nick什么意思新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册 Unit1

2021年1月26日发(作者：associate)
Unit 1
Learning the art of critical thinking


A.
There
is
nothing
more
practical
than
sound
thinking.
No
matter
what
your
circumstance or goals, no matter where you are, or what problems you face, you are
better off if your thinking is skilled. As a manager, leader, employee, citizen, lover,
friend,
parent
–

in
every
realm
and
situation
of
your
life
–

good
thinking
pays
off.
Poor
thinking,
in
turn,
inevitably
causes
problems,
wastes
time
and
energy,
and
engenders frustration and pain.

B. Critical thinking is the disciplined art of ensuring that you use the best thinking you
are capable of in any set of circumstances. The general goal of thinking is to
out
the lay of the land
in
any situation we are in. We all have multiple choices to
make. We need the best information to make the best choices.

C.
It
is
important
to
realize
that
serious
study
of
thinking,
serious
thinking
about
thinking, is rare. It is not a subject in most colleges. It is seldom found in the thinking
of our culture. But if you focus your attention for a moment on the role that thinking
is playing in your life, you may come to recognize that, in fact, everything you do, or
want, or feel is influenced by your thinking.


D. To make significant gains in the quality of your thinking you will have to engage in a kind of
work that most humans find unpleasant, if not painful
–
intellectual work. Yet once this thinking is
done and we move our thinking to a higher level of quality, it is not hard to keep it at that level.
Still, there is the price you have to pay to step up to the next level. One doesn't become a skillful
critic of thinking overnight, any more than one becomes a skillful basketball player or musician
overnight. To become better at thinking, you must be willing to put the work
into thinking that
skilled improvement always requires.

E. This means you must be willing to practice special
uncomfortable, and sometimes challenging and difficult. You have to learn to do with your mind

analogous
to
what
accomplished
athletes
learn
to
do
(through
practice
and
feedback)
with
their
bodies.
Improvement
in
thinking,
in
other
words,
is
similar
to
improvement
in
other
domains
of
performance
where
progress
is
a
product
of
sound
theory,
commitment,
hard
work,
and practice. Consider the following key ideas, which, when applied, result in a mind practicing
skilled thinking. These ideas represent just a few of the many ways in which disciplined thinkers
actively apply theory of mind to the mind by the mind in order to think better.

1. Clarify your thinking.

F.
Our
own
thinking
usually
seems
clear
to
us,
even
when
it
is
not.
But
vague,
ambiguous,
muddled, deceptive, or misleading thinking are significant problems in human life. If we are to
develop as thinkers, we must learn the art of clarifying thinking, of pinning it down, spelling it out,
and giving it a specific meaning. Here's what you can do to begin. When people explain things to
you, summarize in your own words what you think they said. When you cannot do this to their

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