工程造价工程变更毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献

2021年1月26日发(作者：压岁钱英文)
中英文资料






工程变更













中英文资料外文翻译文献



Highway engineering change reason

analysis and cost of the project of influence

Abstract:
in
the
implementation
stage
because
of
highway
engineering
design
factors,
environmental factors, the influence of various engineering changes happened is more common,
combining with
engineering practice, this
paper
discusses the causes and engineering
change of
project cost.

Keywords: engineering change, Reason, Cost

Due to the highway project period, long, long line, so broad in construction of various causes by
the
engineering
change
is
inevitable.
Engineering
change
could
lead
to
increase
of
construction
cost or time limit of the owner and the contractor, between the claim will claim and the cost of the
project.
Owner of change and the causes of the cost
And when the owner change engineering bidding of construction conditions of commitment.

referred
to
in
the
preceding
paragraph,
the
engineering
tight
finish,
delay
purpose will increase the contractor's settlement fee, but little impact on total cost, the owner or
project
quantity
change
projects.
Increase
the
project
content
or
quantity,
will
increase
the
cost,
Project content or cancel or reduce the number will reduce cost, but may affect the use function of
engineering, because the owner with agreements for the existence of incomplete, or in the contract
when division, can increase content of missing the contract cost, and the owners' requirements, and
shorten delivery of finished ahead of the original contract period, invest more in construction unit





中英文资料

cost
of
manpower
and
material
resources,
to
increase,
and
improve
the
design
standard
requirement
owner,
beautiful
Angle
from
security
requirements
of
engineering
structure
change
type, elevation, baseline, location, size and strength, make cost increase, and the owner to change
in the construction organization design has approved the construction plan, cost increase, and the
owner of the contract with the owner of the materials or equipment supply for the category and
quantity, cause cost increase or decrease, and the owner of the contract specifies unreasonable, can
make the cost is increased

The design of change and the causes of the cost
The design adopts the new standard, new technology, new technology, to replace the original
design of the project, and put to use more favorable for owner reduce project cost, the depth of the
design
documents,
cannot
satisfy
the
relevant
provisions
of
the
relevant
design
phase
of
engineering change and requirements, cost increase or decrease, and when designing units in the
preliminary
design
to
fully
consider
the
network
planning,
and
in
local
government
and
related
departments
(e.g.,
environmental
protection,
water
conservancy,
electricity,
gas,
communication,
navigation,
etc.)
and
the
requirements
of
the
project,
the
main
structure
change
shape
and
size
change etc, make the cost increase, and design personnel errors or omissions caused engineering
change. Due to the
Unit,
uncoordinated
cooperation
between
designers,
or
the
highway
facilities
with
the
principal
part of the project design, cause sync job change, make cost increase, and the design drawing not
timely delivery time delay, provide, construction, make the cost compensation shutdown caused by
increased.

Tthe contractor to change and cause the influence. Cost
The contractor is unable to perform the contract or can't completely, the contractor shall take
remedial
measures
proposed
change,
this
kind
of
change
of
engineering
cost,
can
increase
by
contractor burden loss,

the contractor has been approved changes when bidding of construction
project, this kind of change of cost, but almost no effect for the contractor may save construction
cost, and the contractor for construction is convenient, or to shorten the construction period, or to
reduce the investment of construction, and puts forward such reasons, and more economical and
reasonable,
optimizing
design
scheme,
this
kind
of
change
if
owner
recognized,
can
reduce
the
construction cost,
also
can reduce the cost
of the owner and the
contractor, mutually beneficial,

中英文资料

According
to
the
contract,
the
contractor
couldn't
finish,
engineering
construction
contract
extension, the owner may
terminate the contract
terms,
according to
the
content of construction
contract in whole or in part, by the contractor, this kind of other changes generally does not make
owner cost increase, but will make the contractor under loss, due to the contractor technology or
management of the error caused by engineering change, this kind of change to the contractor, the
owner
may
claim
generally
do
not
increase
the
cost,
stipulated
in
the
contract,
the
contractor
change by owner procurement materials, using other kinds of materials, and therefore model brand
damage by contractor, unless the owner to approbate, generally do not add cost

the supervisor of change and the causes of the cost
Supervision
by
the
owner,
commissioned
by
the
cause
of
the
change
of
the
owner
or
expenses
directly
influence
the
cost.
1
and
supervision
engineer
in
order
to
coordinate
the
contractor's
operation, or section of
this project
contractors to coordinate
with
relevant
departments
or units
where the relations of production, easy cause engineering change caused by increased cost. the site
supervision
engineers
in
actual
situation
in
the
contract
and
the
technical
specification
for
the
design,
according
to
local
modification
and
perfect
or
by
design,
this
kind
of
change
unit
may
cause increased cost. and supervision engineers work and coordination ability damage caused by
lack
of
rework,
engineering
cost
change
work.
and
supervision
engineer
proposed
optimization
design
or
construction,
the
design
optimization
or
contractor
agree,
can
reduce
engineering
changes caused by the project cost.

The environment factors and impact on the cost of change
Engineering geology unknown or insufficiency in design, engineering cost increased to. and
highway engineering construction projects from the construction, project feasibility study, design
and
construction
drawing
design
to
construction,
due
to
various
reasons,
the
project
in
the
declaration and approval process, some problems existing in the construction stage, these problems
caused
by
exposure
to
change,
and
engineering
cost
increase.
and
national
policies,
laws
and
regulations
and
standard,
the
change
of
change,
resulting
in
increased
cost.
Four,
the
local
government of the people's production and life convenient scheme adopted by engineering change
after that cost increase. whose house is caused by delay, the work of engineering change, could
lead to increased cost.
Highway
engineering
change
of
a
variety
of
reasons,
this
means
that
the
appraisal
work
for
engineering changes are complex and difficult to decrease the cost, the change of the effects are