(完整版)高中英语语法省略句

2021年1月26日发(作者：飞蚁)
省略句

为了使话说得简明扼要，
英语句子中某个单词、
短语甚至从 句或主句都可以省去。
这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（
elli psis
）

种类

例句

说明

Beautiful
day
(=
It
is
a
beautiful
有时也可省略整个句子的主
主语的省略

day), isn’t it?

语和谓语，只保留次要成分。

Pity we live so far from the sea. (It
She
was
poor
but
(she
was)
is a pity we live so far from the sea.)
honest.
--what
do
you
think
made
Mary
so
--Did
you
know
anything
about the accident?
--Not
until
you
told
me.
(=
I
didn’t
know
anything
about
it
until you told me.)

谓语的省略

upset?
--Losing
her
new
bicycle
(made
Mary so upset).
Seen from the plane (when it is seen
from the plane), the house looks like
状语从句的省略

tiny toys.
If (it
is) possible,
I’ll
go there with
you.
注意状语从句中的主语
同主句主语的一致性。

若不定式后面是完成时，
The
boy
wanted
to
ride
his
bicycle
in the street, but his mother told him
not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the
不定式的省略

street.)
--
Alice,
why
didn’t
you
come
yesterday?
--I
was
going
to
(come
yesterday),
but I had an unexpected visitor.
省略时应保留
have
；
不定< br>式后含有动词
be
的结构
时，也要保留
be
动词。

--Did
you
tell
him
the
news?
--I ought to have (told him
the
news),
but
I
didn’t
know how to speak.
--Are you an engineer?
--No, but I want to be.

Ⅰ
、状语从句中的省略用法



一、

如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，
且从句的谓语含有be
动词的某种形式
（
am/is/are/was/were
）
，可同时省略从句的主语和
be
动词的某种形式。

1
、

when
，
while
引导的时间状语从句

e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.



When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.
2
、

if
，
unl ess
，
once
引导的条件状语从句

e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.



I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited.




Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.
3
、

though
，
although
，
whether
，no matter whether/what/how/who
等引导的
让步状语从句

e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.




Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.




No
matter
how/However
hard
the
task
(is),
we
must
fulfill
it
in
time.
（< br>注
：
从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，
只省略从句中的
be
动词形式）

4
、

as if
，
as though
引导的方式状语从句

e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a
long sleep.




He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.
（
as if/though + to do
表示
一个将来的动作）


二、

than< br>，
as
引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法
：当不同的主语进行比较时，
一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（
be
动词除外）和主句中
的主语与谓 语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。

e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).




I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.

三、

以
if
从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法
：通常省略了
it is
，
that is
，
there is/are
。

e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.




If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.




There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any.

Ⅱ
、定语从句中的省略用法


关系词的省略



关系代词
that
，
which
，
whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语
且不位于介词之后时，
可以省略；
in whic h
或
that
在先行词
way
后作方式状语从
句时可省略。

e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.




I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.


Ⅲ
、虚拟语气中
if
及
should
的省略


1
、

当条件状语从句中有
were
，
had
，
should
等时省略
if
，把它们提至句首，形
成倒装句。

e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.


= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
2
、

Suggest
，
insist
，
order
，
require
等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句
中， 谓语动词常用
“should+
动词原形
”
，
should
可以省略。

e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.

Ⅳ
、不定式符号
to
的省略


1
、

感官动词
see
，
hear
，feel
，
watch
等和使役动词
have
，
mak e
，
let
等后接不定
式作宾语时，
不定式省略
to
。
(
一感
feel,
二听
hear, listen to,
三让
have, let, make,
四看
see, look at, observe, watch)
2
、

do nothing but
，
can’t help but
等结构常接省略
to
的不定式。

E.g
. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.





Hearing th
e news, she couldn’t help but cry.

3
、

在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在
wan t
，
wish
，
hope
，
try
，
pl an
，
like
，
love
，
hate
后往往只保 留
to
，而省略后面的动词。但不定式
后有
be
，
have
时，也保留
be
和
have
。

E.g
. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to.


Ⅴ、
So
和
not
的替代性省略


用于 避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词
so/not
替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。
可与
believe
，
do
，
expect
，
fear
，
guess
，
hope
，
say
，
sp eak
，
suppose
，
think
，
I’m
afraid
等连用

e.g.
–
Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting?
–
I suppose not.


Ⅵ
、日常交际中的省略


在情景会话中，
答语常常省略不 会引起歧义的主语、
谓语或宾语部分，
而只保留对方希望了
解的内容。在复合句或并列 句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。

e.g.
–
How many copies do you want?


-- (I want) Three copies, please.



-- Have you ever been to the Great Wall?

-- No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).


随讲随练
1
、
—
Lucy
，
could you please spare me a few minutes?

—
____
，
but I hope
A. It doesn't matter
B. That's kind of you

C. I'm afraid not


D. I guess so
2
、
—
Hey
，
taxi!

—
_____

—
I want to go to the dentist's.
A. Good morning, sir.
B. Nice to see you, sir.

C. Where to, sir?




D. What are you going to do, sir?
3
、
The doctor expresses his strong desire that the patient _____ immediately.
A. be operated on



B. operated on

C. was operated on

D. would be operated on
4
、
When he came back, he found the bag he had ____ over the seat was gone.
A. left to hang
B. left hanging
C. left hung
D. to leave hanging
5
、
Liu Xiang spoke slowly to the Special Olympic competitors so as to have
them____.
A. understand him
B. to be understood

C. be understood

D. to understand him
6
、
—
Are there any English story books for us students in the library?

—
There are only a few, ____.
A. if any
B. if have
C. if some
D. if has
8
、
—
Does Betty know where her violin is?

—
She saw somebody walking off with one, but she doesn't know____.
A. whose
B. it
C. whom
D. which
9
、
—
Aren't you the manager?

—
No, and I ____.
A. don't want
B. don't want to
C. don't want to be
D. don't