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original什么意思英语专业长难句分析(经典提升)

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来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-26 13:02
tags:

original什么意思-legacy是什么意思

2021年1月26日发(作者:possess)

[
In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press
]
,
Lord Irvine
, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill
(
that
will propose
making payments to witnesses
<
illegal> and
will strictly control
the amount of publicity
(
that can be given to a case
[
before a trial begins
])
)
.
分析
:


第一,划出定语从句和状语从句
: that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case /before
a trial begins.
第二,划出介词短语:
In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press
第三,句子的结构分析
:

1
)主干结构是主语(
Lord Irvine
含同位语
the Lord Chancellor

+
将来时谓语(
will introduce

+
宾语(
a draft bill




2

that
引导的定语从句修饰
draft bill,
其中,
will propose
是第一个谓语,
making payments to witnesses illegal
是一个动名词短语做宾语,在动名词短语内部,
payments to wi tnesses

making
的宾语,
illegal
是宾补;< br>第二个谓语是
will strictly control, the amount of publicity
是它的宾语。
that can be given to a case before a trial
begins
是孕含有一个时间状语从句(
before a trial begins
)的定语从句,修饰
publicity



1.
Energy shortage will make it to continue agriculture in the high- energy American fashion (that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields).

结构 分析
:
句中套嵌一个由关系代词
that
引导的定语从句,
修饰the high-energy American fashion

在定语从句中,
that
做主语,
makes
做谓语,
it
做形式宾语,< br>不定式短语
to combine few farmers with high yields
则是真正的宾语(不定式短语内部
to combine
是主干,
few farmers
是宾语,
with high yields
是状语)

possible
做宾语补足语。
this
指代前句中提到的这种困境。
energy shortage


能源的匮乏
”;in…fashion




方法、方式



译文
:这种困境将是确定无疑的,因为能源的匮乏 ,高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去,而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高
产 成为可能。

2.

[Now
since
the
assessment
of
intelligence
is
a
comparative
matter]

we
must
be
sure

that
the
scale
(
with
which
we
are
comparing
our
subjects
)

provides
a“valid”or“fair”comparison
.

结构分析
:
句子的主干是
we must be sure…

since
引导原因状语从句
the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter

主句中又有
that
引导的宾语从句
that
the scale with which we are comparing our subjec
ts provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison。此宾语从句中又套嵌一个由介词
with+which
引导的定语从句
with which we
are comparing our subjects
修饰先行词
the scale

scale
在此 处意为

尺度、衡量标准



译文
:既然对智力 的评估相比较而言的,那么我们必须确保,在对我们的对象进行比较时,我们所用的尺度能够提供
有效的



公平的

比较。

3.
In general

the tests work

most effectively
[
when the qualities (to be measured) can be most precisely defined]


and

least effectively
[
when what is to be measured


or predicted can be not well defined]

.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
the tests work most effectively when…and least effectively when…

and
连接两个并列分句,每个并列分句中皆 有一个
when
引导的时
间状语从句分别说明
work
most
effectively

and

work

l east
effectively
。第二个时间状语从句中还有一个主语从句
wha t…predicted

the tests
是主句的主语,
work为动词做谓语。
qualities
在此处是可数名词,不译为

质量< br>”
,而译为

特征


defined
不能 直译为

被定义为

,而应译为主动语态

界定



译文
:一般来说,当所需要测定的特征能被精确界定时,测试最为有效< br>;
而当所测定或预测的东西不能被明确界定时,测试效果最差。

4.
For example

they do not compensate
弥补

for gross social inequality

and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged
贫穷的
youngster might have been

had he
grown up under more favorable circumstances

.

结构分析
:
句子的框架是
they do not compensate…

and thus do not
tell how…< br>。
and
连接两个并列分句,
第二个并列分句中由
how
引导 的宾语从句是一个带有
虚拟条件句的主从复合句,其中
had he grown up…

=If he had grown up…
)是省略了连词
if< br>的非真实条件句。主句主语的
they
,在此代指上文提到的
tests; able
在句中作
might have been
的表语。
underpr ivileged
在此不能译为

没有特权的

,而译为

没有地位的



物质条件差的


< br>译文
:例如,测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公
;
因此,它们不能说明一个物质条 件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环境中成长的话,会有多大才干。

5
.It leads the discussion

to extremes at the outset


it invites you
[
to think that animals should be treate
d [
either
with the consideration humans extend to other humans
]

or

[
with no consideration at all
]
].


结构分析
:
句子的框架是
It leads t
he discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that…
。冒号后的复合句是对冒号前部分作进一步说明。复合句中that
引导宾语从句,从句中有
either…or…
引导的两个并列的介词结 构作状语,修饰动词
be
treated
,其中第一个
with
介 词结构中还有一个省略了关系代词
that

which
的定语从句
humans extend to other humans
,修饰
the consid eration

it
代指上文的观点,即如果对人权没有达成一致看法,而谈论动物 的权利是徒劳的。
介词短语
at the outset
译为

从一 开始

。动词
invites
应转译为

使






促使

。动宾结构extend consideration to
意为

给予关怀或关心


consideration
不应译


考虑



译文
:这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向极端,它使人们认为应该这样 对待动物
:
要么像对人类自身一样关怀体谅,要么完全冷漠无情。

6.
But even more important

it was [the farthest] that scientists had been able to look into the past

[for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15
billion years ago].



结构分析
:
句子的框架是
it
was
the
farthest
that…
。但
It
was…that…在本句中不是强调句型。
it
是指上句中所提到的
150
亿年前形成的巨 大云团(
a
strip
of
enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth

;that
引导的应是一个定语从句,修饰先行词
the fa rthest

for
引导的是表示原因的分句,分句中还有
that
引导的定语从句,修饰
the patterns and structure






译文
:但更重要的是,这是科学家们所能观测到的 有关过去的最为遥远的景象,因为他们看到的是
150
亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。



7.
Thus it happened that
[
when the new factories that were springing up required labor
]

t
ens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers

with their wives and
children

were forced into the cities in search of work

and any work

under any condition

that would keep them alive].
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
it happe
ned that…
it
做形式主语,
that
引导的从句做真正的主语。
主语从 句中,
又有一个由
when
引导的时间状语从句,
主句为
tens
of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers…were forced…
,时间状语从句中从句主语
the new factories
又带有一个定语从句
that were springing up; that
would keep them alive

work
的定语从句。
spring up
意为

发生,出现,建立



译文
:

于是就出现了这样的情况
:
正当新办的工厂纷纷建 立,需要劳动力的时候,成千上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘、以农业为生的劳动者携家带口,被迫进入
城市< br>;
他们要找活干,不管什么活儿,不论什么条件,只要不被饿死就行。

8
. As a result of two or three centuries of scientific investigation
we have come to believe that
nature is understandable in the sense that
when
we ask her questions by way of
appropriate observations and experiments

she
will answer truly and reward us with discoveries that endure.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
…we have come to believe that…

that
引导的从句做
believe
的宾语从句
;
此从句中有一个
that
从句作
the sense
的同位语从句
;
同位语从
句中又套嵌一个由
when
引导的 时间状语从句
;
此时间状语从句又套嵌一个定语从句
that
endure
,修饰其先行词
discoveries

by
way
of
意为

经由,通过


法< br>”;reward sb. with
意为



报答,酬劳
”;endure
此处应译为

持久,持续
”,
不要译为< br>“
忍受,容忍



译文
:
由于两三个世纪 以来的科学研究成果,我们逐渐相信,如果运用合适的观察和实验方法向大自然探究问题,她会真心实意地给我们 答复,并且以永垂
不朽的发现来报答我们。从这个意义上来说,大自然是可以认识的。

9.
These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details were it not for the fact that theoretical understanding has reached the stage at which it is
becoming possible to indicate the kind of measurements required for reliable weather forecasting.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details…

后面紧跟省略了
if
引导的虚拟条件句
were it not for the fact
that…
,即
if it were not for the fact that…;that
从句作
the fact
的同位语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个定语从句,修饰其先行词
the stage; required for reliable weather
forecasting
为过去分词短语修饰
the kind of measur ements

simply
译为

只不过,仅仅

,不应译

简单地



译文
:理论上的认识已 达到了这样一个阶段
,
即现在已能指出需要哪种测量方式才能可靠地预报天气。如果做不到这一 点,那么上述这些新的观察能力只不
过提供了一大堆细节而已。

10. The story of the discovery of what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes

namely that a solid body when immersed in a liquid loses a portion of its weight of
the liquid it displaces

has many different versions

of which the following is one.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
The story…has many different versions…

what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes
为名词性从句做介词
of
的宾语。
namely
that a solid body…

the principle of Archimedes
的同位语
;when immersed in a liquid
是省略了主语的过去分词短语,
句子补充完整为
when the solid body is immersed

original什么意思-legacy是什么意思


original什么意思-legacy是什么意思


original什么意思-legacy是什么意思


original什么意思-legacy是什么意思


original什么意思-legacy是什么意思


original什么意思-legacy是什么意思


original什么意思-legacy是什么意思


original什么意思-legacy是什么意思



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