copy什么意思英文介绍美国的三权分立制度

2021年1月26日发(作者：马萨瓦)

The separation of power and the system
of checks-and-balances in USA
It is known to us that the political system vary from country to country depending
on its different national condition, such as the constitutional monarchy of UK and the
People's
Congress
system
of
China,
the
separation
of
power
of
US.
During
this
discussion, we will talk about the how the American government works under the idea
of separation of power which is associated with the checks and balances system.

According to the U.S. Constitution declared that the government was divided into
three
different
branches
including
a
legislative,
an
executive
and
a
judiciary,
in
accordance with the idea of separation of power. This idea was created because that
Americans did not want these powers to be controlled by just one man or one group.
They
were
afraid
that
if
a
small
group
received
too
much
power,
the
United
States
would wind up under the rule of another dictator or tyrant.
Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu
in
separate
branches
of
government.
Each
of
the
three
branches
would
have
defined
powers to check the powers of the other branches. This idea was called separation of
powers.
This
philosophy
heavily
influenced
the
writing
of
the
United
States
Constitution.
The
legislative,
executive,
and
judicial
branches
of
the
United
States
government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power. The United State
’s
form of separation of powers is associated with a system of checks and balances.
How
does
the
United
States
do
when
putting
the
idea
of
separation
of
power
into
practice? Which department is responsible for the legislative, executive, and judicial
work
respectively?
In
fact,
in
USA,
the
legislative
is
headed
by
Congress;
the
executive
branch
headed
by
the
President
and
judicial
branches
headed
by
the
Supreme Court.
If we have to
use very simple
words to
describe the work of these
three branches, it can be summarized as follow: the Legislative Branch makes the law;
the Executive Branch enforces and carries out the laws; The Judicial Branch interprets
the laws. Each branch of the government have particular powers, it will be introduced
followed.

The President, who is responsible for the Executive Branch carries out federal laws
and recommends new ones, directs national defense and foreign policy, and performs
ceremonial duties. The main powers include:

May veto laws

dealing with international powers,

cting as chief law enforcement officer,

directing government, commanding the Armed Forces,
Wages
war
at
the
direction
of
Congress
(Congress
makes
the
rules



for

the


military)
Makes decrees or declarations (for example, declaring a state of emergency)
promulgates lawful regulations and executive orders
Appoints judges and executive department heads
Has power to grant pardons to convicted persons, except in cases of impeachment

The
Legislative
Branch
is
headed
by
the
Congress,
which
includes
the
House
of
Representatives and the Senate. The main task of these two bodies is to make the laws.
Its main powers include
：

Writes and enacts laws
Enacts taxes, authorizes borrowing, and sets the budget.
Has sole power to declare war.
May start investigations, especially against the executive branch.
The Senate considers presidential appointments of judges and executive department
heads.
The Senate ratifies treaties.
The House of Representatives may impeach, and the Senate may remove, executive
and judicial officers.
Sets up federal courts except the Supreme Court, and sets the number of justices on
the Supreme Court.
May override presidential vetoes.
originating spending bills (House),

impeach officials (Senate), and approve treaties (Senate).



Headed by the Supreme Court, Judicial
branch has the final
right
to
interpret
the
law, that is to say, once the Supreme Court defines the law, the other different debates
will be ineffective. The main powers of the Supreme Court include:
interpreting the Constitution,
reviewing laws
decide cases involving states' rights.
Determines which laws Congress intended to apply to any given case
Determines whether a law is unconstitutional
Determines how Congress meant the law to apply to disputes
Determines how a law acts to determine the disposition of prisoners
Determines how a law acts to compel testimony and the production of evidence
Determines how laws should be interpreted to assure uniform policies in a top-down
fashion via the appeals process, but gives discretion in individual cases to low-level
judges. (The amount of discretion depends upon the standard of review, determined
by the type of case in question.)
Polices its own members

Not only does each branch of the government have particular powers each branch
has certain powers over the other branches. This is done to keep them balanced and to
prevent one branch form ever gaining too much power, which practices the system of
checks-and-balances. This can be shown in the some aspects: