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高中英语课文原文选修六
Unit 1 Art- Reading
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed
many
times.
As
there
are
so
many
different
styles
of
Western
art,
it
would
be
impossible
to
describe
all
of
them
in
such
a
short
text.
Consequently,
this
text
will
describe
only
the
most
important ones, starting from the sixth century AD.
The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD)
During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A
conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really
were.
A
typical
picture
at
this
time
was
full
of
religious
symbols,
which
created
feeling
of
respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when
painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
The Renaissance (15th to 16th century)
During
the
Renaissance,
new
ideas
and
values
gradually
replaced
those
held
in
the
Middle began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic
attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art.
They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own
paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists
to
paint
pictures
of
themselves,
their
houses
and
possessions
as
well
as
their
activities
and
achievements.
One
of
the
most
important
discoveries
during
this
period
was
how
to
draw
things
in
perspective.
This
technique
was
first
used
by
Masaccio
in
1428.
When
people
first
saw
his
paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If
the
roles
of
perspective
had
not
been
discovered,
no
one
would
have
been
able
to
paint
such
realistic
pictures.
By
coincidence,
oil
paints
were
also
developed
at
this
time,
which
made
the
colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique,
we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)
In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal. from a mostly agricultural society
to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were
many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles.
Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists,
who lived and worked in Paris.
The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how
light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes
so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of
earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angr about it.
They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.
Modern Art (20th century to today)
At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today
they
are
accepted
as
the
beginning
of
what
we
call
art
This
is
because
the
Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of
modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist.
On the one hand, some modem art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects
as
we
see
them
with
our
eyes,
but
instead
concentrates on
certain
qualities
of
the
object,
using
colour, line and shape to represent them. On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so
realistic
that
they
look
like
photographs.
These
styles
are
so
different.
Who
can
predict
what
painting styles there will be in the future?
THE BEST OF MANHA
TTAN’S ART GALLERIES
The Frick Collection (5th Avenue and E.70th Street)
Many
art
lovers
would
rather
visit
this
small
art
gallery
than
any
other
in
New York.
Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection
to the American people. Frick had a preference for pre-twentieth century Western paintings, and
these are well- represented in this excellent collection. You can also explore Frick's beautiful home
and garden which are well worth a Visit.
Guggenheim Museum(5th Avenue and 88th Street)
This museum owns 5,000 superb modern paintings, sculptures and drawings. These art
works are not all displayed at the same time. The exhibition is always changing. It will appeal to
those
who
love
Impressionist
and
Post-Impressionist
paintings.
The
Guggenheim
Museum
building is also world-famous. When you walk into gallery, you feel as if you
were inside a fragile, white seashell. The best way to see the paintings is to start from the top floor
and walk down to the bottom. There are no stairs just a circular path. The museum also has an
excellent restaurant.
Metropolitan Museum of Art (5th Avenue and 82nd Street)
The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection. This covers more
than 5,000 years of civilization from many parts of the world, including America, Europe, China,
Egypt, other African countries and South America. The museum displays more than just the visual
delights of art. It introduces you to ancient ways of living. You can visit an Egyptian temple, a
fragrant
Ming
garden,
a
typical
room
in
an
18th
century
French
house
and
many
other
special
exhibitions.
Museum of Modern Art (53rd Street, between 5th and 6th Avenues)
It
is
amazing
that
so
many
great
works
of
art
from
the
late
19th
century
to
the
21st
century are housed in the same museum. The collection of Western art includes paintings by such
famous artists as Monet, Van Gogh, Picasso and Matisse. A few words of warning: the admission
price is not cheap and the museum is often very crowded.
Whitney Museum of American Art (945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street)
The
Whitney
holds
an
excellent
collection
of
contemporary
American
painting
and
sculpture. There are no permanent displays in this museum and exhibitions change all the time.
Every two years, the Whitney holds a special exhibition of new art by living artists. The museum
also shows videos and films by contemporary video artists.
选修
6 Unit 2 Poems- Reading
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
There are various reasons why people write poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe
something
in
a
way
that
will
give
the
reader
a
strong
impression.
Others
try
to
convey
certain
emotions. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. In this text, however,
we will look at a few of the simpler forms.
Some
of
the
first
poetry
a
young
child
learns
in
English
is
nursery
rhymes.
These
rhymes like the one on the right (A) are still a common type of children's poetry. The language is
concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm
and a lot of repetition. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are
easy
to
learn
and
recite.
By
playing
with
the
words
in
nursery
rhymes,
children
learn
about
language.
A
Hush,
little
baby,
don't
say
a
word,
Papa's
going
to
buy
you
a
mockingbird.
If
that
mockingbird won't sing, Papa's going to buy
you a diamond ring.
If that diamond
ring turns to
brass, Papa's going to buy you a looking-glass. If that looking-glass gets broke, Papa's going to
buy you a billy-goat. If that billy-goat runs away, Papa's going to buy you another today.
One of the simplest kinds of poems are those like B and C that list things. List poems
have
a
flexible
line
length
and
repeated phrases
which
give
both
a
pattern
and
a
rhythm
to
the
poem. Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C).
B
I saw a fish-portal all on fire
I saw a fish-pond all on fire,
I saw a house bow to a squire,
I saw a person twelve-feet high,
I saw a cottage in the sky,
I saw a balloon made of lead,
I saw a coffin drop down dead,
I saw two sparrows run a race,
I saw two horses making lace,
I saw g girl just like a cat,
I saw a kitten wear a hat,
I saw a man who saw these too,
And said though strange they all were true.
C
Our first football match
We would have won ...
if Jack had scored that goal,
if we'd had just a few more minutes,
if we had trained harder,
if Ben had passed the ball to Joe,
if we'd had thousands of fans screaming,
if I hadn't taken my eye off the ball,
if we hadn't stayed up so late the night before,
if we hadn't taken it easy,
if we hadn't run out of energy.
We would have won ...
if we'd been better!
Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made
up of five lines. With these, students can convey a strong picture in just a few words. Look at the
examples (D and E) on the top of the next page.
D
Brother Beautiful, athletic Teasing, shouting, laughing Friend and enemy too Mine
E
Summer Sleepy, salty Drying, drooping, dreading Week in, week out Endless
F
A fallen blossom Is coming back to the branch. Look, a butterfly!
( by Moritake)
G
Snow having melted, The whole village is brimful Of happy children.
(by Issa)
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables. It is not a traditional
form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy to write and, like the
cinquain , can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using the minimum of words. The
two haiku poems (F and G) above are translations from the Japanese.
H
Where
she
awaits
her
husband
On
and
on
the
river
flows.
Never
looking
back,Transformed into by day upon the mountain top,wind and rain the
traveller return,this stone would utter speech.,
(by Wang Jian)
Did
you
know
that
English
speakers
also
enjoy
other
forms
of
Asian
poetry
-
Tang
poems from China in particular? A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English. This Tang
poem (H) is a translation from the Chinese.
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to
write poems of their own. It is easier than you might think and certainly worth a try!
I'VE SA
VED THE SUMMER
I've saved the summer
And I give it all to you
To hold on winter mornings
When the snow is new.
I've saved some sunlight
If you should ever need
A place away from darkness
Where your mind can feed.
And for myself I've kept your smile
When you were but nineteen,
Till you're older you'll not know
What brave young smiles can mean.
I know no answers
To help you on your way
The answers lie somewhere
At the bottom of the day.
But if you've a need for love
I'll give you all l own
It might help you down the road
Till you've found your own.
(by Rod McKuen)
选修
6 Unit 3 A healthy life-Reading
ADVICE FROM GRANDAD
Dear James,
It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. I have
just
returned from a long bike ride to an old castle. It
seems amazing that at
my age
I
am still
fit
enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. It's my birthday in two weeks time and I'll be
82
years old! I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
This brings me to the real reason for my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells me that
you
started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up. Believe me, I
know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop. You see, during adolescence I
also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.
By the way, did you know that this is because you become addicted in three different ways?
First,
you
can
become
physically
addicted
to
nicotine,
which
is
one
of
the
hundreds
of
chemicals
in
cigarettes. This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.
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