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上海市黄浦区2018年届高三英语一模

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2021-01-26 08:03
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2021年1月26日发(作者:官府菜)
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黄浦区
2018
学年第一学期期末质量试卷

高三英语



























(满分
140
分,完卷时间
120
分钟)

















2018.12


. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions

After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For
the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word
that best fits each blank.

Just How Buggy is Your Phone?
What it
em in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say ___21___ toilet seat, you’re wrong. Kitchen sponges top
the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germs as toilet seats. People touch their
phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean them.
In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a
widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone’s owner reported
the theft before ___22___

die

from the disease. Soon,
the thief began showing symptoms and finally ___23___

confess

to the crime.
___24___ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact,
the
y could provide helpful information. Look at the surface of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars?“That's all
you,”says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton
-
Marcell.“That’s biological information.”

It
turns
out
that
the
types
of
germs
that
you
apply
all
over
your
phone
or
tablet
are
different
from
___25___ of
your
friends and family. They’re like a fingerprint that could identify you. Some day in the future, investigators may use these
microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.
In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants’ homes, ___26___ countertops and floors to
computer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner. The office
equipment was easiest to match to its owner. In an ___27___

early

study, a different group of researchers found that they
could use microbial fingerprints to identify the person who ___28___

use

a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat
untouched for two weeks at room temperature.
One day, microbial signatures might show ___29___ people have gone and what they have touched. They could prove
___30___ an unmarked device is yours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just bother
you?

Section B
Directions

Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that
there is one word more than you need.
A. measurement


B. similar


C. remarkably




D. monetary


E. astronomy


F. altered
G. civilization




H. defined


I. independence


J. invariably


K. dominated

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The Nile
The ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-
as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians
depend
on
the
river
for
food,
for
water
and
for
life.
The
Ancient
Egyptians
were
able
to
control
and
use
the
Nile,
creating
the
earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.
Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich
deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topaoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and
leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver
water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.
An early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom,
a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river-- ___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.
The
Egyptians
took
up
some
of
the
earliest
trading
missions.
Without
a(n)
___35___
system
they
exchanged
goods,
bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced:
surgeons
performed
operations
to
remove
cysts
(囊肿)
.
Mummification
gave
them
great
understanding
of
the
human
body-yet
they
also
relied
heavily
on
various
medicines
to
prevent
disease,
and
discoveries
were
often
confused
with
superstition
(迷信)
. And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.
By the 16
th
century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic
Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War

. The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a
center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the
Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million
-the largest in
the Arab world.


. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions

For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each
blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty Cities
Water covers 71% of Earth’s surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as a sour
ce of fresh water. ___41___ on this limited
resources is rising, a trend likely to continue.
It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who ___42___ water. Agriculture, industry and tourism often
require more water than the municipal water supply. Globally, 70% of fresh water is ___43___ for agriculture, but locally in
heavily irrigated
(灌溉)
areas this can increate to 90%. A healthy environment also requires fresh water, and the quality of
available water is as important as its ___44___.
Water
stress
is
not
always
caused by
physical
shortages
in
dry
areas.
___45___
for
water
resources
between
different
users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.
Every thirsty city operates within its own context, ___46___ to the challenge of providing adequate water supplies. Cape
Town, ___47___, has faced three years of drought during which winter rains failed to materialize. At the end of the 2017
rainy season the city faced the ___48___ of its dams running dry during 2018. The dams were only 37% full

in the same
week four years before they were full to the top. In January 2018, it was ___49___ that Cape Town would reach Day Zero,
when it would be forced to turn off the taps, in April. This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half,
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from 1.2 billion litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres, and working ___50___ with industry and agriculture to
reduce demand.
On February 1, the authorities put in place a strict limit of 50 litres of water per person per day. ___51___, in Britain this
is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.
In
addition,
a
ban
was
placed
on
using
___52___
water
for
gardens,
water
management
devices
were
installed
at
household with a high water use and the water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks. At the same, the city launched
a media ___53___ to change habits and introduced higher duties. This is not without its costs; agriculture and tourism, both
significant
areas
of
employment,
have
___54___.
It
is
a
classic
example
of
the
problem
of
water
economics-the
cost
of
water is low but the cost of a lack of water is very high.
Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm. The ___55___ of Day Zero must serve
as a wake- up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water management strategies to cope with an uncertain
future.

41. A. Impact

42. A. recycle

43. A. restored

44. A. change





B. Pressure
B. waste

B. source

















C. Impression

C. consume
C. origin



C. separated

C. Construction
C. responding

C. symptom

C. predicted

C. restrictively

C. inevitable

C. presentation
C. suffered
C. record
(A)

Despite
an
advertisement
campaign
suggesting
wall-to-
wall
special
effects,
“Bridge
of
Terabithia”
is
grounded
in
reality far more than in fantasy. Adapting Katherine Paterson’s award
-winning novel, the screenwriters David Paterson and
Jeff
Stockwell
have
produced
a
thoughtful
and
extremely
affecting
story
of
a
transformative
friendship
between
two
unusually gifted children. The result is a movie whose emotional depth could appeal more to adults than to their children.

Jess Aarons (Josh Hutcherson) is a sixth grader with four sisters, financially tensed parents and a talent for drawing. An
introverted(
内向的
) kid who is regularly picked on by the school buses, Jess forms a bond with a new student named Leslie
(Anna Sophia Robb), a free spirit whose parents, both writers, are fondly neglectful. An attraction between outsiders, their
friendship feeds on her words and his pictures; together they create an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes,
a world they can control and where their minds can wander free.

Beautifully
capturing
a
time
when
a
bully
in
school
can
occur
as
large
as
a
monster
in
a
nightmare
and
the
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D. Observation
D. apply
D. preserved
D. volume
D. Regulation
D. referring
D. as a result
D. security
D. explained
D. extensively
D. What’s more

D. influential
D. advertisement
D. proceeded
D. threat
B. abstracted

B. Protection

B. regarding

B. for example

B. presented

B. increasingly
B. drinkable

B. statement

B. liberated
B. theory


45. A. Competition
46. A. contributing

47. A. in addition

48. A. prospect
49. A. reported

C. on the contrary




B. illustration

50. A. respectively

52. A. feasible
53. A. campaign
54. A. invaded
55. A. change

Section B




51. A. By comparison
B. In other words

C. To our surprise



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encouragement of a teacher can alter the course of a life, “Bridge to Terabithia” keeps the fantasy in the background to find
magic
in
the
everyday.
Gabor
Csupo
directs
this,
his
first
feature,
like
someone
close
to
the
pain
of
being
different,
fascinated in tiny, perfect details.

With strong performances from all the leads, “Bridge

to Terabithia” is able to handle adult topics with sensitivity. As
the emotional landscape darkens, those who haven’t read the book may be surprised at the sorrow the filmmakers cause
without ever resorting to horror or terror. In other words, your childr
en may cry, but they won’t be
traumatized
so badly.

Consistently
smart
and
delicate
as
a
spider
web,
“Bridge
to
Terabithia”
is
the
kind
of
children’s
movie
rarely
seen
nowadays.
At
a
time
when
many
public
schools
are
being
forced
to
cut
music
and
art
from
the
curriculum,
the
story’s
insistence on the healing power of a cultivated imagination is both welcome and essential.

56.
The second paragraph indicates that Jess and Leslie ________.














(B)











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A. lost their control over the imaginary kingdom
B. looked down on their individual realities
C. formed a good friendship despite their different talents
D. wrote a book about a magical land called Terabithia
A. criticized


B. ignored


C. delighted


D. shocked
57.
Which of the following words is most likely to replace “
traumatized
” (paragraph 4)?

58.
The two children most likely ________.
A. skipped school to play in the woods behind their campus
B. created an imaginary world as an escape from reality
C. disappointed their parents with their over-active imaginations
D. won against the bullies at school with strong performances
A. The fantasy components of the movie were too over-done.
B. The movie is motional but not much too dramatic.
C. “Bridge to Terabithia” has a negative impact on public school education.

D. Children shouldn’t watch the film as they are too young to understand the topics.

59.
Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?
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Hot Air Balloons

A hot air balloon is made
up of 3 main parts:

The Envelope
The
actual
fabric
balloon
which holds the air

The Burner
The unit which pushes the
heat up into the envelope

The Basket

Where the passengers and
pilot stand


The basis of how the balloon works is that warmer air rises in cooler air. This is because hot air is lighter than cool air
as it has less mass per unit of volume. Mass can be defined by the measure of how much matter something contains. The
actual balloon has to be large as it takes a large amount of heated air to lift it off the


ground.



The burner uses propane gas to heat up the air in the envelope to move the balloon off the ground and into the air. The
pilot must keep firing the burner at regular intervals throughout the flight to ensure that the balloon continues to the stable.
Naturally, the hot air will not escape from the hot at the very bottom of the envelop as firstly, hot air rises and secondly, the
floating power keeps it moving up.


To move the balloon upwards, the pilot opens up the propane value which lets the propane flow to the burner which in
turn frees the flame up into the envelope. It works in much the same way as a gas grill: the more you open the valve, the
bigger the flame to beat the air and the faster the balloon rises.



The “Parachute Valve” at the very top of the balloon is what is used to bring the balloon down towards the ground. It is a
circle of fabric cut out of the top of the envelop which is controlled by a rope which runs down through the middle of the
envelope to the basket. If the pilot wants to bring the balloon down, he or she simply pulls on the rope which will open the
valve, letting hot air escape, decreasing the inner air temperature. This cooling of air causes the balloon to slow its rise.


The pilot can operate horizontally by changing the vertical position of the balloon because the wind blows in different
directions at different altitudes. If the pilot wants to move in a particular direction, he or she simply arises and falls to the
appropriate level and rides with the wind.



60. The purpose of this article is to __________.
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