中国的英语教育政策及其作用

2021年1月26日发(作者：thickness)


中国的英语教育政策及其作用

The Policy of English Education

and Its Effect in China
黄宗植




















Huang Zongzhi
摘要：
中国政府制定并采取了一 系列英语教育政策，
使英语教育在中国各个教育阶段占据重
要地位。
中国英语教育政策 符合国情，
实践证明是行之有效的。
欲全面提高中国的英语教育
水平，英语教育政策今 后有待于改进和完善，师资水平有待于提高，教学有待于改革。

Abstract:
A
series
of
English
education
policy
has
been
established
and
put
into
effect,
which
make sure that English education occupies an important place on all the education levels in China.
Chinese English education policies are in conformity with its national conditions and have been
proved to be workable in practice. In order to make an all-round development in Chinese English
education, the improvement of English education policy, the progress of teaching skills and refom
of teaching methods are necessary.
在中国中小学和大学进行普遍而大规模地进行英语教育是近
30
年的事情。外语课在中国各
个阶段教育中占据十分重要的地位，
而英语在各级各类学校的外语 课中占绝对优势地位。
目
前，中国中小学绝大多数学生外语学的是英语。以吉林省为例，小学共 有
82.7
万多人学习
外语
,
全部是英语
;
初中学 习外语学生数为
90.6
万多人
,
其中学习英语的学生数为
90.3
万多人。

It was as recently as 30 years ago a general and large-scaled English education had its begaining
in Chinese primary and secondary schools and universities. Courses of foreign languages occupy a
very important place on all levels of education in China. Recently the overwhelming majority of
Chinese
students
in
schools
and
universities
are
studying
English.
Take
Jilin
province
as
an
example, a total of more than 827 thousant premary students are studying English and no one is
studying other foreign language and in junior high schools 903 thousant students out of a total of
more than 906 thousant are studying English.
30
年来，英语课教学工作取得了长足的进步，教学质量有了较大幅度的提 高，民众的英语
普及程度有一定的提高。
这主要缘于中国政府采取一系列强有力的英语教育政策 ，
确保了英
语教育的地位。中国政府采取的政策，符合中国国情，经过实践证明是行之有效的。 当然，
中国的英语教育当前还存在不少问题，
需要中国政府继续完善有关政策，
保持英 语教育地位；
加强教师培训，推进教学改革，以不断提高英语教育质量。

For the past 30 years a significant progress has been witnessed in English teaching, the quality of
which has been increased and quite an improvement of English popularization has been made
among
the
common
people.
All
this
success
has
come
from
the
series
of
forceful
English
education policies adopted by Chinese government, which ensure the important place occupied
by
English
education.
These
policies
are
in
comformity
with
Chinese
conditions
and
efficient
proved by practice. Certainly the English education in China has still many problems to be solved.
Chinese government should go on in improving relevant policies, maintaining the important place
of English education, strenthening the training of teaching staff and pushing forward the teaching
reform to constantly improve English teaching quality.
政府推行的政策，确保了英语教育的地位

I. The place of English education is ensured by the policies adopted by the Chinese government.
中国政府十分重视各个教 育阶段中的英语教育，
在课程设置、
课时安排和考试安排等方面都
保障了英语教育的核 心地位。

Chinese government pays great attention on English education on all levels and ensures a central
place in Curriculum, class time, examinations, etc.
基础教育中的地位

a. The place of basic education
中国从上个世纪
90
年代起小学开始设置英语课，
1992
年国家教育委员会颁布的九年义务教
育全日制小 学、初级中学课程计划规定，有条件的小学可以增设英语。
2001
年教育部颁布
的义 务教育课程设置实验方案，
将英语课正式纳入小学课程，
并规定小学开设英语课程的起
始年级一般为
3
年级。

China
started
to
set
English
classes
in
primary
schools
in
1990s.
In
1992
State
Education
Commission
issued
the
Curriculum
Regulation
for
whole-day
primary
junior
high
schools
of
nine-year compulsory education, according to which qualified premary schools can have English
courses as an addition to other courses. In 2001 the Education Ministry issued the Experimental
Plan
on
curriculum
of
compulsory
education,
which
formally
put
the
English
courses
into
the
curriculum of primary schools and stipulated that from the 3rd grade the students should take
English courses.

目前，
北京、上海等少数省、市从小 学
1
年级起设置英语课。
按国家教育部颁布的课程设置
方案，英语课从小学< br>3
年级起到初中毕业达到的总课时比例达
6-8%
。英语课的总课时，仅
次于同样从小学三年级起设置的科学
（初中阶段含生物、
物理和化学）
课程的课时比 例
（
7-9%
）
。
在初中升高中考试中，英语课占有较重的份量。以 吉林省为例，
2009
年考试满分
600
分，
其中语文、数学和英语 各占
120
分。近几年来，中国进行高考科目改革，
有些省份采取了不
同的高 考科目设置方案。
很多省都采取
“
3+X
”
设置方案，
“< br>3
”
指的是语文、
数学和英语
（外
语）
，
“
X
”在有些省指的是一科即理科综合或文科综合，在有些省指的是多科。可见，不管
“
X
”怎么变英语的核心地位是不变的

Recently
in
some
provinces
or
cities
such
as
Beijing,
Shanghai,
from
the
very
1st
grade
in
the
primary schools students begain to take English classes. According to
the curriculum issued by
the State Education Ministry, the time of English classes from the 3rd grade in primary schools to
the last year of junior high schools should be 6-8% of that for all the classes. The total time of
English classes is only less than that of Science
（
including biology, physics and chemics for junior
high level
）
, which is started from the 3rd grade and the time proportion between English and all
the classes should be 7-9%. English weighs heavily in the entrance examinations for senior high
schools. Take Jilin as an example, the full marks for Chinese, mathematics and English were 120,
120 and 120 with the total marks as 600. For the past few years in China reforms have been made
in
subjects
of
entrance
examination
for
higher
education
and
in
some
provinces
there
are
different subjects. Many provinces adopted the program of 3+x, 3 for Chinese, Mathematics and
English(
foreign
language)
and
x
for
one
subject,
that
is,
General
Science
or
General
art
or
integrated sciences or arts in some provinces. So no matter how the x changes the core position
of English remains there.

2
．高等教育中的地位

b. The place in higher education
中国教育部为客观、
准确地测量大学生的实际英语能力，
为大学 英语教学提供服务，
设置大
学英语四、六级考试（
College English Test Band 4 and Band 6
）
。虽然教育部从来没有要求将
英语 四、
六级证书与学生的学位挂钩，
但我国绝大多数高校都把学生的英语成绩和学位联系
在一起，
大学本科要获得学士学位要求学生英语水平必须达到大学英语四级水平、
研究生的硕士学位则必须达到大学英语六级水平，
如果达不到，
无论学生的其他科目成绩如何优秀都
不能拿到相应的学位。
英语水平的高低成为衡量学生学业最重要的标准，
于是大学生们 把大
学宝贵时光的一半甚至更多都用在了英语的学习上，
而不同程度地忽视了专业课的学习和综
合素质的提高。
英语水平是中国大学排名的一项重要指标现在国内大学的排名有一项重要的指标就是其英语四、六级考试的通过率，这就造成了各学校之间盲目的攀比。

In order to objectively and accurately test the college students’ actual ability of using English and
serve
the
English
teaching
in
universities,
the
Education
ministry
of
China
established
College
English Test Band 4 and Band 6. Though never has the Education ministry reqired there is a link
between the certificates of such exams and the academic degree, the most of the universities in
China
do
the
opposite
and demand
that
their
students’
English
using
ability reach
the
lev
el
of
Band 4 before they receive the bachelor’s degree and band 6 before the master’s degree. If it is
failed,
the
degrees
will
be
unavailable
for
them
regardless
of
the
excellent
marks
of
other
subjects. Since the level of English using is set to be the m
ost important mark in judging students’
academic
performance,
they
spend
half
or
more
of
their
valuable
time
on
campus
in
learning
English and ignore more or less the study of their Professional courses and the improvement of
their
comprehensive
quality.
English
level
has
also
been
set
as
one
of
the
key
indicators
important for the ranking of Chinese universities. An important one is the passing rate of Band 4
and Band 6, which causes a blind competition among them.
3.
社会中的地位

c. The position in the seciety
英语水平与学生就业息息相关。
许多用人单位，
不管员工在工作中是 否能用到英语，
在招聘
的时候都把英语放到第一位，
达不到四级或六级水平，
无论其专业知识如何的优秀，
其业务
水平多么高，一律不予录用，英语，
变成了一个人 求职所必备的敲门砖。英语水平是职称评
定的前提，
高等学校教师和科研机构的专业人员晋升职 称必须通过英语考试。
从国家劳动人
事部到各地的劳动人事厅
(
局
)
，
每年都有固定的诸多资格考试，
如工程师、
经济师、
会计师、建筑设计师的资格考试，而这些考试中英语（外语）考试是不可缺少的。

近些年来，有一些专家、
学者对政府推行的英语教育政策提出了质疑，
将英语教育的核心地
位 称为霸权地位。他们甚至主张要改革各类升学考试中带有强制性的英语考试制度和方法。

The English proficiency has a close link to the employment of students. Many employers regard
English as the most important thing at the recruitment regardless of its actual use in the jobs. For
those
with
exellent
professional
knowledge
and working
ability
but
a
poor
English
level
below
Band 4 or Band 6, the employers always refuse to accept them. So it is really an open sesame in
the job market. The English proficiency has become the precondition
of academic title ranking
and the teachers in universities and the reserchers in scientific institutes must pass the English
exams
before
they
aquire
another
higher
academic
title.
There
are
many
regular
qualification
tests such as, for engineer, economists, accortants and architecture arranged by both the State
Labor and Personnel Ministry and the local Labor and Personnel Departments( Bureau). Among
those exams English(foreign languge) is an integral part. For the past years, some professionals
and
scholars
have
challenged
the
English
education
policies
issued
and
implemented
by
the
governments
and
regarded
its
central
role
as
hegemony.
They
even
advocate
reforms
of
the
obligatory English examination systems and acts in various entrance examinations.
二、政府推行英语教育政策符合中国国情

II. The English education policies by Chinese government are in conformity with the conditions of
China