lucky意思Can you really tell if a kid is lying——你真的能识破孩子的谎言吗

2021年1月26日发(作者：西雅图是什么意思)
Kang Lee: Can you really tell if a kid is lying
李康
:
你真的可以识破孩子的谎言么
?
Hi. Let me ask the audience a question: Did you ever lie as a child? If you did, could
you
please
raise
your
hand?
Wow!
This
is
the
most
honest
group
of
people
I've
ever met.

大家好我先问大家一个问题：
作为一个孩子的时候您撒过谎么？如果有过可以
举手么？天啊！这是我遇见过的最诚实的一群人
.
So for the last 20 years, I've been studying how children learn to tell lies. And today,
I'm going to share with you some of the discoveries we have made.

在过去的二十年，
我一直在研究孩子们如何学会撒谎。
今天我将与给分享我们
的一些 成果。

But
to
begin,
I'm
going
to
tell
you
a
story
from
Mr.
Richard
Messina,
who
is
my
friend and an elementary school principal. He got a phone call one day. The caller
says,

Messina,
my
son
Johnny
will
not
come
to
school
today
because
he's
sick.

不过首先我想先讲一个理查德
—
梅西纳先生的故事。他 是我的朋友，也是一名
小学校长。一天他接到了一通电话，来电的人说：
“
梅西纳先生 ，我的孩子乔
尼今天不去学校了，因为他生病了。

Mr. Messina asks,

梅西纳先生问道
“
请问您是谁？
”

And the caller says,

来电的人说：
“
我是我爸爸。
”

So this story -- sums up very nicely three common beliefs we have about children
and
lying.
One,
children
only
come
to
tell
lies
after
entering
elementary
school.
Two,
children
are
poor
liars.
We
adults
can
easily
detect
their
lies.
And
three,
if
children lie at a very young age, there must be some character flaws with them,
and they are going to become pathological liars for life. Well, it turns out all of the
three beliefs are wrong.

所以这个故事
--
很好的总结了 三个我们对于孩子撒谎的常识。第一，孩子通常
在上小学后开始撒谎。第二，孩子不会撒谎成人可以简单 地识破他们。第三，
如果孩子很早就开始撒谎那么他们一定有一些人格缺陷，
并且一生都将是病 态
的撒谎者。然而结果是，这三个认识都是错的

We have been playing guessing games with children all over the world. Here is an
example. So in this game, we asked children to guess the numbers on the cards.
And we tell them if they win the game, they are going to get a big prize. But in the
middle of the game, we make an excuse and leave the room. And before we leave
the
room,
we
tell
them
not
to
peek
at
the
cards.
Of
course,
we
have
hidden
cameras
in
the
room
to
watch
their
every
move.
Because
the
desire
to
win
the
game is so strong, more than 90 percent of children will peek as soon as we leave
the room.

之前我们一直和全世界的孩子们一起玩竞 猜游戏。
这里有一个例子。
在这个游
戏中，我们请孩子们猜测卡片上的数字。并告诉他 们如果他们猜中了，他们会
得到丰厚的奖励。在游戏的中间，我们会借故离开。离开前会告诉孩子们不要
去偷偷看卡片。当然了，隐藏的摄像头在房间观察孩子们的一举一动。因为孩
子太想赢这个游戏 ，超过
90%
的孩子在我们离开后马上偷偷看了卡片。
(Laughter)
The crucial question is: When we return and ask the children whether or not they
have peeked, will the children who peeked confess or lie about their transgression?

关键的问题是：
当然们回来并且问孩子们他们是否偷看了卡片时，
那些偷看了
卡片的孩子会承认他们违反了游 戏规则么？

We
found
that
regardless
of
gender,
country,
religion,
at
two
years
of
age,
30
percent
lie, 70
percent tell
the truth
about their
transgression.
At
three years
of
age, 50 percent lie and 50 percent tell the truth. At four years of age, more than 80
percent lie. And after four years of age, most children lie. So as you can see, lying is
really a typical part of development. And some children begin to tell lies as young
as two years of age.

我们发现无论性别国籍宗教信仰30%
的
2
岁孩子撒谎了。
70%
承认了他们违反
游戏 规则。
三岁的孩子中，
撒谎的人占了
50%
。
四岁的孩子超过
80%
都在撒谎。
大于四岁的孩子绝大部分都在撒谎。如您所见，撒谎是成长典型的一部分。 很
多孩子在
2
岁的时候就已经学会了撒谎。

So now, let's take a closer look at the younger children. Why do some but not all
young children lie? In cooking, you need good ingredients to cook good food. And
good lying requires two key ingredients. The first key ingredient is theory of mind,
or
the
mind-reading
ability.
Mind
reading
is
the
ability
to
know
that
different
people have different knowledge about the situation and the ability to differentiate
between
what
I
know
and
what
you
know.
Mind
reading
is
important
for
lying
because the basis of lying is that I know you don't know what I know. Therefore, I
can lie to you.

现在我们仔细研究小孩子。
为什么不是 所有的孩子都撒谎？在烹饪领域想做出
好的食物需要好的原料。
一个好的谎言需要两个关键的原 料。
第一个是心智理
论，
换言之读心的能力。
读心能力是一种知道相同情况下 不同的人知道不同的
事情的能力，
是一种可以区分我知道什么和你知道什么的能力。
读 心在撒谎时
能力很重要因为撒谎从根本上说就是我知道你不知道我知道。
因此我的谎言成
功了。

The second key ingredient for good lying is self-control. It is the ability to control
your speech, your facial expression and your body language, so that you can tell a
convincing lie. And we found that those young children who have more advanced
mind-reading and self-control abilities tell lies earlier and are more sophisticated
liars. As it turns out, these two abilities are also essential for all of us to function
well
in
our
society.
In
fact,
deficits
in
mind-reading
and
self-control
abilities
are
associated with serious developmental problems, such as ADHD and autism. So if
you
discover
your
two-year- old
is
telling
his
or
her
first
lie,
instead
of
being
alarmed, you should celebrate --

第二个撒 谎的关键因素是自我控制控制语言控制面部表情控制身体动作。
这样
的谎言才让人信服。
我们发现那些小孩子中读心能力和自我控制能力更强的更
早开始说谎也成为了更老练的撒谎者。
事实证明这两种能力在社会中也是至关
重要的。
并且读心能力和自我控制能力不足经常和一些 严重的发展问题比如多
动症和自闭症联系在一起。
所以当你发现你二岁的孩子开始撒谎不要惊慌 你应
该庆幸

because
it
signals
that
your
child
has
arrived
at
a
new
milestone
of
typical
development.

Now, are children poor liars? Do you think you can easily detect their lies? Would
you like to give it a try? Yes? OK. So I'm going to show you two videos. In the videos,
the children are going to respond to a researcher's question,
try to tell me which child is lying and which child is telling the truth. Here's child
number one. Are you ready?

这意味着你的孩子进入了典型发展的新的里程碑。

那么孩子不会撒谎么？你可以轻易的识破他们的谎言么？你愿意试试么？愿
意？好的我将要给各 位看两段视频。视频中孩子们将会回答研究者的问题
“
你
偷看了卡片么？
”< br>试着告诉我哪一个孩子撒谎那一个孩子说真话。这是第一个
孩子。准备好了么？

OK, if you think child number one is lying, please raise your hand. And if you think
child number two is lying, please raise your hand. OK, so as a matter of fact, child
number one is telling the truth, child number two is lying. Looks like many of you
are terrible detectors of children's lies.

认为第一个孩子撒谎的，请举手。认为第二个孩 子撒谎的，请举手事实上，第
一个孩子说的是真话第二个孩子在撒谎看起来大家完全无法识破孩子的谎言 。

Now, we have played similar kinds of games with many, many adults from all walks
of life. And we show them many videos. In half of the videos, the children lied. In
the
other
half
of
the
videos,
the
children
told
the
truth.
And
let's
find
out
how
these
adults
performed.
Because
there
are
as
many
liars
as
truth
tellers,
if
you