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高中英语课文原文选修六
Unit 1 Art-Reading
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art
have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it
would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this
text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD.
The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD)
During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious
themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature
and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious
symbols, which created
feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that
ideas
were
changing
in
the
13th
century
when
painters
like
Giotto
di
Bondone
began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
The Renaissance (15th to 16th century)
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During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held
in
the
Middle
began
to
concentrate
less
on
religious
themes
and
adopt
a
more
humanistic
attitude
to
life.
At
the
same
time
painters
returned
to
classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as
they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could
decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint
pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and
achievements.
One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw
things
in
perspective.
This
technique
was
first
used
by
Masaccio
in
1428.
When
people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through
a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the roles of perspective had not been discovered,
no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil
paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings
look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would
not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)
In
the
late
19th
century,
Europe
changed
a
great
deal.
from
a
mostly
agricultural
society
to
a
mostly
industrial
one.
Many
people
moved
from
the
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countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes.
Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who
broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived
and worked in Paris.
The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager
to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However,
because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly.
Their
paintings
were
not
as
detailed
as
those
of
earlier
painters.
At
first,
many
people disliked this style of painting and became very angr about it. They said that
the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.
Modern Art (20th century to today)
At
the
time
they
were
created,
the
Impressionist
paintings
were
controversial,
but
today
they
are
accepted
as
the
beginning
of
what
we
call
environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles, but without the
Impressionists,
many
of
these
painting
styles
might
not
exist.
On
the
one
hand,
some modem art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects
as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the
object, using colour, line and shape to represent them. On the other hand, some
paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs. These styles
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are so different. Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future?
THE BEST OF MANHATTAN
’
S ART GALLERIES
The Frick Collection (5th Avenue and E.70th Street)
Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in
New
York.
Henry
Clay
Frick,
a
rich
New
Yorker,
died
in
1919,
leaving
his
house,
furniture
and
art
collection
to
the
American
people.
Frick
had
a
preference
for
pre- twentieth
century
Western
paintings,
and
these
are
well-represented
in
this
excellent collection. You can also explore Frick's beautiful home and garden which
are well worth a Visit.
Guggenheim Museum(5th Avenue and 88th Street)
This
museum
owns
5,000
superb
modern
paintings,
sculptures
and
drawings. These art works are not all displayed at the same time. The exhibition is
always
changing.
It
will
appeal
to
those
who
love
Impressionist
and
Post-Impressionist
paintings.
The
Guggenheim
Museum
building
is
also
world-famous. When you walk into gallery, you feel as if you
were inside a fragile, white seashell. The best way to see the paintings is to start
from the top floor and walk down to the bottom. There are no stairs just a circular
path. The museum also has an excellent restaurant.
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Metropolitan Museum of Art (5th Avenue and 82nd Street)
The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection. This
covers more than 5,000 years of civilization from many parts of the world, including
America,
Europe,
China,
Egypt,
other
African
countries
and
South
America.
The
museum
displays
more
than
just
the
visual
delights
of
art.
It
introduces
you
to
ancient ways of living. You can visit an Egyptian temple, a fragrant Ming garden, a
typical room in an 18th century French house and many other special exhibitions.
Museum of Modern Art (53rd Street, between 5th and 6th Avenues)
It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to
the 21st century are housed in the same museum. The collection of Western art
includes paintings by such famous artists as Monet, Van Gogh, Picasso and Matisse.
A few words of warning: the admission price is not cheap and the museum is often
very crowded.
Whitney Museum of American Art (945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street)
The
Whitney
holds
an
excellent
collection
of
contemporary
American
painting
and
sculpture.
There
are
no
permanent
displays
in
this
museum
and
exhibitions
change
all
the
time.
Every
two
years,
the
Whitney
holds
a
special
exhibition of new art by living artists. The museum also shows videos and films by
contemporary video artists.
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选修
6 Unit 2 Poems-Reading
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
There
are
various
reasons
why
people
write
poetry.
Some
poems
tell
a
story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression.
Others try to convey certain emotions. Poets use many different forms of poetry to
express themselves. In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms.
Some of the first poetry a young child learns in English is nursery rhymes.
These rhymes
like the one
on the right
(A) are
still
a
common
type of
children's
poetry. The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children
because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. The poems may
not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite.
By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.
A
Hush, little baby, don't say a word, Papa's going to buy you a mockingbird. If
that
mockingbird
won't
sing,
Papa's
going
to
buy
you
a
diamond
ring.
If
that
diamond
ring
turns
to
brass,
Papa's
going
to
buy
you
a
looking-glass.
If
that
looking-glass
gets
broke,
Papa's
going
to
buy
you
a
billy-goat.
If
that
billy-goat
runs away, Papa's going to buy you another today.
One of the simplest kinds of poems are those like B and C that list things.
List
poems
have
a
flexible
line
length
and
repeated
phrases
which
give
both
a
pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C).
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B
I saw a fish-portal all on fire
I saw a fish-pond all on fire,
I saw a house bow to a squire,
I saw a person twelve-feet high,
I saw a cottage in the sky,
I saw a balloon made of lead,
I saw a coffin drop down dead,
I saw two sparrows run a race,
I saw two horses making lace,
I saw g girl just like a cat,
I saw a kitten wear a hat,
I saw a man who saw these too,
And said though strange they all were true.
C
Our first football match
We would have won ...
if Jack had scored that goal,
if we'd had just a few more minutes,
if we had trained harder,
if Ben had passed the ball to Joe,
if we'd had thousands of fans screaming,
if I hadn't taken my eye off the ball,
if we hadn't stayed up so late the night before,
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if we hadn't taken it easy,
if we hadn't run out of energy.
We would have won ...
if we'd been better!
Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain,
a poem made up of five lines. With these, students can convey a strong picture in
just a few words. Look at the examples (D and E) on the top of the next page.
D
Brother Beautiful, athletic Teasing, shouting, laughing Friend and enemy too
Mine
E
Summer Sleepy, salty Drying, drooping, dreading Week in, week out Endless
F
A fallen blossom Is coming back to the branch. Look, a butterfly!
( by Moritake)
G
Snow having melted, The whole village is brimful Of happy children.
(by Issa)
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables. It is not a
traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy
to write and, like the cinquain , can give a clear picture and create a special feeling
using the minimum of words. The two haiku poems (F and G) above are translations
from the Japanese.
H
Where
she
awaits
her
husband
On
and
on
the
river
flows.
Never
looking
back,Transformed
into
by
day
upon
the
mountain
top,wind
and
rain
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the traveller return,this stone would utter speech.,
(by Wang Jian)
Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry
- Tang poems from China in particular? A lot of T
ang poetry has been translated
into English. This Tang poem (H) is a translation from the Chinese.
With
so
many
different
forms
of
poetry
to
choose
from,
students
may
eventually want to write poems of their own. It is easier than you might think and
certainly worth a try!
I'VE SAVED THE SUMMER
I've saved the summer
And I give it all to you
To hold on winter mornings
When the snow is new.
I've saved some sunlight
If you should ever need
A place away from darkness
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Where your mind can feed.
And for myself I've kept your smile
When you were but nineteen,
Till you're older you'll not know
What brave young smiles can mean.
I know no answers
To help you on your way
The answers lie somewhere
At the bottom of the day.
But if you've a need for love
I'll give you all l own
It might help you down the road
Till you've found your own.
(by Rod McKuen)
选修
6 Unit 3 A healthy life-Reading
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ADVICE FROM GRANDAD
Dear James,
It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden.
I have
just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle. It seems amazing that at
my age I am still
fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. It's my birthday
in two weeks time and I'll be
82 years old! I think my long and active life must be
due to the healthy life I live.
This brings me to the real reason for my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells
me that
you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult
to give it up. Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is
to
stop.
You
see,
during
adolescence
I
also
smoked
and
became
addicted
to
cigarettes.
By
the
way,
did
you
know
that
this
is
because
you
become
addicted
in
three
different ways?
First, you can become physically addicted to nicotine, which is one
of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes. This means that after a while your body
becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. So when the drug leaves your body,
you get withdrawal symptoms. I remember feeling bad- tempered and sometimes
even in pain. Secondly, you become addicted through habit. As you know, if you do
the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically. Lastly, you
can
become
mentally
addicted.
I
believed
I
was
happier
and
more
relaxed
after
having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked. I
was
addicted
in
all
three
ways,
so
it
was
very
difficult
to
quit.
But
I
did
finally
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