incredible什么意思中式英语的发展

2021年1月26日发(作者：ake)
The Development of English in China: Chinese English
Analysing the variation of English used in China focusing on age groups
Introduction:
By the British colonial past and the
USA economic power,
English was
well placed as the
major language over the
world in last centuries. Consequently, in today’s society,
English is a
more
commonly
used
language
in
many
non-native
English
countries,
such
as
Singapore,
Indian
and
Philippine,
those
are
colonial
countries
in
the
Outer
Circle.
No
surprisingly,
in
recent
years,
English also spreads
far and wide
in the countries
in the
Expanding Circle, such
as China, Korea and
Japan.
Therefore, by analysing the
lexical
feature of
interview data, the
aim
of
the
essay
is
to
show
the
variation
of
English
used
in
China
in
different
age
groups.
After that,
it
might be speculated
that
the
lexical
features of Chinese
English are different
in
the different age groups. Finally, some examples show that Chinese English has some features
of being a New English.
Theoretical background:

Chinese English normally refers to spoken or written English language that is influenced by
the
Chinese
language.
The
term

is
commonly
applied
to
ungrammatical
or
nonsensical English in Chinese contexts.
The
lexical
feature
of
Chinese
English
can
be
classified
in
three
categories,
namely,
Chinese
loanwords
in
English,
nati
onal
ized
English words, and common
English words
that
are
shared
with
users
of
the
majority
of
English
varieties.
The
Chinese
loanwords
can
be
divided
into
two
types:
standing
loanwords
and
ad
hoc
loanwords.
Standing
loanwords
include
Chinese
cultural
events
and
have
a
national
or
international
currency.
Ad
hoc
loanwords
include
things
and
events
that
are
of
either
traditional
or
contemporary
Chinese
reference. But those do not have a national or international currency (at least not yet).

Next,
a
simple
introduction
of
Chinese
is
that
Chinese
words
do
not
have
any
affixes
because
the
Chinese
language
does
not
mark
tense,
or
part
of
speech,
morphologically.
Moreover, Chinese word order
is
not
free: Chinese
verb constructions require the
order also.
If two
verb phrases are
in one
sentence,
it
has
to
follow
the
rule
that the second action
verb
must be after the first action verb.
In
the course book
English as a global language
by Crystal David,
for the development of
New Englishes, he points out that, an inevitable consequence of these developments is that the
language will become open to the winds of linguistic change in totally unpredictable ways.

Lastly,
based
on
the
course
book
World
Englishs
by
Jennifer
Jenkins,
defining
a
New
English can
be categorised at
four
criteria:
it
has developed through the education system;
it
arises in countries where English is not a majority language; it is used for a range of functions.
It has developed their linguistic features, which includes pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary,
and
discourse
style.
The
vocabulary
includes
locally
coined
words
or
expression
s

and
some
borrowing from indigenous languages.
Methodology and Data:

The first section of the paper will analyse lexical feature from the interview data. The data
is collected by interviewing eight Chinese people: four old people, whose ages are between 50
and 60; four young people, whose ages are between 20 and 30. The interview will mainly deal
with

what kind of Chinese English they know and how they use them in English conversation.
Based
on
the
data
analysis,
the
second
section
will
show
some
New
English
features
of
Chinese English.
Question: Can you give me a simple introduction of yourself?
Can you tell me some Chinese English words you know? Give me example
s.
Can you tell me the meaning of them?
Do you often speak English? If you do, in which situation, work or party?
Where you get to those Chinese English words? How do you use them?
Data section:
Four young Chinese people (20-30): Tian ke Wu, Xue Qing Wu, Xiao Ming Li, and Ran Feng.

Four old Chinese people (50-60): Jing Wu, Ying xiao Hu, Ying bin Hu, and Shu feng Zhao.
Their answers:
Tian ke Wu: 1.
my
name
is Wu
Tian ke,
my
English
name
is sky. I
have a
father,
he
is also
your
father, em…I think
my
mother, and
she
is
your
mother too. 2. People
mountain People
Sea. 3. It means a
lot of people. 4. Yes, I use English
in
my computer programme, I study
in
computer programme. 5. From the Internet and
it
is
fun and
gao
xiao (what do you
mean?),
it
means ver
y
funny.
Xue : 1.
my
name
is Wu
xue Qing. I am 21 years old; I

study
in
Dalarna University
two
years. 2. People
mountain people sea,
give
you some colour
to see see. 3.
If
you do
not
listen
to
me,
I
will
put
you
in
to
the
hell.
4.
I
speak
English
to
communicate
with
others
in

school and markets. 5. Internet, used in twitter for fun.
Ran Feng: 1.
my
name
is Feng
Ran. I
come
from
Beijing; I am
in
BA programme
in DU. 2.
People Mountain People Sea, you ask me, I ask who. 3. The second one means I do not know
either. 4. I use English chat with friends on website. 5. Internet, fun communication.
Xiao
:
1.
my
name
is
Li
xiao
Ming.
I
am
studying
English
at
DU.
MY
mother
is
working
in
a
bank,
my
father
is
no
job,
they
are
living
together
in
the
apartment.
2.
People
mountain
People
Sea,
geiliable.
3.
Geiliable
is
used
to
describe
something
good,
strong
and
interesting,
after
able
is
geili,
it
means
good
in
Chinese.
4.
I
talk
with
foreign
teachers
and
friends
in
English. If I talk
with
my Chinese
friends, I often use Chinese
instead of. 5. On the
Internet, I use them when I make a joke with my friends.
Jing
Wu:
1.
Ole!
My
name
is
Wu
jing.
2.
Ole,
Beijing
kaoya.
(Interesting
words,
how
to
explain?) 3. Em...it mean ok le. Beijing kaoya is

food. 4. (So you do not often speak English?)
yes , I know three h
elp, yes and no. 5. TV, I don’t know.

Ying
xiao
Hu:
1.
I
see,
there
are
four
people
in
my
family:
my
husband,
my
son
and
my
daughter. 2. I do not know much, I am an English teacher, and I think it is hunao (what do you
mean
hunao?)3.
Em.
I
think
it
is
bad.
It
is
not
good
for
Chinese
and
English.
English
is
English, Chinese
is Chinese. We cannot
mix them. 4. Yes, I teach
English. 5. No. I tell
you I
do not accept any Chinese English words. When I heard those Chinglish, I only take them as a
joke.
Ying
bin
Hu:
1.
Yes,
Hu
Ying
bin
is
my
name.
2.
Kongfu.
3.
It
is
China
kongfu.
4.
no.
5.
Em…dapian! (What do
you
mean dapian?)
Hollywood
movie,
it
is
good (it
is
used
to
show
something good).
Shu
feng
Zhao: 1. em...name
Zhao Shu
feng. 2.
Beijing, Cha. 3. Cha
is
tea,
it
is
good. 4. No
English. 5. TV.
Data analysis and Results:
Examples of ad hoc
loanwords
in the
interview data:
give
you some colours to see see( a
Chinese
idiom
that
means
showing
power);
you
ask
me,
I
ask
who
(
I
do
not
know
either);
geiliable
(
good, a combination of
Chinese character
geili
‘
给力
’
and
English suffix -able
);
ole
(ok, a combination of
English word ok and Chinese character
le ‘
了
’
); dapian(
Hollywood
movies), hunao( ridiculous), gao xiao (funny).