imply翻译新GRE阅读选项遵循原则解析

2021年1月26日发(作者：turnto)
新
GRE
阅读选项遵循原则解析



如果说
Verbal
Section
是中国考生的噩梦，
GRE< br>阅读便是噩梦中噩梦。原因是中国学生
由于长期以来在英语阅读理解的训练上一直强调词汇的理解 和文本的翻译。
所谓的
“重翻译，
轻思维”
。此种训练理念与与
ET S
的要求相去甚远。其实，
GRE
阅读是借助阅读考察申请者的
逻辑思维和解 决问题的能力。另外，中国考生对于
GRE
阅读考试中的文章特点和选项编制的
原则了 解甚微，也导致备考中存在较大的盲目性以及考试中表现不佳。



在此文中，
笔者无意对
GRE
阅读的文章特点做过多的论述，
倒是想就< br>GRE
阅读文章的
“最
后一击”
---
选项，
尤其是 选项编制的原则，

做一些论述。
并会结合笔者在新东方近
10
年的
教学经历跟读者朋友们分享所得。




作为一个标准化 运作的出题机构多年以来在
GRE
阅读的出题方面已经沉淀下若干固定的
规则，即ETS
用固定的原则来指导阅读试题的编撰者来编制正确和错误的选项。以下笔者将
用一篇
GRE
阅读文章来剖析
ETS
编制选项的规则，希望对广大的
GRE
考生有所裨益。




通过对
GRE
阅读的深入分析不难发现
ETS
使用了以下 原则来编制选项：




1.
正确选项：




(1)
同义变换

。
即将原文中的 某一句话用另一种说法表达，
也就是英文中的
paraphrase
。
如将文 章中的

are low or when humid conditions prevail.
”换成选项中的“
Pollen is sometimes not
released by plants when there is little wind
。




其中包括三种类型：变换同义词，变换 句型，变化同根词的词性。以下分别论述，请注
意表格中的斜体字。




2.
错误选项：




对于
GRE
阅读文章中更大量的错误选项，
ETS
也形成了一套固定的规则。以下笔者就用
实例来说明错误选项编制的规则：




(1)
混偏反无。




1)
混
:
此类选项的错误可以形象地概括为：
“张冠李戴”
。

如下例：




文
章
：

large
businesses,
they
often
need
to
make
substantial
investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work
subcontracted
to
them.
If,
thereafter,
their
subcontracts
are
for
some
reason
reduced,
such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses



题目：
The
passage
suggests
that
the
failure of
a
large
business
to
have
its
bids
for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to



(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm



(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses (
本题问大公司如果没有使投标转化
为 订单将引起什么结果。而这恰恰是小公司的特点。
)



(C) have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government



(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors



(E)
revise
its
procedure
for
making
bids
for
federal
contracts
and
subcontracts




2)
偏：

意即选项中所包含的逻辑范畴与原文不符。
包括”
以偏概全
“

以及”
以全概偏”
。
请看下文：




Paule
Marshall
’
s
Brown
Girl,
Brownstones
(1959)
was
a
landmark
in
the
depiction
of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed
and
tragic
heroine
in
conflict
with
White
society
that
had
been
typical
of
the
protest
novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale
Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman
’
s
search for identity within the context of a Black community. But Marshall extended
the
analysis
of
Black
female
characters
begun
by
Hurston
and
Brooks
by
depicting
her
heroine
’
s development in terms of the relationship between her Barbadian American
parents,
and
by
exploring
how
male
and
female
roles
were
defined
by
their
immigrant
culture,
which
in
turn
was
influenced
by
the
materialism
of
White
America.
By
placing
characters within a wider cultural context, Marshall attacked racial and sexual
stereotypes
and
paved
the
way
for
explorations
of
race,
class,
and
gender
in
the
novels
of the 1970
’
s.



题目：
The passage is primarily concerned with



(A) comparing the works of three Black American authors



(B) describing common themes in Black American literature



(C) discussing an important work in Black American literature



(D) providing insights about Black American literature in the early twentieth
century



(E)
providing
historical
information
about
the
writing
of
Black
American
novels
in the second half the twentieth century



分析：此文描述并评价了美国黑人文学史上一部优秀 的著作。而其中的
D
，
E
选项中的
“
Black American literature
”以及“
the writing of Black American novels
”无疑扩大
了原文的逻辑涵盖的范围，即属于“ 以全概偏”
。于是不予选择。




3)
反：

即选项中的内容与文章内容相反。




文章：
“
....Paule Marshall
’
s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in
the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided
the
oppressed
and
tragic
heroine
in
conflict
with
White
society
that
had
been
typical

of
the
protest
novels
of
the
early
twentieth
century.
Like
her
immediate
predecessors,
Zora
Neale
Hurston
and
Gwendolyn
Brooks,
she
focused
her
novel
on
an
ordinary
Black
woman
’
s search for identity within the context of a black community......
”




题目：




According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they



(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters
’
lives



(B)
were
heavily
influenced
by
the
protest
novels
of
the
early
twentieth
century



(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels



(D)
wrote
primarily
about
the
difficulties
their
characters
encountered
in
White
culture



(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women



分析：
从文章 中得知：
“马歇尔已经摆脱了抗议小说所一贯描绘的受压迫并且带有悲剧色
彩的女主人公形象”
。
但是
B
选项却说道：
“
马歇尔深深地受到二十世纪早期抗 议小说的影响”
，
明显与原文意思相反。




再如：




It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl,
Brownstones as being



(A) completely different from novels written before 1959



(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century



(C) similar to the protest novels that preceded it



(D) important in the late 1950
’
s but dated today



(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970
’
s