
、
across
基本含义：
a-grass
“
A
走过一片草坪
”
引申含义：
1
、
穿过
：
She walked across the road.
2
、
在
...
对面
: The bar is just across the street.
3
、
交叉
：
He sat with his arms across his chest.
The two lines pass across each other at right angles.
固定搭配：
1
、
A come across B.
A
偶遇
B
。
I came across Yu Minhong the other day.
2
、
A ger sth across to B.
A
使某物被
B
了解。
I want to get my theory across to all students.
4
、
after
基本含义：
“
A
在
B
之后
”
（强调顺序）
引申含义：
1
、
在…之后
（时间顺序、空间顺序）
After dinner, they went out for a walk.
I should after him, but he still went on.
2
、
照着…的样子
可编辑版
.
Read the sentence after me, please.
The building is named after the famous hero.
I will make a box after that one.
固定搭配：
1
、
be after
寻找
/go after
追逐
/run after
追求
You should run after your own dream.
2
、
after all
不管怎样
（即：在任何事情之后都一样）
After all, he is your father.
3
、
look after
照顾
5
、
against
基本含义：
a-g-e
“
相对
”
引申含义：
1
、
碰着、靠着
：
She was leaning against a tree.
2
、
反对
：
We should fight against crimes.
3
、
预防
：
Save money against a rainy day.
未雨绸缪
固定搭配：
1
、
go against
违反
（故意违反某人的意志）
He chose to go against his family.
2
、
be against
（
1
）违反
（违反法律、制度）
It is against the law to hunt tigers.
(2)
反对
Lincoln was strongly against slavery.
（
3
）不利于
What he said is against him.
6
、
around
可编辑版
.
基本含义：a-round
”
A
在一个圆里面”（在一定范围内）
引申含义：
1
、在…周围
:
There are many bars around the towm.
2
、在附近、到处：
I showed him around our campus.
3
、
【
adv
】大约：
There are around 1000 people watching the game.
7
、
at
基本含义
:
“朝向一点”
引申含义
:
1
、小地点
,
或小时间点
Usually, he is at his office in the morning.
I arrived at home at 7:00.
Knock at;look at;aim at;shoot at;arrive at
…
2
、表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因
He showed no sign of pleasure at seeing her.
Be surprised/excited at
…
;
8
、
before
基本含义：
“在…之前“
（时间、空间、顺序）
引申含义：
1
、时间上：
Please come back before 10:00pm.
2
、空间上：
Don
’
t put the cart before the horse.
3
、顺序上：
Health should come before wealth.
固定搭配：
1
、
before long:
过不了多久
可编辑版
.
2
、
before time:
提前
9
、
behind
基本含义：
be + hide
“在…之后“
引申含义：
1
、空间上，在…后面
:
A dog is running behind us.
2
、在后台操纵：
There must be someone behind it.
3
、时间上，在之后；能力上，在之后
;
New York is 12 hours behind Beijing in time.
He was behind others in ability.
10
、
beside
基本含义：
be+side
“在…边上”
引申含义：
1
、在
...
旁边
=next to
…
; by the side of
…
a town beside the sea
She sat beside the teacher.
2
、与
...
相比
=compared with
My work is so poor beside yours.
固定搭配：
beside oneself
高兴（悲伤）的不得了、忘形
11
、
besides
基本含义：
“除…外，还有…”
There were 2 other students in the classroom besides Tom.
12
、
between
基本含义：
be-two-in
“在两者之间”
可编辑版
.
引申含义：
1
、空间、时间、顺序、等级上，在两者之间：
Between two strange buildings stands a tree.
His age is between sixty and seventy.
2
、表示两者之间的某种关系
He has to decide between life and death.
This is a secret
between life and death
（仅在我们俩之间）
.
Kyou should learn between lines
（字里行间）
.
13
、
beyond
基本意思：
be+yond
（在彼处）
=
在…之外
引申含义：
1
、
“在远处、在…的那一边”
What lies beyond my reach.
2
、
“超出…的限度”
（能力认识）
The fruit was beyond my reach.
3
、
“除…了”
I can
’
t tell you anything beyond what you already know.
固定搭配：
1
、
beyond words
无法形容
2
、
beyond understanding
难以理解
3
、
beyond cure
无可救药
4
、
beyond endurance
无法忍受
14
、
by
可编辑版
.
基本意思：
by
后面的名词很重要
引申含义：
1
、在…旁边
We prefer a table by the window.
2
、到…时候
We have studied several prepositions by now.
I shall have finished the work by the time you return.
3
、通过…
;
根据…
;
He can tell the direction by the stars.
Don
’
t judge a person by his looks.
4
、按…计算
Eggs are usually sold by dozen.
The temperature has risen by 5 degrees.
5
、被…；
He was shocked by what he had seen.
固定搭配：
1
、
by accident/chance
偶然
2
、
by all means
想尽一切办法、一定要
3
、
by no means
绝不、一点儿也不
4
、
by turns
轮流
5
、
by mistake
出于误会
15
、
despite
基本意思：
尽管、不顾
=in spite of
The old professor kept on working despite his poor health.
16
、
down
可编辑版
.
基本意思：
向下
引申含义：
1
、表示自上而下
In order to catch the bus they run down the hill.
Tears run down her face quietly.
2
、沿着河、沿着路
He walked down the road.
We sailed down the river.
固定搭配
Sth break down
坏了
Let sb down
令某人失望
17
、
during
基本意思：
在…期间
引申含义：
1
、在
整个
…期间
Not a word did they say during the meal.
I haven
’
t had any meat during the last several years.
2
、在…期间的
某个时刻
I saw Linda during the meeting.
18
、
except
基本意思：
ex-cept
拿出来
Everyone was here except Tom.
【注意】
besides
表示“加”
，
except
表 示“减”
可编辑版
.
19
、
for
基本意思：
“为”
引申含义：
1
、为了
I bought a gift for you.
He played football for England.
He paid 50 cents for that book.
2
、因为
Bejing is famous for its long history.
I thank you for what you have done for me.
3
、作为
I had some chocolate for breakfast.
4
、表示时间、距离的长短
I haven
’
t seen you for years.
For miles and miles you see nothing but trees.
固定搭配：
long for; thirst for
…
渴望…
for the moment; for the present
现在、此刻
for the sake of
…
为了
I bear all this for the sake of my work.
for my part
对我而言
for fear of
…
唯恐
.../
以防
...
for pleasure; for fun
为了消遣
for sale
出售
可编辑版
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