toner什么意思某些名词的复数或加后缀s后的意义变化

2021年1月26日发(作者：收到)
名词的复数或加后缀
s
的意义变化


1.

由动词转化来的行为抽象名词常可以转化为可数名词被事件化或物化
.
而

成为可数名词，常用其复数。如
:
(1)

experience ---experiences



经验
---
经历

Generally speaking, the human race has the information and experience
to do this.
一般说来
,
人类有知识和经验作这件事
.
The interview went on well and I told the company my experiences.
面试进行顺利
,
我向公司讲述了我的经历
.
Our journey by camel was quite an experience.
我们骑骆驼的旅行真是一次了不起的经历
.
(2)

exercise---exercises



锻炼
---
练习
,
操练

They eat too much fat and sugar and don
’
t take enough exercise.
他们食用太多的糖和脂肪
,
而且锻炼不够
.
In competitions women perform some of their exercises to music.
在比赛中她们和着音乐完成一些动作
.
(3)

relation---relations


关系
---
交往活动

The relation between wages and prices is important.
物价与工资间的关系是重要的
.
Manners are important to happy relations among people.
人与人之见的交往活动中礼貌是重要的
.
(4)

congratulation---congratulations


祝贺
---
道喜

Don
’
t waste time on self-congratulation; there is still work to do.
不要浪费时间自我恭维
,
还有工作要做
.
―Hooray!‖
shouted
Class
3
―Well
done,
everyone!
Congratulations
,Lin
Tao!‖


―
乌拉
!‖
三班的同学们叫嚷道
, ―
好球
,同学们
!
林涛
,
祝贺你们
.‖

greetings, thanks, wishes, praises, regards, cheers, many happy returns,
等常用复数形式表示友好
,
问候
,
祝愿用语
.
(5)

explanation ---explanations


解释
---
解释
(
的语言
,
内容
)
What did he say in explanation of his lateness?
对他的迟到他作何解释
?
English lessons are broadcast every day on the radio with explanations in
English and other languages.
每天电台上播出的英语课程都有用英语或其它语言所作的讲解
.
(6)

instruction---instructions


教导
---
教导
(
的内容
)
He
’
s not trained, but still under instruction.
他还没有训练出来
,
继续受训
.
Follow your teacher
’
s instructions.
按你的老师的话去做
.
(7)

contribution--- contributions

贡献
---
贡献
(
的业绩
)
Payment is by contribution.
按贡献付给报酬
.
Before he died, he was honored in a number of ways for his contributions
to the film industry.
在他逝世之前
,
他由于在电影事业方面所作出的贡献获得多项荣誉
.
(8)

objection---objections


反对
----
反对
(
的言语
)
To the suggestion that he gave in to the treatment, however, Mr Edison
showed a strong objection.
然而
,
对他要接受治疗的建议
,
爱迪生表示出一种强烈的反对
.
You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
你胆子真大
,
敢再会上唱反调
.
preparation-preparations,


repair ---repairs,
等都有类似的变化用法
.
(9)

possession--- possessions


拥有
---
拥有
(
的财产
)
Does the possession of wealth bring happiness?
拥有财富会带来幸福吗
?
Kooris do not believe in owing possessions or land.
古利人不相信占有财产和土地那一套
.
savings, expenses, belongings, damages, funds, riches, stores, debts, goods,
costs,
supplies.
(
supply
---a
supply
of
nicotine,
enough
supply
of
electricity, Tom’s father cut off th
e supplies.)
( in support of somebody---prices supports
价外补贴
)
这些表示财产
,
金钱等的词语常如此
.
(10)

p
ain---pains

痛苦
---
努力


The boy was in pain after he broke his arm.
那个男孩折断了手臂
,
痛苦不堪
.
No pains, no gains.
没有努力就没有收获
.
(11)


effort
—
efforts


努力
---
努力








He is strong enough to lift the heavy box without effort.







他力气大不费力就提起了这个重箱子
.







His efforts were successful.







他的努力是成功的
.
(12)
attraction


un.

吸引力
,
吸引

cn
.
指吸引人的事物






The film has little attraction for young people.
这部电影对年轻人没有吸引力。







What are the chief attracti
ons of tonight’s performance?


今晚上演出的主要看点是什么？

2.

某些不可数名词的复数形式词义变化很大
.
如
:
(1)

value---values

价值
---
价值观

Instead
they
are
writing
once
more
about
things
that
are
common
for
everyone: feeling alone in the modern society, the values of having good
friends and so on.
而现在他们再一次写常人常事
---
现代社会的孤独感
,
交上好朋友的价值
,
等等
.