boat怎么读BBC生命第一集word中英字幕(绝对准确版)

2021年1月26日发(作者：nullable)
第一集：生命的挑战

我们的星球

Our planet may be home
大约是
3
千多万种动植物的家

to 30 million different kinds of animals and plants.
每个物种都会为生存而奋斗一生

Each individual
locked in
its own life-long
fight














for survival.
无论你将目光投向何方，陆地还是海洋

Everywhere you look
，
on land or in the














































ocean,there are extraordinary
总会看到为生存而战的壮观事例

examples of the lengths living things go to to stay





























alive.




















这里是弗罗里达海岸

This is the coast of Florida.
海床上奇怪的图案

Here strange scars on the sea bed

暗示着某种动物独特的战术

hint at one animal's remarkable strategy.
它们是宽吻海豚

These are bottlenose dolphins
地球上最聪明的动物之一

one of the most intelligent animals on Earth.
它们的猎物是迅速、灵巧的鱼

Their prey is very elusive
但是海豚们进化出了一种全新的捕猎技巧

But
the
dolphins
have
invented
a





completely new way of hunting.
通过用力向下拍尾巴，将淤泥搅动起来

By beating its tail down hard, this dolphin
stirs up the shallow slit

再通过绕圈游动

And by swimming in a tight circle
用浑浊的泥水将一大群鱼包围起来

it creates a ring of mushrooming mud around a
shoal of fish.
再像收网一样缩小包围圈

The contracting ring traps the fish just like a net.
由于恐慌，小鱼们四下乱跳

Panicked,the fish jump to escape.

海豚们张嘴以待，很多鱼落入口中

Right
into
the
open
mouths
of
the
waiting
dolphins.
通过默契的组织、协作

Again and again,the lead dolphin create a circle,
海豚们造出一个接一个的包围圈

before they all line up with perfect timing.
这群海豚是目前已知的唯一使用这种捕猎方式的，这也让它们处于领先地位

These dolphins are the only ones known to have developed this hunting behavior and
gives them an edge.
这种优势在这个适者生存的世界里

This sort of advantage may mean the difference
between life and death
也许就决定着生或死

in the survival of the fittest.
这
些
事
例
能
显
示出
动
植
物

This
series
reveals
the
most
spectacular
and
extraordinary
一些奇特而又壮观的生存策略

strategies that animals and plants have developed to
stay alive.
对任何物种来说

For every creature,every day is full of challenges,
必须克服，然后生存下来

all
of
which
must
be
overcome,
somehow,
in
order
to
survive.
肯尼亚

以大型猫科动物举世闻名

Kenya, famous for its big cats.
顶级猎手

The supreme hunters.
猎豹专靠速度捕猎

Cheetahs specialise in hunting at speed.
尽管很快，但因为自身力量不足

Though fast, they are fragile creatures,
它们天生只能捕捉小型猎物

built to sprint after small prey.
它们不具备像狮子那样的力量和体重

They don't
have the strength
or
weight
of a
lion
来扑倒大型猎物

to bring down larger animals.
这只公豹是不同的

This male is different.
并不单独捕猎，
它明白
“豹多力量大”
的道理

He doesn't hunt alone. He's learnt that
there is strength in numbers.
而且不只两头，而是三头

But here there are not just two, but three cheetahs.
兄弟连

A band of brothers.
它们改变战术

They have changed their tactics and, by doing so,
对猎物发动偷袭

have taken their prey by surprise.
它们学会了只要团结合作

They have learnt that working together
就能捕捉大的猎物

they can bring down large prey.
鸵鸟

An ostrich.
一种远比猎豹高大而且几乎比它们重两倍的鸟

A
bird
that
towers
over
a
cheetah
and is more than twice as heavy.
虽然逃跑时不能飞，
但拥有致命的
“弹腿一踢”

It can't fly to escape danger, but it
can lash out with a deadly kick.
一只雌鸵鸟没有留意到任何危险

A female, unaware as yet, of any danger.
即便三头豹子，
也要冒较高的风险

Even with three of them this is still highly risky.
如果有一头受伤，另两头是搞不定这么大的猎物的

If
one
gets
injured
the
other
two couldn't hope to tackle such large prey.
反之，
如果这笔买卖成了
,
回报是相当丰厚的


On the other hand, if they get it right,
the rewards are huge.
雄鸵鸟已经发现了一头豹子，只是一头

The male has spotted one of the brothers,
but only one.
它并没有怎么担心

It's not too worried.
忽然变成三头！

Then suddenly there are three!
雌鸵鸟意识到危险时，已经有点晚了

The female is slower to realise the danger
猎豹也改变了目标

and the cheetahs switch targets.
必须将三头豹子的力量全部联合起来才能制服这种大鸟

It
takes
the
combined
effort and weight of all three brothers to bring down this powerful bird.
即便此时，鸵鸟也会发出最后一击

Even now the ostrich could land a fatal kick.
现在，豹子们赢了

So far, the brothers are winning.
鸵鸟们则必须学会应付这种攻击策略

Ostriches have yet to find a way to foil such
tactics.
其它动物也进化出了类似的集体战术

Other
animals
have
also
evolved
surprising
tactics to outmanoeuvre
它们的对手，不但有惊人的力量，还有特殊的武器

the
enemy,
not
with
brutle
strengh but with extraordinary weapons.
马达加斯加

Madagascar.
一个捉摸不透的奇怪地方

A strange world where nothing is quite as it seems.
在这里捕猎需要诡秘和花招

To hunt here requires stealth and subterfuge.
在这些树林里生存的一定是伪装大师

And
living
within
the
trees
is
a
master
of
ambush.
螳螂

A preying mantis.
良好的伪装、轻巧的身手

Well camouflaged and lightning quick
这种昆虫是高效的猎手

these insects are highly efficient predators.
但即便它全副武装

But even they are outgunned.
变色龙

A chameleon.
它的伪装极其出色，因为它能够改变皮肤颜色与环境一致

Its
camouflage
is
exceptional because it can change its skin colour to match its surroundings.
它的两眼能独立转动，侦测猎物

Its eyes move independently to spot prey.
悄悄地向目标爬行，直到进入攻击范围

It creeps towards to its victim, until just in
range.
然后使出超级武器

Then it unleashes a super weapon.
它的舌头能以
15
米
/
秒的速度弹射而出

Its
tongue
shoots
out
at
15
metres
per
second.
击中目标同时能将其牢牢黏住

And not only hits, but grasps its target.
不过很少的猎手能做到百战百胜

But few hunters are always successful.
它们捕猎只为果腹

For them a hunt is just one meal.
但对被捕者而言就惨了

For prey, the stakes are higher.
非生即死

It's life...or death.
南极洲由春入夏时，那些一度冰封的海湾得以解冻

As
Antarctica
moves
from
spring into summer, the inlets and bays, once choked with ice, become free.
动物们开始觅食

And animals move in to feed.
南极食蟹海豹

These are crabeater seals.
它们并非真的吃螃蟹，而是捕食这片水域里以数十亿集群的小虾

They
don't
actually eat crabs, bur krill, small shrimps thar swarm in their billions in these waters.
这些海豹躺在大的浮冰上是比较安全的

Resting
on
a
large
ice
floe,
these
crabeaters are safe.
一旦下水，就得十分警惕

But
as
soon
as
they
enter
the
water,
they
are
on
their
guard,
事出有因

for good reason.
虎鲸（逆戟鲸）

Killer whales.
在南极许多虎鲸只吃鱼

Here in Antarctica, many killer whales prey only on fish.
但这一群不同，它们专猎食海豹

But these whales are different, they specialise in
hunting seals.
这只海豹下水后，没意识到危险正迎头袭来

This seal swimming to open water is
unaware of the danger heading his way.
直到现在

Until now.
这次真的麻烦了，无法逃脱

除非躲在这块小浮冰后面

He's in real trouble. There
is no escape unless he can hide behind this small piece of floating ice.
但它已经被发现，并被包围

But he's been spotted and surrounded.
就看够不够敏捷了

Now agility is his only chance.
拼命地闪躲，
不肯离开冰块半步

He dodges for his life, staying as close as he can to
the iceberg.
它已累坏了

He's tiring.
虎鲸们缩小包围圈，准备吃掉它

And
the
whales
tighten
the
circle,
going
for
the
kill.
但捕食者们并不是每次都能如愿

But hunters don't always get their own way.
最后，海豹的决心和技巧

In the end, the seal
’
s determination ans skill, using
利用冰块作掩护，保住了性命

the ice for protection, kept him just ouf of reach.
虎鲸们则继续远征

And the whales move on.
最近的观察得知

Recently it's been observed that killer whales
虎鲸们在捕食其它种类的海豹时成功率更高

are
much
more
successful
when
hunting other types of seal.
像这只食蟹海豹，备战太充分了

Crabeaters like this put up too much of a fight.
生活在开放水域的生物则没地方躲避

For creatures living in the open ocean there
is nowhere to hide from predators.
群体生活则相对安全

But there is safety in numbers.
有一种鱼进化出了独特的逃跑方法

One
fish,
however,
has
evolved
a
different
escape tatic.
完全离开水面
To leave the water completely, take to the air and fly.
经过一番努力的空中飞行

After a huge effort to get airborne, flying fish
飞鱼可以滑翔
200
米，来逃脱捕食者的追逐

can glide 200 metres or so, to escape
the predators chasing them.
并非所有生物都是
猎
手，有
些
食素

Not
all
animals
are
hunters,
many
are
vegetarians.
但即便是动植物之间，关系也会相当紧张

But
the
battle
between
animals
and
plants can also be intense.
Boa Vista, central Brazil.
这个山谷布满了奇形怪状的石头

This
valley
is
peppered
with
strangely
pitted
rocks.
这些并非自然形成的，而是动植物长期斗争的产物

These
are
not
natural
formations but the legacy of a long struggle between one animal and one plant.
棕毛僧猴，极度聪明的猴子
Brown-tufted capuchins, highly intelligent monkeys.
晚上它们在安全的洞里过夜

They spend their nights in the safety of caves
早晨则出来觅食

emerging each morning to find food.
特别喜欢下到山谷里

Down in the valley is a particular favourite.
椰果

A nut palm.
果实里种子很大很多

The
palms
produce
huge
seeds,
but
they
have
very
strong
shells.
防止饥饿的动物们取食

that protect them against attack from hungry animals.
对猴子来说这是一场消耗战

For the capuchins this is a war of attrition.
它
们
挑
出
成
熟
的
果
子

They
check
which
seed
is
the
ripest,
and
the
battle
commences.
第一步是撕开果子表面的粗纤维

The first job is to tear the tough fibrous husk from
the nut.
它并不是直接将果实掰开

He doesn't try to crack the nut straight away
而是将它放在地上

but drops it to the ground.
它知道一周后果实就会被太阳晒干

He's learnt that a nut should be given a week or
so drying in the sun.
这些是它先前准备好的

These are ones he prepared earlier.
敲打，看是否已经好了

He taps them to see if they're ready.
这个大石块就是它的工具

This huge flat rock is his anvil.
锤子

And this is a hammer.
这种石头比锤子还要坚硬

It's
made
of
a
different
and
much
harder
rock
than
the
anvil.
奇迹就要发生了

Now something extraordinary happens.
棕毛僧猴利用石块

The capuchins' use of these stone tools requires an
exceptional
level
需要极高的技巧、智商和计划

of intelligence, planning and dexterity.
果壳最终破裂，
露出含油丰富的种子

The nut finally cracks and exposes a rich, oily
kernel.
小猴子观察并模仿

Youngsters watch and imitate the adults, just as human toddlers
do.
如果它们想要自立

If they are to become independent
就得学会如何打开这些硬果

they must learn to crack their own nuts.
但是学习的过程相当漫长，充满沮丧

But the learning process is long, with mang
frustrations.
它们很早就知道想要成功

They learn early on that to do a job properly,
就得有合适的工具

you need the right tool.
一般要花上八年时间才能练成这精湛的技艺

It can take eight years for a capuchin
to master this art
攻破椰果坚不可摧的防线

and overcome the palm's formidable defences.
但有些植物反败为胜，
专吃动物

But some plants have turned the tables and feed on
animals.
这是一个极度精巧的陷阱

This is a highly sophisticated trap. The bait
盘子的周围布满了香甜的蜜汁

sugary nectar around the rim of the disc.
一旦碰到了这些小刺中的两根，就发动了机关

The
triggers,
fine
hairs,
two
of
which have to be touched within 20 seconds of each other.
一只苍蝇受不了这颜色和香味儿的诱惑

The
victim,
a
fly
which
finds
the
colour
and nectar irresistible.

一根

One.
两根

Two.
一旦触发，
笼子迅速合拢，
苍蝇无法逃脱

When triggered, the trap snaps shut so fast
that the fly is imprisoned.
维纳斯捕蝇草现在慢慢地消化食物

The
Venus
flytrap
now
slowly
digests
its
victim.
生存的挑战不仅仅在于觅食

Life's challenges are more than just finding food.
每种动物都会有繁育期

In
every
animal's
life
there
comes
a
time
when
its
mind
turns to breeding.
有种生物的表现令人惊异

One creature's approach is mind-boggling.
马来群岛

Malaysia.
这种奇怪的昆虫一直蛰伏在森林的地表

This strange insect has been lying dormant
on the forest floor.
一旦树上安全了，
这些雄虫就躲进树叶中，
开始奇特的变形

Once safe in the trees,
these males hide among the leaves and begin an extraordinary transformation.
有个特征显示出祖先和后代的差别

One
that
will
make
the
difference
between
fathering offspring or not.
它开始大口地空气进入头部

He begins by gulping in air bubbles, forcing them up
into his head.
然后把气泡挤到“眼棒”里去

He then pumps the bubbles into the stalks supporting
his eyes
就像吹气球一样

just like blowing up a balloon.
这也使它得到了这个名字：

And this is what earns these creatures their name
棒眼蝇

the stalk-eyed fly.
最后只需将褶皱稍稍抹平

A few final adjustments to straighten out any remaining
creases
它已经准备好了

and he's ready for action.
看起来好像有些笨重，
但这种
“棒眼”
不但可以更有利于发现天敌

They may look
unwieldy, but eyes on stalks improve not only his ability.
也是赢得异性青睐的关键

to
spot
predators,
but
they
are
key
when
it
comes
to
winning females.
夜间雌雄聚集，雄虫们开始逐对逐对比较眼睛的尺寸

In
the
evening
both
males
and females gather and the males begin to size one another up, eyeball to eyeball.
眼距最宽的得到最高的优先权

Having
the
widest
eye
span
puts
you
at
the
top
of
the pecking order.
棒眼不是武器，而是标尺

The eye stalks are not weapons, they
’
re measuring sticks,
衡量雄虫的强壮程度

used to gauge how big, and so how strong, a male is.
如果两只头号雄虫拥有同样的眼宽

But
there's
trouble
if
two
top
males
have
exactly the same eye width.
打架就不可避免

Then the contest descends into a brawl.
失败

Defeated.
胜者，
将有权和附近所有的雌性交配

The winner. He now has the right to mate with
all the females nearby.
像棒眼蝇这样绅士的举动并非争夺雌性的唯一方式

The
rather
gentlemanly
way
stalk-eyed flies settle their differences over females is not the only way.
许多动物更为暴力

Some animals are much more violent.
赞比亚的旱季

It's the dry season in Zambia.
河湾要么被烤干，要么过于泥泞而给动物们带来致命的危险

The
lagoons
are
either baked dry, or the mud is so thick animals get stuck, with fatal consequences.
这只公河马一直生活在此。到了旱季，这里便成了死亡地带

This male hippo has
been living in one small lagoon, but as it dries, it
’
s turning into a death trap.
不难理解，曾经与它同居的母河马们都离开了

Understandably,
the
females
that
once shared it with him have all left.
就算它想呆，也呆不长

Even if he wants to, he can
’
t stay much longer.
它需要水来降温，更需要母河马

He needs water to keep cool and females to mate
with.
它们都在这儿呢

And this is where they all are.
这个区域几乎所有的河马都到了
Luangwa
River
的这里

Almost
all
the
hippos
in
the area are in what is left of the Luangwa River
这里是唯一水还较深的地方

because it's the last place where there's still deep water.
这个河湾被一头强大的公河马占据

This
bend
is
controlled
by
an
all-powerful
male.
自干旱以来许多母河马纷纷投奔而来

Since
the
drought
many
more
females
have
joined his herd.
THEY BELLOW
它们一起其乐融融，
但公河马也来了

They are happy to live cheek by jowl, but any
male who comes here
想要得到母河马，必须打败这里的霸主

in the hope of mating must first defeat the
overlord.
外来者必须做出决定：战斗或屈服

The wandering male arrives and has a decision
to make - submit or fight.
霸主获胜了

Victory for the overlord.
它仍享有这个水域的控制权，以及与母河马的交配权

His
domination
of
his
channel in the river remains and with it mating rights with the females.
失败者虽然活着，但已经被遗弃

The loser is alive, but is an outcast.
它撤到河的另一处，
但那里太浅，
没有母河马会跟随

He retreats to another part of
the river where it's so shallow that no females will follow.
它传宗接代的愿望就此落空

His chance to father offspring is over for now.
对一些动物而言，
繁育的挑战不在于争斗，
而在于求爱技巧

For some animals the
challenges of breeding are not about fighting but about courtship.
对鸟类而言，
物品展示、
歌唱和舞蹈会达到极高的水平，
复杂而优美

Among birds,
displays, songs and rituals can reach extraordinary levels of complexity and beauty.
春季，俄勒冈州的淡水湖

During spring, on the freshwater lakes of Oregon.
鸊鷉们聚集在一起，重新找感情

grebes join together to renew their partnership.
仪式以一种优美的二重唱开始

The ceremony starts with a series of graceful duets
夫唱妻和

in which one partner echoes the actions of the other.
但真正的测试来了

But the real test comes now.
只有最强健和守信的

Only the strongest and the most faithful
才能一起跳最后的舞蹈

are prepared to join together for the final exultant dance.
这些有了后代的动物又面临全新的挑战

Those
animals
which
have
young
now
face a whole new set of challenges
保护和养育它们

to protect and nurture their offspring.
在北太平洋的冷水海域，
生活着一种巨兽

In the cold waters of the northern Pacific
Ocean, there lives a giant.
一种巨型章鱼，体长大四米

A giant Pacific octopus at over four metres long.
她在寻找，不为食物，而是巢穴

She is hunting, not for prey, but for a den.
一个隐蔽可安顿的地方

Somewhere to settle down and hide.
必须大小合适

Her den has to be just right.
她打算在此度过余生

She's going to live here for the rest of her life.