汽车变速器的设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

2021年1月26日发(作者：abdc)


本科毕业设计（论文）


英文资料翻译







作

者

：周

杰

指导教师

：孙飞豹（副教授）

学科、专业：车辆工程



沈阳理工大学应用技术学院

2011
年
12
月
20
日





transmission used in automobiles

A
standard
transmission
or
manual
transmission
is
the
traditional
type
of
transmission
used
in
automobiles.
The
manual
or
standard transmission consists of a series of gears, synchros,
roller
bearings,
shafts
and
gear
selectors.
The
main
clutch
assembly
is used to engage and disengage the engine from the transmission.
Heliacal cut gears are used to select the ratio desired the sector
fork move gears from one to another by using the gearshift knob.
Synchros are used to slow the gear to a stop before it is engaged
to avoid gear grinding, the counter shaft hold the gears in place
and
against
the
main
input
and
output
shaft.
A
stick
shift
transmission has no torque converter so there is no need for a
transmission
cooler.
A
stick
shift
transmission
needs
a
simple
fluid
change for proper service. (there is no transmission filter in a
stick shift transmission).

Transmission Shifter




Most
manual
transmissions
have
one
reverse
gear
and
four
to
six
forward
gears.
Some
cars
also
have
eight
forward
gears
while
thirteen
to twenty- four gears are present in semi trucks. To differentiate
among the available standard transmissions, they are addressed by
the
number
of
forward
gears.
For
example,
if
the
standard
transmission has five gears, it will be referred to as 5-speed
standard transmission or 5-speed standard.

Typical Standard Transmission Configuration
Inside the transmission shafts contain all forward and reverse
gears.
Most
transmissions
contain
three
shafts:
input
shaft,
output
shaft and counter or lay shaft. Other than standard transmission,
there
are
other
transmissions
like
continuously
variable
transmission,
automatic
transmission
and
semi- automatic
transmission.
In
the
manual
transmission,
a
pair
of
gears
inside
the
transmission
selects
the
gear
ratios.
Whereas,
in
an
automatic
transmission, combination of brake bands and clutch packs control
the planetary gear which selects the gear ratio.
If there is a provision to select a gear ratio manually in
automatic
transmissions,
the
system
is
called
a
semi- automatic
transmission.
The
driver
can
select
from
any
of
the
gears
at
any
point

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of time. In some automobiles like racing cars and motorcycles that
have
standard
transmissions,
the
driver
can
select
the
preceding
or
the
following
gear
ratio
with
no
clutch
operation
needed.
This type
of standard transmission is known as sequential transmission. In
this transmission the clutch is still used for initial take off.

Clutch and Flywheel Assembly


The
main
clutch
plays
the
role
of
a
coupling
device
which
separates the transmission and the engine. If the clutch is absent
and the car comes to a stop the engine will stall. In automobiles,
the clutch can be operated with the help of a pedal located on the
floor of the vehicle. In an automatic transmission instead of a
clutch,
a
torque
converter
is
used
to
separate
the
transmission
and
engine.

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Typical Stick Shift Patterns
A
desired
gear
can
be
selected
by
a
lever
which
is
usually
located
on
the
floor
in
between
the
driver
and
passenger
seat.
This
selector
lever is called the gear lever or gear selector or gear shift or
shifter.
This
gear
stick
can
be
made
to
move
in
right,
left,
forward
and backward direction. When the gear is placed on the N position
or neutral position, no gear will be selected. To move the car in
the
backward
direction,
the
R
gear
or
reverse
gear
should
be
selected.
Standard
transmissions
are
more
efficient
and
less
expensive
to
produce than automatic transmissions. A Standard transmission is
about 15% more efficient compared to an automatic transmission.
Standard
transmissions
are
generally
stronger
than
automatic
transmissions
and
off
road
vehicles
take advantage
of
a
direct
gear
selection
so
they
can
withstand
rough
conditions.
Less
active
cooling
is
also
required
in
manual
transmission
system
because
less
power is wasted.


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