attitude是什么意思英语本科段自学考试英汉翻译教程Unit 8 Popular Science.doc

2021年1月26日发(作者：小样英文)
Unit 8 Popular Science
Lesson 22(E
—
C)
Oil(1)
By G
.. C. Thornley

There are three main groups of oil:animal, vegetable and mineral. Great quantities of animal
oil
come
from
whales,
those
enormous
creatures
of
the
sea
which
are
the
largest
remaining
animals in the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it
with a tick covering of fat called blubber. When the whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and
boiled down, either on board ship or on shore.
It produces a great quantity of oil which can be
made into food for human consumption. A few other creatures yield oil, but none so much as the
whale. The livers of the cod and the halibut, two kinds of fish, yield nourishing oil. Both cod liver
oil and halibut liver oil are given to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins.
These oils may be bought at any chemist
’
s.
Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. No household can get on without it, for it is
used in cooking. Perfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers. Socpa are made from
vegetable and animal oils.
To the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another. But when the politician
or
the
engineer
refers
to
oil,
he
almost
always
means
mineral
oil,
the
oil
that
drives
tanks,
aeroplanes
and
warships,
motor-cars
and
diesel
locomotivs,
the
oil
that
is
used
to
lubricate
all
kinds of machinery. This is the oil that is used to lubricate all knids of machinery. This is the oil
that has changed the life of the common man. When it is refined into petrol it is used to drive the
internal combustion engine. To it we owe the existence of the motor- car, which has replaced the
private
carriage
drawn
by
the
horse.
To
it
we
owe
the
possibility
of
flying.
It
has
changed
the
horse. To it we owe the possiblility of flying. It has changed the methods of warfare on land and
sea. This knid of oil comes out of the earth. Because it burns well, it is used as fuel and in some
ways it is superior to coal in this repect. Many big ships now burn oil instead of coal. Because it
burns brightly, it is used for illumination; countless homes are still illuminated with oil-burning
lamps. Because it is very slippery, it is used for lubrication. Two metal surfaces rubbing together
cause
friction
and
heat;
but if
they
are
separated
by
a
thin
film
of
oil,
the
friction
and
heat
are
reduced. No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated. The oil used for this
purpose must be of the correct thickness; if it is too thin it will not give sufficient lubrication, and
if it is too thick it will not reach all parts that must e lubricated.
(from English Through Reading)


参考译文：

G
.C.
索恩利


油可以 分为三大类：动物油、植物油、矿物油。大量的动物油是从鲸鱼身上得来的。
鲸鱼是海里的庞然大物，< br>是世界上现有动物中最大的一种。
大自然为了保护鲸鱼，
使它不不
致在北冰洋受 冻，便让它长了厚厚的一层脂肪，叫做鲸脂。鲸鱼杀死之后，
把鲸脂剥下来熬
油，这项工作有的 是在船上进行的，有的是在岸上进行的。这样，就能生产出大量的油，供
人们食用。
有些动物也 出油，但都没有鲸鱼出得多。鳕鱼和比目鱼，这两种鱼的肝脏出的油
营养丰富。从这两种鱼得来的鱼肝油 可以给缺少某种维生素的患儿或其他病人服用。

这两
种鱼肝油在任何一家药房里都可以买到。

植物油自古以来就为人们所熟 悉。任何家庭都离不开它，因为做饭的时候就要用它。
有些花儿产生的油可以用来制造香水。植物油和动 物油还可以用来制作肥皂。

对一般人来说，这种油或那种油可能都是重要的。但是当政治家或 工程师谈到油的时
候，他所指的几乎总是矿物油。这种油可以用来开坦克，开飞机，开军舰，开汽车，开 柴油
机车，
可以用来润滑各种机械。
就是这种油改变了普通人的生活。
这种油 经过提炼变成汽油
以后，
可以用来开动内燃机。就是因为有了这种油，我们才有可能飞行。它还 改变了陆战和
海战的方法。这种油来源于地下。因为它易于燃烧，可以用作燃料，而且在这方面比煤还有
若干优越之处。
现在许多大轮船就烧油而不烧煤。
因为它燃烧时非常明亮，
也 可以用来照明，
许多家庭现在仍靠没灯照明。因为它非常滑润，可以用作润滑剂。
两个金属面相 擦，就要产
生摩擦和热；但如果在它们之间抹上薄薄的一层油，就可以减少摩擦，
降低热度。< br>任何机械
如果不使用一定的润滑剂，
就不能持续工作。
润滑油的浓度必须适当，
太稀则起不到应有的
润滑作用，太稠则流不到所有需要润滑的零件。



Lesson 23(E
—
C)
The Other Road(1)
By Rachel Carson

We stand now where two roads diverge. But unlike the roads in Robert Frost
’
s familiar poem,
they
are
not
equally
fair.
The
road
we
have
long
been
traveling
is
deceptively
easy,
a
smooth
superhigh-way on which we progress with great speed, but at its end lies disaster. The other fork
of the road
—
the one
“
less traveled by
”—
offers our last, our only chance to reach a destination that
assures the preservation of our earth.
The choice, after all, is ours to make. If, having endured much, we have at last asserted our
“
right to know
”
, and if, knowing, we have concluded that we are being asked to take senseless and
frightening risks, then we should no longer accept the counsel of those who tell us we must fill our
world with poisonous chemicals; we should look about and see what other course is open to us.
A
truly
extraordinary
varity
of
alternatives
to
the
chemical
control
of
insects
is
available.
Some are already in use and have achieved brilliant success. Others are in the stage of laboratory
testing. Still others are little more than ideas in the minds of imaginative scientists, waiting for the
opportunity to put them to the test. All have this in common: they are biological solutions, based
on under standing of the living organisms they seek to control, and of the whole fabric of life to
which these orgainisms belong. Specialists representing various areas of the vast field of biology
are
contributing
—
entomologists,
pathologists,
geneticists,
physiologists,
biochemists,
ecologists
—
all pouring their knowledge and their creative inspirations into the formation of a new
science of biotic controls.
“
Any science may be likened to a river,
”
says a Johns Hopkins biologist, Professor Carl P.
Swanson.
“I
t has its obscure and unpretentious beginning;; its quiet stretches as well as its rapids;
its
periods
of
drought
as
well
as
of
fullness.
It
gathers
momentum
with
the
work
of
many
investinagators and as it is fed by other streams of thought; it is deepened and broadened by the
concepts and generalizaations that are gradually evolved.
”

So
it
is
with
the
science
of
biological
control
in
its
modern
sense.
In
america
it
had
its