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形容词
第一章
比较级、最高级变化一览表
规则变化
1.
单音节以及少数双音节的词尾加上
“
er
”
“
est
”
构成比较级、最高级:
bright
(明亮的)—
brighter
—
brightest broad
(广阔的)
—
broader
—
broadest
cheap
(便宜的)—
cheaper
—
cheapest clean
(干净的)—
cleaner
—
cleanest
clever
(聪明的)—
cleverer
—
cleverest cold
(寒冷的)—
colder
—
coldest
cool
(凉的)—
cooler
—
coolest dark
(黑暗的)—
darker
—
darkest
dear
(贵的)—
dearer
—
dearest deep
(深的)—
deeper
—
deepest
fast
(迅速的)—
faster
—
fastest few
(少的)—
fewer
—
fewest great
(
伟大的)
—
greater
—
great est hard
(
困难的,
硬的)
—
h arder
—
hardest
high
(高的)—
higher
—
highest kind
(善良的)—
kinder
—
kindest
light
(轻的)—
lighter
—
lightest long
(长的)—
longer
—
longest
loud
(响亮的)—
louder
—
loudest low
(低的)—
lower
—
lowest
near
(近的)—
nearer
—
nearest new
(新的)—
newer
—
newest
poor
(穷的)—
poorer
—
poorest quick
(快的)—
quicker
—
quickest
quiet
(安静的)—
quieter
—
quietest rich
(富裕的)—
richer
—
richest
short
(短的)—
shorter
—
shortest slow
(慢的)—
slower
—
slowest
small
(小的)—
smaller
—
smallest smart
(聪明的)—
smarter
—
smartest
s oft
(
柔软的)
—
softer
—
softest strong
(
强壮的)
—
stronger
—
stron gest
sweet
(甜的)—
sweeter
—
sweetest tall
(高的)
-taller - tallest
thick
(厚的)—
thicker
—
thickest warm
(温暖的)—
warmer
—
warmest
weak
(弱的)—
weaker
—
weakest young
(年轻的)—
younger
—
youngest
2
以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词
(即重读闭音节词)
,
双写结 尾的辅音字母
er
,
-est
big
(大的)—
bigger
—
biggest fat
(胖的)—
fatter
—
fattest
hot
(热的)—
hotter
—
hottest red
(红的)—
redder
—
reddest
sad
(伤心的)—
sadder
—
saddest thin
(瘦的)—
thinner
—
thinnest
wet
(湿的)—
wetter
—
wettest mad
(疯的)—
madder
—
maddest
特别提醒:
new, few, slow, clean
等词含有字母组合,且发的是长元音,不用双写。
3.
以不发音的字母
e
结尾的形容词,加上
“
r
”
“
st
”
构成比较级、最高级:
able
(能干的)—
abler
—
ablest brave
(勇敢的)—
braver
—
bravest
close
(接近的)—
closer
—
closest fine
(好的,完美的)—
finer
—
finest
large
(巨大的)—
larger
—
largest late
(迟的)—
later
—
latest
nice
(好的)—
nicer
—
nicest ripe
(成熟的)—
riper
—
ripest
rude
(粗鲁的)—
ruder
—
rudest safe
(安全的)—
safer
—
safest strange
(奇怪的)—
stranger
—
strangest wide
(宽广的)—
wider
—
widest
wise
(睿智的,聪明的)—
wiser
—
wisest white
(白的)—
whiter
—
whitest
4.
“以辅音字母
+y
”结尾的词改
y
为
i
,再加
-er, -est
busy
(忙碌的)—
busier
—
busiest dirty
(脏的)—
dirtier
—
dirtiest
dry
(干燥的)—
drier
—
driest early
(早的)—
earlier
—
earliest
eas y
(
容易的)
—
easier
—
easiest friendly
(
友好的)
—
friendlier
—
f riendliest
funny
(好玩的)—
funnier
—
funniest happy
(开心的)—
happier
—
happiest
healthy
(健康的)—
healthier
—
healthiest heavy
(重的)—
heavier
—
heaviest
hungry
(饿的)—
hungrier
—
hungriest lazy
(懒惰的)—
lazier
—
laziest
luc ky
(
幸运的)
—
luckier
—
luckiest naughty
(
调皮的)
—
naughtier
—
nau ghtiest
noisy
(
嘈杂的)
—
noisier
—
noisiest pretty
(
美丽的)—
prettier
—
prettiest
silly
(傻的)
—
sillier
—
silliest spicy
(辣的)
—
spicier
—
spiciest
thirsty
(渴的)—
thirstier
—
thirstiest ugly
(丑的)—
uglier
—
ugliest
5.
双音节、多音节形容词
(
即音标中含有三个或三个以上元音音素的词
)< br>,在单词前面加上
“
more
”
“
most
”
构成比较级、最高级:
afraid
(害怕的)—
more afraid
—
most afraid
beautiful
(美丽的)—
more beautiful
—
most beautiful
careful
(仔细的)—
more careful
—
most careful
cheerful
(开心的)—
more cheerful
—
most cheerful
crowded
(拥挤的)—
more crowded
—
most crowded
dangerous
(危险的)—
more dangerous
—
most dangerous
delicious
(美味的)—
more delicious
—
most delicious
difficult
(困难的)—
more difficult
—
most difficult
exciting
(令人兴奋的)—
more exciting
—
most exciting
expensive
(昂贵的)—
more expensive
—
most expensive
famous
(著名的)—
more famous
—
most famous
frightened
(受惊的)—
more frightened
—
most frightened
frightening
(令人害怕的)—
more frightening
—
most frightening
hard- working
(勤奋的)—
more hard- working
—
most hard-working
helpful
(有帮助的)—
more helpful
—
most helpful
honest
(诚实的)—
more honest
—
most honest
important
(重要的)—
more important
—
most important
interesting
(有趣的)—
more interesting
—
most interesting
polite
(有礼貌的)—
more polite
—
most polite
terrible
(可怕的)—
more terrible
—
most terrible
tired
(累的)—
more tired
—
most tired
特别提醒:以形容前缀
un
构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况,
如:
unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest, untidy- untidier-untidiest
6.
以形容词
+ly
构成的副词要在前面加
more
,
most
Slowly-more slowly-most slowly quickly-more quickly-most quickly
特别提醒:
early -earlier-earliest
7.
由
ing
分词和
-ed
分词演变过来的形容词
(
包括不规则动词如
know
→
known)
只能加
mo re
或
most
来表示它们的比较级和最高级。
interesting- more interesting
-most interesting
excited- more excited
- most exciting
tired- more tired
- most
tired
boring-more boring
-most boring
不规则变化
bad
(坏的)—
worse
—
worst
far
(远的)—
farther
—
farthest (far
—
further
—
furthest)
good
(好的)—
better
—
best
ill
(病的)—
worse
—
worst
little
(少的)—
less
—
least
many
(多的)—
more
—
most
much
(多的)—
more
—
most
old
(年老的)—
older
—
oldest ( old
—
elder
—
eldest)
well
(好的,身体好的)—
better
—
best
特别提醒:
◇
further
不仅可以指
“
距离 更远
”
,还可指
“
程度更深
”
。记住以下三个词组:
further
study(
进修
)
further education(
继续教育
)
further information (
进一步的信息
)
◇
elder
仅用于同辈之间的排行,如
: elder sister(
姐姐
) elder brother (
哥哥
)
◇
less
作为
“
更少
”
仅用来修饰不可数名词,修饰可 数名词表示
“
更少
”
要用
fewer
。
第二章
形容词副词比较级较难考点
◇
少数单音节词前面加
more, most
构成比较级和最高级,
这类形容词一般为表语形容词和由过去分词变成的形容词
afraid -more afraid, most afraid tired - more tired , most tired
fond - more fond , most fond glad -more glad , most glad
bored - more bored , most bored pleased---- more pleased , most pleased
◇
下
列形容词
和副词的比较级和最高
级有两种形式
,即:既
可加
-er/-est
也可加
more/most
strict, often, friendly, clever
◇
下列形容词和副词没有比较 级和最高
(即表示
“
最高程度
”
或
“
绝对状态”
的形容词和副词没
有比较级和最高级)
如:
empty,
wrong,
perfect,
unique,
extreme,
excellent,
favourite,
true, right, correct, extremely ...
◇比较应在同类事物之间进行。
误:
Your English is better than me.
正:
Your English is better than mine.
◇比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语,最常见的三大修饰词是:
a little, much, even
。
以下单词也可用来修饰:
any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather
。
My sister is a little taller than me.
Their house is much larger than ours.
另外,名词短语也可修饰比较级,说明程度。
I
’
m three years older than he.
特别提醒:
very, quite, too
不可修饰比较级。
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