ankle是什么意思ted英文演讲稿：犯错的价值范文稿

2021年1月26日发(作者：chemistry)

ted
英文演讲稿：犯错的价值




每个人都会避免犯错，
但或许避免犯错本身就是一种错误
?
请看以下这篇
“ 犯
错家
“凯瑟琳舒尔茨告诉我们，
或许我们不只该承认错误，
更应该大力拥抱 人性
中“我错故我在“的本质。




so it's 1995, i'm in college, and a friend and i go on a road trip from
providence, rhode island to portland, oregon.



当时是
95
年

我在上大学

我和一个朋友开车去玩

从罗得岛的普罗旺斯区
出发

到奥勒冈州的波特兰市




and you know, we're young and unemployed, so we do the whole thing on
back roads through state parks and national forests -- basically the longest route we
can possibly take.



我们年轻、无业

，于是整个旅程都在乡间小道

经过州立公园

和国家保护
森林

我们尽可能绕着最长的路径




and somewhere in the middle of south dakota, i turn to my friend and i ask her
a question that's been bothering me for 2,000 miles.



在南达科塔州之中某处

我转向我的朋友

问她一个

两千英里路途上

一直
烦恼我的问题






road?




路边那个一直出现的中文字到底是什么
?



my friend looks at me totally blankly.



我的朋友露出疑惑的神情




there's actually a gentleman in the front row who's doing a perfect
imitation of her look.



正如现在坐在第一排的这三位男士

所露出的神情一样




(laughter) and i'm like,
chinese character on them.



(
笑声
)
我说

你知道的

我们一直看到的那个路牌

写着中文的那个啊




she just stares at me for a few moments, and then she cracks up, because she
figures out what i'm talking about.



她瞪着我的脸一阵子

突然笑开了

因为她总算知道我所指为何




and what i'm talking about is this.



我说的是这个





(laughter) right, the famous chinese character for picnic area.



(
笑声
)
没错，这就是代表野餐区的那个中文字




(laughter) i've spent the last five years of my life thinking about situations
exactly like this -- why we sometimes misunderstand the signs around us,



(
笑声
)
过去的五年

我一直在思考

刚刚我所描述的状况

为什么我们会对身
边的征兆

产生误解




and how we behave when that happens, and what all of this can tell us about
human nature.



当误解发生时我们作何反应

以及这一切所告诉我们的人性




in other words, as you heard chris say, i've spent the last five years thinking
about being wrong.



换句话说，就像

chris
刚才说的

过去五年的时间

我都在思考错误的价值




this might strike you as a strange career move, but it actually has one great
advantage: no job competition.



你可能觉得这是个奇异的专业

但有一项好处是不容置疑的：

没有竞争者。




(laughter) in fact, most of us do everything we can to avoid thinking about being
wrong, or at least to avoid thinking about the possibility that we ourselves are wrong.




(
笑声
)
事实上，
我们大部分的人

都尽力不思考错误的价值

或至少避免想到
我们有可能犯错。




we get it in the abstract.



我们都知道这个模糊的概念。




we all know everybody in this room makes mistakes.



我们都知道这里的每个人都曾经犯错




the human species, in general, is fallible -- okay fine.



人类本来就会犯错

-
没问题




but when it comes down to me right now, to all the beliefs i hold, here in the
present tense, suddenly all of this abstract appreciation of fallibility

goes out the
window -- and i can't actually think of anything i'm wrong about.



一旦这个想法临到我们自身

我们现在所有的

所有的信念

对人类可能犯错
的抽象概念随即被我们抛弃

我无法想到我有哪里出错




and the thing is, the present tense is where we live.



但是，我们活在现在





we go to meetings in the present tense; we go on family vacations in the
present tense; we go to the polls and vote in the present tense.



我们开会，去家庭旅游

去投票

全都是现在式




so effectively, we all kind of wind up traveling through life, trapped in this little
bubble of feeling very right about everything.



我们就像现在一个小泡泡里

经历人生

感觉自己总是对的




i think this is a problem.



我认为这是个问题




i think it's a problem for each of us as individuals, in our personal and
professional lives, and i think it's a problem for all of us collectively as a culture.



我认为这是每个人私人生活

和职业生活中的问题

我认为我们身为群体，
这
也造成了文化问题




so what i want to do today is, first of all, talk about why we get stuck inside this
feeling of being right.



于是，我今天想做的是

先谈谈为甚么我们会

陷在这种自以为是的心态中




and second, why it's such a problem.




第二是为甚么这是个问题




and finally, i want to convince you that it is possible to step outside of that
feeling, and that, if you can do so, it is the single greatest



最后我想说服大家

克服这种感觉

是可能的

而且一旦你做到了

这将成为
你道德上




moral, intellectual and creative leap you can make.



智性上和创意上最大的进步




so why do we get stuck in this feeling of being right?



为甚么我们会陷在

这种自以为是的心态中
?



one reason actually has to do with a feeling of being wrong.



事实上这和犯错的感觉有关




so let me ask you guys something -- or actually, let me ask you guys something,
because you're right here: how does it feel -- emotionally --



我想问问你们

让我问问台上的你们

当你意识到自己犯错了




how does it feel to be wrong?




你感觉如何
?



dreadful. thumbs down.



糟透了。很差劲。




embarrassing. okay, wonderful, good.



难堪。很好，是的。




dreadful, thumbs down, embarrassing -- thank you, these are great answers, but
they're answers to a different question.



很糟糕，
很差劲，
很难堪。

谢谢你们提供这些答案

但这些答案没有回答我
的问题




you guys are answering the question: how does it feel to realize you're
wrong?



你们回答的问题是：

当你意识到你犯错的时候，你的感觉如何
?



(laughter) realizing you're wrong can feel like all of that and a lot of other
things, right?



(
笑声
)
意识到你犯错了就会有刚刚所说的这些感觉，不是吗
?



i mean it can be devastating, it can be revelatory, it can actually be quite funny,

like my stupid chinese character mistake.



令人沮丧，
暴露了一些真实

有时候甚至有些好笑

像我误以为路牌是中文字




but just being wrong doesn't feel like anything.



但犯错本身

事实上毫无感觉




i'll give you an analogy.



让我给你一个例子




do you remember that loony tunes cartoon where there's this pathetic
coyote who's always chasing and never catching a roadrunner?



你记得卡通里

那个总是在追逐

却从未抓到猎物的土狼吗
?



in pretty much every episode of this cartoon, there's a moment where the
coyote is chasing the roadrunner and the roadrunner runs off a cliff,



几乎在每一集里

牠的猎物

-
一只走鹃鸟

都会跳下悬崖




which is fine, he's a bird, he can fly.



反正牠是鸟，牠可以飞




but the thing is, the coyote runs off the cliff right after him.




但土狼也会跟着牠一起跳崖




and what's funny -- at least if you're six years old -- is that the
coyote's totally fine too.



那很好笑

如果你是个六岁儿童

土狼也很好




he just keeps running -- right up until the moment that he looks down and
realizes that he's in mid-air.



牠就这么继续跑

直到牠往下看

发现自己漫步在空中




that's when he falls.



这时候他才会往下掉




when we're wrong about something -- not when we realize it, but before
that -- we're like that coyote after he's gone off the cliff and before he
looks down.



在我们犯错时

在我们意识到我们犯错时

我们就像那只土狼

还没意识到自
己奔出悬崖




you know, we're already wrong, we're already in trouble, but we feel
like we're on solid ground.




我们已经错了

已经惹上麻烦了

但仍然感觉像走在地上




so i should actually correct something i said a moment ago.



我应该改变我之前的说法




it does feel like something to be wrong; it feels like being right.



犯错的感觉就和

正确的感觉一样




(laughter) so this is one reason, a structural reason, why we get stuck inside this
feeling of rightness.



(
笑声
)
事实上我们这种自以为对的感受

是有构造性的原因的




i call this error blindness.



我称之为错误盲点




most of the time, we don't have any kind of internal cue to let us know
that we're wrong about something, until it's too late.



大部份的时间里

我们身体里没有任何机制

提醒我们错了

直到木已成舟




but there's a second reason that we get stuck inside this feeling as well --
and this one is cultural.




但还有第二个理由

文化性的理由




think back for a moment to elementary school.



回想小学时代




you're sitting there in class, and your teacher is handing back quiz papers,
and one of them looks like this.



你坐在课堂里

你的老师发回小考考卷

像这样的小考考卷




this is not mine, by the way.



虽然这张不是我的




(laughter) so there you are in grade school, and you know exactly what to think
about the kid who got this paper.



(
笑声
)
你从小学时代

就知道该对拿这张考卷的同学

下甚么评语




it's the dumb kid, the troublemaker, the one who never does his
homework.



笨蛋，捣蛋鬼

从不做功课的坏学生




so by the time you are nine years old, you've already learned, first of all,
that people who get stuff wrong are lazy, irresponsible dimwits --




你不过才九岁

你已经懂得，首先

那些犯错的人

都是懒惰、不负责任的傻
瓜




and second of all, that the way to succeed in life is to never make any mistakes.



第二

想要在人生中成功

就不要犯错




we learn these really bad lessons really well.



我们很早就得到这些错误讯息




and a lot of us -- and i suspect, especially a lot of us in this room -- deal with
them by just becoming perfect little a students,



而我们

尤其是这个大厅里的许多人

都因此成为好学生

拿全
a



perfectionists, over-achievers.



完美主义、永不满意




right, mr. cfo, astrophysicist, ultra- marathoner?



不是吗
?
财务长、天体物理学家、超级马拉松先生们
?



(laughter) you're all cfo, astrophysicists, ultra-marathoners, it turns out.




(
笑声
)
结果是你们全成了财务长、天体物理学家、跑超级马拉松




okay, so fine.



那很好




except that then we freak out at the possibility that we've gotten
something wrong.



但一旦我们发现有可能犯错

就开始手足无措




because according to this, getting something wrong means there's
something wrong with us.



因为依照规定

犯错

代表我们一定也有甚么不对劲




so we just insist that we're right, because it makes us feel smart and
responsible and virtuous and safe.



于是我们坚持己见

因为那让我们感觉聪明、得体

安全和可靠




so let me tell you a story.



让我告诉你们一个故事




a couple of years ago, a woman comes into beth israel deaconess medical
center for a surgery.




几年前

一个女人到

beth israel deaconess
诊所做手术




beth israel's in boston.



beth israel
在波士顿




it's the teaching hospital for harvard -- one of the best hospitals in the
country.



是哈佛大学的教学附属医院

全国数一数二的医疗中心




so this woman comes in and she's taken into the operating room.



这个女人被送进开刀房




she's anesthetized, the surgeon does his thing -- stitches her back up,
sends her out to the recovery room.



麻醉，外科医生做完手术

缝合，将她送进恢复室




everything seems to have gone fine.



一切看上去都很好




and she wakes up, and she looks down at herself, and she says,
wrong side of my body in bandages?