kangnam英语长难句答案

2021年1月26日发(作者：花钱如流水)
1.

This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in
the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.



结构分析
:
句子的主干是
This will be particularly true
…。
since
引导原因状语从句。此从句中< br>又套嵌一个由关系代词
that
引导的定语从句，修饰
the high- energy American fashion
。在定
语从句中，
that
做主语，
makes
做谓语，
it
做形式宾语，不定式短语
to combine few farmers
with high yields
则是真正的宾语（不定式短语内部
to combine
是主干，
few farmers
是宾语，
with high yields
是状语）
，
possible
做宾语补足语。
this
指代前句中提到的这种困境。
energy
pinch
译为“能 源的匮乏”
;in
…
fashion
译为“用…方法、方式”
。


译文：这种困境将是确
定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这 种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去，而
这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。





2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter
，
we must be sure that the
scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a
“
valid
”
or
“
fair
”
co mparison.



结
构分析
:
句子的主干是
we
must
be
sure
…。
since
引导原因状语从句
the
assessment
of
intelligence is a comparative matter
。
主句中又有
that
引导的宾语从句
that the scale with which
we are comparing our subjects provides a
“
valid
”
or
“< br>fair
”
comparison
。此宾语从句中又套嵌
一个由介词< br>with+which
引导的定语从句
with which we are comparing our subjects
修饰先行
词
the scale
。
scale
在此处意为“尺度、衡量标准”
。




译文：既然对智力的评估相比较而
言的，那么我们必须确保， 在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所用的尺度能够提供“有效
的”或“公平的”比较。





3. In general
，
the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most
precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can be not well
defined.


结构分析
:
句子的框架是
the tests work most effectively when
…
and least effectively
when
…。
and
连接两个并列分句，每个并列分句中皆有一个
when
引导的时间状语从句分
别说明
work most effectively
和
and
（
work
）
least effectively
。第二个时间状语从句中还有一
个主语从句
what
…
predicted
。
the
tests
是主句的主语，
work
为动词做谓语。
qualities
在此
处是可数名词，不译为“ 质量”
，而译为“特征”
。
defined
不能直译为“被定义为”
，而应
译为主动语态“界定”
。



译文：一般来说，当 所需要测定的特征能被精确界定时，测试
最为有效
;
而当所测定或预测的东西不能被明 确界定时，测试效果最差。






4. For example
，
they do not compensate for gross social inequality
，
and thus do not tell how
able
an
underprivileged
youngster
might
have
been
had
he
grown
up
under
more
favorable
circumstances.




结构分析
:
句子的框架是
they do not compensate
…，
and thus do not tell
how…。
and
连接两个并列分句，第二个并列分句中由
how
引导的宾语从 句是一个带有虚
拟条件句的主从复合句，其中
had he grown up
…（
=If he had grown up
…）是省略了连词
if< br>的非真实条件句。
主句主语的
they
，
在此代指上文提到的
tests; able
在句中作
might have been
的表语。
underprivileged
在此不能译为“没有特权的”
，而译为“没有地位的”或“物 质条
件差的”
。



译文：例如，测试并不能弥补明显的 社会不公
;
因此，它们不能说明一个物质
条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境中成长的 话，会有多大才干。





leads the discussion to extremes at the outset
：
it invites you to think that animals should
be
treated
either
with
the
consideration
humans
extend
to
other
humans
，
or
with
no
consideration
at
all.



结构分析
:
句子的框架是
It
leads
the
discussion
to
extremes
at
the
outset: it invites you to think that
…。冒号后的 复合句是对冒号前部分作进一步说明。复合句
中
that
引导宾语从句，
从句 中有
either
…
or
…引导的两个并列的介词结构作状语，
修饰 动词
be treated
，
其中第一个
with
介词结构中还有一 个省略了关系代词
that
或
which
的定语从句
humans extend to other humans
，修饰
the consideration
。
it
代指上文的观点，即如果对人权
没有达成一致看法，
而谈论动 物的权利是徒劳的。
介词短语
at the outset
译为
“从一开始”
。
动词
invites
应转译为“使”
、
“让”或“促使”
。动宾结构
extend consideration to
意为“给予
关 怀或关心”
，
consideration
不应译为
“考虑”
。



译文：
这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向
极端， 它使人们认为应该这样对待动物
:
要么像对人类自身一样关怀体谅，要么完全冷漠无
情 。





6. But even more important
，
it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the
past
，
for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years
ago.




结构分析
:
句子的框架是
it was the farthest that
…。但
It was
…
that
…在本句中不是
强 调句型。
it
是指上句中所提到的
150
亿年前形成的巨大云团（
a
strip
of
enormous
cosmic
clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth< br>）
;that
引导的应是一个定语从句，
修饰先行词
the
farthest
。
for
引导的是表示原因的分句，
分句中还有
t hat
引导的定语从句，
修饰
the patterns
and
structure
。



译文：但更重要的是，这是科 学家们所能观测到的有关过去的最为遥远
的景象，因为他们看到的是
150
亿年前宇宙 云的形状和结构。





7. Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up required labor
，
tens of
thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers
，
with their wives and children
，
were
forced into the cities in search of work
，
and any work
，
under any condition
，
that would keep
them alive.


结构分析
:
句子的框架是
it happened that
…。< br>it
做形式主语，
that
引导的从句
做真正的主语。主语从句中，又 有一个由
when
引导的时间状语从句，主句为
tens
of
thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers
…
were forced
…，时间状语从句中从句
主语
the new factories
又带有一个定语从句
that were springing up; that would keep them alive
做
work
的定语从句。
spring
up
意为“发生，出现，建立”
。译文
:
于是就出现了这样的情< br>况
:
正当新办的工厂纷纷建立，需要劳动力的时候，成千上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘、以农 业
为生的劳动者携家带口，被迫进入城市
;
他们要找活干，不管什么活儿，不论什么条 件，只
要不被饿死就行。





8. As a result of two or three centuries of scientific investigation we have come to believe that
nature
is
understandable
in
the
sense
that
when
we
ask
her
questions
by
way
of appropriate
observations and experiments
，
she will answer truly and reward us with discoveries that endure.


结构分析
:
句子的框架是…
we have come to believe that
…。
that
引导的从句做
believe
的宾语
从句
;
此从句中有一个
that
从句作
the s ense
的同位语从句
;
同位语从句中又套嵌一个由
when
引导的 时间状语从句
;
此时间状语从句又套嵌一个定语从句
that
endure
，修饰其先行词
discoveries
。
by way of
意为
“经由，
通过…方法”
;reward sb. with
意为
“以…报答，
酬劳”
;endure
此处应译为“持久，持续”
,
不要译为“忍受，容忍”
。




译 文
:
由于两三个世纪以来的科
学研究成果，我们逐渐相信，如果运用合适的观察和实验 方法向大自然探究问题，她会真
心实意地给我们答复，并且以永垂不朽的发现来报答我们。从这个意义上 来说，大自然是
可以认识的。





9. These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details were it not for
the fact that theoretical understanding has reached the stage at which it is becoming possible to
indicate the kind of measurements required for reliable weather forecasting.


结构分析
:
句子
的框架是
These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details
…。后面
紧跟省略了
if
引导的虚拟条件句
were it not for the fact that
…，即
if it were not for the fact
that
…
;that
从句作
the fact
的同位语从句。
此从句中又套嵌一个定语从句，
修饰其先行词
the
stage;
required
for
reliable
weather
forecasting
为
过
去
分
词
短
语
修
饰
the
kind
of
measurements
。
simply
译为“只不过，仅仅”
，不应译为 “简单地”
。



译文：理论上的认
识已达到了这样一个 阶段
,
即现在已能指出需要哪种测量方式才能可靠地预报天气。如果做
不到这一点，那 么上述这些新的观察能力只不过提供了一大堆细节而已。





10. The story of the discovery of what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes
，
namely that a solid body when immersed in a liquid loses a portion of its weight of the liquid it
displaces
，
has many different versions
，
of which the following is one.


结构分析
:
句子的框架
是
The
story
…
has
many
different
versions
…。
what
is
now
generally
called
the
principle
of
Archimedes
为名词性从句做介词
of
的宾语。namely
that
a
solid
body
…作
the
principle
of
Archimedes
的同位语
;when immersed in a liquid
是省略了主语的过去分词短语，句子补充完
整为
when the solid body is immersed in a liquid
，修饰其主句
a solid body loses a portion of its
weight of the liquid
…
;it displaces
是省略了关系代词
that
的定语从句修饰
the liquid
，
it
代指
前面提到的
the solid body;
同时，
of which the following is one
又 构成先行词
versions
的定语
从句。
displace
意为“ 排（水）
”
;version
不译为“版本”
，此处指“根据个人观点的（对 事
件等的）说法，看法”
;
句尾的
one
代指
a vers ion
。译文
:
当固体浸没到液体中时，固体会失
去它所排出的液体的那部分 重量，这就是现在通常所谓的阿基米德原理。有关这一发现的
故事说法众多，下面的故事就是其中之一。




11. We assumed that there were forces of attraction between molecules which varied rapidly
with
the
distance
so
that
the
attraction
between
molecules
that
were
more
than
a
few
ten
millionths
of
a
millimeter
apart
was
very
small
but
became
considerable
when
the
molecules
approached
more
closely.


结构分析
:
句子的框架是
We
assumed
that
there
were
forces
of
attractio n
…。
that
引导宾语从句。此宾语从句中套嵌一个由
which
引导的定语从句修饰先
行词
forces of attraction; so that the attraction between molecules
…是
so that< br>结构引导的结果
状语从句
;
在此状语从句中，除主干结构
the
attraction
…
was
very
small
but
became
considerable
…，又有
that were more than a few ten-millionths of a millimeter apart
做定语从
句修饰先行词
molecules
和
when the molecules approached more closely
做状语从句，
修饰…
but became considerabl e
。
considerable
译为
“相当大
（或多的）
”
。




译文：
我们曾经假定，
分子之 间存在着引力，这种引力随着分子之间距离的不同而有显著的变化，因而，在间距
为千万分之几毫米的分 子之间的引力是很小的，但是分子靠得很近时，这种引力会变得相
当大。




12. This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development
，
which means that we
must
，
for the benefit of coming generations
，
leave enough environmental space so that these
generations will be able to address their needs and fulfill their aspirations.


结构分析
:
句子的
框架是
This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable developmen t
…。其后紧跟着一个
which
引导的定语从句，
修饰先行词
su stainable development
。
此定语从句的谓语动词
means< br>又套嵌一个
that
引导的宾语从句，即
we must
…
leave enough environmental space
。此宾语
从句中又有
so
that
结构做此从句的目的状语。
be
enshrined
i n
意为“被深深地珍藏（或铭
记）在…”
，此处转译为主动语态“纳入到”
。
sustainable development
译为“可持续发展”
。



译文：这一需要被正式载入可持续发展的概念之中。所谓可持续发展是指
:
为了子孙后代的
利益，我们必须保留足够的生存环境空间，以满足他们的需要，施展抱负。< br>




13.
Painting
lacks
only
the
means
to
represent
movement
in
time
and
space
，
which
is
the
special property of sculpture and architecture
，
since a painting is designed to be seen from one
point at one time
，
whereas sculpture and architecture are created to be seen from various points
of
view
，
thus
supplying
movements
in
space
and
time.



结构分析
:
句子的框架是
Painting
lacks only the means
…
,since
…。
since
引导的原因状语 从句修饰主句
;
关系代词
which
引导的
定语从句修饰
t he means to represent movement in time and space; property
在此处应译为
“性
质
,
特性”
,
不译为“财产
,
资产”
。译文：绘画缺少的仅仅是表现空间与时间变化的手法，而这正是雕塑与建筑的特性。绘画时只要求在某一时刻，从空间的一点来欣赏，而雕塑和建
筑的创造则 要求从各个角度来欣赏，这样就表现出了空间，时间的变化。




14. Once intimidated by arguments that their children would feel more at home in bilingual
classes
，
and that they might lose their heritage in regular classes
，
these women have since given
voice
，
loudly and persuasively
，
to what they know from experience that unless they are fluent in
the language of their adopted country
，
their children will never attend college or land any but
the most menial of jobs.


结构分析
:
句子的框架是
these women have
…
given voice
…
to what
they know from experience that
…。
that
从句做
experience
的同位语从句
;
此从句中又套嵌一
个
unle ss
引导的条件状语从句
;Once
intimidated
by
arguments
是过去分词做状语修饰
these
women
，其施动者
arguments
又有两个
that
引导的同位语从句修饰限定 它。
intimidated
by
arguments
意为“被论点搞得惊慌害怕”
;feel at home
不能直译为“感到在家”
，而译为“感
到自在”
;give voice to
意为“表达，表露”
;land jobs
译为“找到工作”
。




译文：有人 说，
孩子们在双语课堂里会感到更加自由自在，而在正规班级会丧失其传统文化。这几位母亲
曾 被这一论点搞得惶恐不安，现在发表了最响亮，最有说服力的意见。从她们自身的经验
中，他们深知:
如果孩子们不熟练掌握他们所移居国家的语言，除了那些最简单的体力活儿
外，根本谈不 上上大学，也谈不上找到理想的工作。





15.
The
presumption
on
which
human
cloning
rests
is
that
all
these
cells
，
though
now
specialized
，
still contain exact copies of the original set of genetic instructions needed to make
an entire individual and can do so if a way is found to switch them back on.



结构分析
:
句子
的框架是
The
presumption
is
that
all
these
cells
…
contain
genetic
instructions
…
and
can
do
so
…。其中介词
on
加
which
引导定语从句修饰主语
th e presumption; that
从句为表语从句
;
此表语从句中
c ontain
和
can do
并列做
all these cells
的谓语
;
表语从句中又插入一个
though
引导的省略了主语
a ll
these
cells
的让步状语从句，补充完整为
though
these
cells
are
now
specialized; needed to make an entire individual
为过去分词短语做
genetic instructions
的后置
定语
;
并列谓语
can do so
又有
if
条件句修饰。
rest on
意为“依赖”
。为避免重复
do so
代替
前文提到的
make an entire individual
。



译文：人类克隆赖以存在的假定是< br>:
虽然所有的细
胞现已全部特化，但却仍然包含有发育为完整个体所需的与母体完全一致 的全部遗传指令
;
如果能找到一个方法使失去作用的部分恢复作用，这些细胞就能发育成为完整 的个体。




16. Thus
，
a regularity for which there are general theoretical grounds will be more readily called
a natural law than an empirical regularity that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or
theories.



结构分析：句子的框架是
a regularity
…
will be more readily called a natural law
than an empirical regularity
…。
介词
for
加关系代词
which
引导定语从句修饰
a regularity
。
an
empirical
regularity
后又有定语从句
that
cannot
be
subsumed
under
more
general
laws
or
theories
修饰。
grounds
意为“根据，理由”
;subsume
意为“把…归入，纳入”
。



译文：
因此，与一条不能被归入更普遍的法则或理论而是基于经验的规律相比，一条 具有普遍理
论依据支持的规律很可能被认可为一条自然法则。





17. It is because of the close association in most people
’
s minds of tools with man that special
attention
has
always
been
focused
upon
any
animal
able
to
use
an
object
as
a
tool
，
but
it
is
important
to
realize
that
this
ability
，
on
its
own
，
does
not
necessarily
indicate
any
special
intelligence in the creature concerned.


结构分析
:
句子的框架是
It is because of
…
that
…，
but
it is important to realize that
…。
but
连接两个并列句，
but
前的并列分句为
It is
…
that
…强调
结构，强调
because
of< br>引导的状语。
but
后的并列分句又有
that
引导的宾语从句做realize
的宾语。
the close association in most people
’
s minds of tools with man
中注意
in most people
’
s minds
把
the close association of tools with man
（工具与人类的密切联系）分隔开来。两个
并列句中分别有
able to use an object as a tool
和
concerned
分别做其前 面名词
animal
和
the
creature
的后置定语。man
根据上下文在此处指“人类”
，而不是“男人”
;not
necessarily
译为“不一定、未必”
;on its own
意为 “独立地，凭自己力量”
，在此转译为“就其自身而
言”
。




译文：

正是由于在大多数人头脑中工具与人类联系密切，人类 才特别关注有能
力把物体当工具使用的任何一种动物。但值得注意的是，这种能力就其自身而言，并不表
明这种动物有什么特别的智慧。




18. The point at which tool using and tool making acquire evolutionary significance is surely
when an animal can adapt its ability to manipulate objects to a wide variety of purposes
，
and
when it can use an object spontaneously to solve a brand-new problem that without the use of a
tool would prove insoluble.



结构分析
:
句子的框架是
The point
…
is
…
when
…
and when
…。
两个
when
引导的从句为并列的表语从句。
at
which
tool
using
and
tool
making
acquire
evolutionary significance
为定语从句修饰主语
the point;
第二个
when
引导的表语从句中也有
that
引导的定语从句修饰
a brand-new problem
。
ability to manipulate objects
译为
“操纵物体
的能力”
;
…
a
brand-new
problem
that
without
the
use
of
a
tool
would
prove
insoluble
中
without
和
in soluble
为双重否定可译成肯定句。



译文：当一种动物 能够使自己操纵物体
的能力适用于更广泛的目标范围，并且能够自发地使用物体解决只有通过工具才能解 决的
崭新问题时，工具的使用和制造就肯定达到了具有进化意义的阶段。





19.
It
was
the
desire
to
be
scholarly
that
brought
about
a
wxdye
of
Latin
terms
which
appeared in the 16th century when the humanist movement brought new impetus to learning
throughout
Europe.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
It
was
the
desire
…
that
brought
about
a
wxdye
…。
it is
…
that
…是强调句型，强调主语
the desire to be scholarly
。关系代词
which
引
导定语从句
,
修饰
Latin
terms;
关系副词
when
引导定语从句,
修饰
century
。句中
scholarly
做
“ 博学多才”
讲
;humanist movement
译为
“人文主义运动”
;impetus
意为
“动力
,
促进”
。



译
文：在
16
世纪的时候，人文主义运动促进了欧洲各 国的学术运动，人们都想显示自己的博
学多才，从而出现了一股使用拉丁字词的潮流。





20. So don
’
t be surprised if you never encounter some of the expressions that still appear in
school textbooks; and next time you hear somebody using a strange word you hxdyen
’
t heard
before
，
you
can
comfort
yourself
that
there
may
well
be
a
native
speaker
somewhere
who
doesn
’
t know it either.



结构分析
:
句子的框架是…
don
’
t be surprised if you
…
;and next
time
…，




you
can
comfort
yourself
that
…。分号连接两个并列分句。 在前面句子中，
if
引导状语从句
;
关系代词
that
引导 定语从句，修饰
expressions
。在后面句子中，
you
hear
…
是省略了关系副词
when
的定语从句，修饰
next time; you hxdyen
’
t heard before
又是省略
了关系代词
which
的定语从句，修饰
strange word;
主句是
you can comfort yourself that
… ，
这里的
that
引导宾语从句，而关系代词
who
引导定语从句， 修饰
native
speaker
。
may
和
well< br>连用表示有充分的理由，译为“
（完全）能，
（很）可能”
。





译文：因此，如果在
某些教科书里你碰到某些词组 是你从未见过的，你不必惊讶。如果下次你听到有人用一个
你以前从未听到过的新词，你可以这样安慰自 己说，很可能在什么地方有一个讲英语的本
地人也不认识这个字呢
!




21. Despite the saying that one never knows if lightning strikes him
，
a person can sometimes
feel the bolt coming and if quick enough
，
take protective action in time.



结构分析
:
句子的框架是
a person can
…
feel the bolt and
…
take protective action
…。
and
连接
两个并列的谓语动词。
句首
despite
是介词引导介词短语作状语，
此短语中
that
引导的名词
性从句做
saying
的同位语，此同位语从句中，
if
lightning
…是一个名词性从句，作
know
的
宾语，if
在句中相当于
whether
。
主句中
if quick enough
补充完整为
if he is quick enough
，
是
条件状语从句，为
take
action
的前提条件。句中
bolt
译为“闪电”
。




译文
:
尽管人们常
说一个人从来不知道是否 遭到闪电的袭击，但是一个人有时能感觉到闪电的到来，如果动
作快，就能及时采取保护措施。





22.
The
“
shareholder
”
as
such
had
no
knowledge
of
the
lives,
thoughts
or
needs
of
the
workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations
of capital and labor was not good.



结构分析
:
句子的框架是
The
“
shareholder
”
as such had
no knowledge
…
, and his influence
…
was not good.
。
and
连接两个并列的分句。
as such
做
The
“
shareholder
”的定语，
employed by thecompany in which he held shares
是过去分词短语作< br>定语，
修饰
workmen
，
分词短语中含有
in which he held shares
定语从句，
修饰
company
。



译
文：这样的股东，对他拥有股份的公司里所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无 所知，
而且他们对劳资双方的关系，也不会产生积极的影响。





23. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and
their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which
the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now
passing away.



结构分析
:
句子的框架是
The paid manager was in more direct relation with
the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the
workmen
…。
acting for the company
做
the paid manager
的定语，
which the employer had often
had
under
the
more
patriarchal
system
of
the
old
family
business
now
passing
away
做
that
familiar
personal
knowledge
的定语，
now
passing
away
做
the
old
family
business
的定语。




译文
:
受聘于公司并代表公司的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接，
但是< br>,
就连他对工人们
也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在，正在消失的古老家族公 司的那种更加家长
式制度下的雇主们，却常常对他们的工人有这样的私人关系。




24. When a journalist recently accused the company of lacking integrity in its testing of beauty
products
，
the company overtly appealed to the public by citing its corporate brand
，
which was
firmly
associated
in
people
’
s
minds
with
strong
ethical
standards
concerning
animal
rights.


结构分析
:
句子的框架是
When
…，
the company overtly appealed to the public
…。
wh en
引导
时间状语从句。
主句中关系代词
which
引导定语从句修 饰
corporate brand
，
此定语从句中
in
people
’
s minds
把
associated with
分隔开来。
beauty products
译为“美容产品”
。



译文：
有一名记者近日指责该公司在美容产品的测试上缺乏整体性，该公司公开利用其公司品牌
求助于公众。 在公众的心目中，该品牌同关系到动物权利的道德标准息息相关。




25. However
，
the criminals quickly came to realize that the real value in the computers is in
the chip which is remarkably portable and unidentifiable
，
so even when caught the police hxdye
trouble
proving
the
theft.


结构分析
:
句子的框架是
the
fraternity
…
came
to
realize
that
…
so
…
the police hxdye troub le
…。这是一个并列复合句，两个句子由
so
连接。在前面句子里
that
引导宾语从句，做
realize
的宾语
;
此从句中又有
w hich
引导的定语从句修饰
the chip; so
后面句子里
when
caught
是过去分词做状语，
when
caught
即
when
the
thief
was
caught;
proving
是现在分词，修饰
trouble
。




译文
:
但偷盗者认识到，电脑中真正值钱的东西是
芯 片（或叫集成电路片）
，这是可以随身携带和无法识别的。即使当场被抓住，警察也难以
证明那 是偷来的。


26.

Although
perhaps
only
1
percent
of
the
life
that
has
started
somewhere
will
develop
into
highly complex and intelligent patterns
，
so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is
bound to be a natural part of the universe.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
Al though
…，
so vast is the
number of planets that
…。主句为
so
…
that
…结构引导的 结果状语从句，因强调
vast,so vast
放在句首进行倒装
,
正常语序为
the number of planets is so vast that
…。
although
引导让步状
语从句。此从句中套嵌一个关系代词
that
引导的定语从句修饰
life< br>。
be
bound
to
意为“一
定
,
必定”
。



译文
:
虽然在某处已经开始的生命中，可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、
有智慧的形式，
但是行星的数目如此之多
,
以致于有智慧的生命
,
一定是宇宙的一个天然组成
部分。




27. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers
and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible
wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached
from
the
responsible
management
of
business.



结构分析：句子的框架是
Such
large,
impersonal manipulation greatly increased
…
shareholders as a class, an element
…主 语和宾语
都有较长的短语和
of
结构限定，并且分句是由两个
and
相连的
3
个部分组成的。分句
an
element
…
landowners
又带有两个定语，一个是
representing
…

，另一个是
detached
…。




译文：

对资本和企业进行大规模的非个人操纵，大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量 和重
要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应
尽 义务的分离，而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。




28
．
Towns like Bournemouth and Eastboune sprang up to house large
“
Comfortable
who had retired on their income s, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except
that
of
drawing
dividends
and
occasionally
attending
a
shareholders'
meeting
to
dictate
their
orders to the management.



结构分析：
Towns
…
sprang up
…
classes who
…
, and who
…。分
析句子主干很容易看到这也是一个典型的定语从句结构，分句由
who
…
,and
who
…两个并
列结构组成。
注意
like
并不是谓语而是 介词短语作定语，
真正的主句谓语是
sprang of
。
retire
on
指“依靠什么而退休（多跟表收入的名词）
”
。
that of drawing dividends
结构中，
draw
是
收取的意思，< br>dividend
指红利，
that of sth
结构是名词性的，
that
指代
relation
。注意后面还
有
attending
和
drawing
并列。



译文：像
Bournemouth
和
Eastboune
这样的城市，兴起了
大批隐退 的享乐阶层人士，他们靠自己的收入，在这里过着悠闲的生活。他们与群体之外
的人没有联系，只是分取 红利，偶尔参加股东会议，对管理人员发号施令。





29
．
Robert Fulton once wrote,
“
The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges,
wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of
his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.
”




结构分析：句子主干
Robert
Fulton
once
wrote,
“
The
mechanic
should
sit
down
…
,
like
a
…
,considering them as
…
, in which a
…”
，
considering
…分句是现在分词做状语，< br>可以拿到句
首，也可以在句尾，
in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea
是非限定性定语从句。



译文：罗博特?富尔顿曾经写道，机械工将坐在杠杆、螺丝、楔、轮子等周围，像 诗人对待
字母表中的每个字母一样，把它们作为自己的思路展示，每一个新组合都传递一个新概念。




30
．
Some
of
these
causes
are
completely
reasonable
results
of
social
needs.
Others
are
reasonable
consequences
of
particular
advances
in
science
being
to
some
extent
self-accelerating.


结构分析：
句子主干
Some of these causes are reasonable results
…
, Others
are consequences of advances
…。
主语是
some of these causes
，
实际的主语就是
some
，不过
谓语是 单数还是复数则取决于
of
后面的成分是单数还是复数。
being
to
some
extent
self- accelerating
是现在分词短语做定语，意为“属于”
。




译文：在这些原因中，有些完
全是自然而然地来自社会需求，另一些则是 由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生的，某
些特定发展的必然结果。





31
．
This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the
conclusion
that
the
specific
demands
that
a
government
wants
to
make
of
its
scientific
establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
结构分析：句子主干是
This trend began
during
…
, when
…引导时间状语从句
,
第一 个
that
引导同位语从句，
表明
conclusion
的内容。< br>第二个
that
引导的是修饰
demands
的定语从句。
译 文：
这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，
当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的 具体要求，通常是无法详尽预见的。





32
．
This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related
to
immediate
goals
but
of
possible
consequence
in
the
future.
结构分析：句子主干是
This
seems
…
done by supporting a certain amount of research not
…
but
…，
not
…
but
句型，
意为
“不
是……而是……”译文：给某些与当前目 标无关，但将来可能产生影响的科研提供支持，
看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。






33
．
However,
the
world
is
so
made
that
elegant
systems
are
in
principle
unable
to
deal
with
some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.
结构分析：句子主干是
However,
the world is so made that
…
systems are
…
unable to deal with some of the
…
aspects
。
so made
指“如此构成”
，
so
和后面的
that
构成
so
…
that结构，意为“如此…以至于…”
。译文：然
而
,
世界就是这样。一般而言
,
完美的体系无法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜的课题。





34
．
New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they
hxdye in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
结构分析：
句子主干是
New forms
…
must arise
…
as they hxdye in the past
。
主语是
new forms
和
new subjects
，
后跟介词短语
as well
as new subjects for thought
，谓语是
must arise
。
as
在这里引导状语从句
as they hxdye in the
past
，
hxdye
后省略了
arisen
，其 内容与本句主语一致。
giving rise to
…是一个现在分词短语
做状语。 译文：同过去一样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新
的标准。




35
．
For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 years old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights
of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a
terrifying death from his breathing condition.
结构分析：句子主干是
the NT Rights
…
means he
can get on with living without
…。
For Lloyd Nickson,
是状语，
“
a 54 years old
…
cancer
”
为
Lolyd
Nicks
的同位语。此句的核心结构为
Rights means
…，
he can get on with living without…是一
个宾语从句。译文：对于现年
54
岁居住在达尔文的肺癌患者尼克逊来说， 这个法案意味着
他可以平静地生活下去，而无须终日担心将要到来的折磨：因呼吸困难而在煎熬中死去。