essay是什么意思BBC-life生命中英文字幕全集-最完整版

2021年1月26日发(作者：seattle)
第一集：生命的挑战

我们的星球

Our planet may be home
大约是
3
千多万种动植物的家

to 30 million different kinds of animals and plants.
每个物种都会为生存而奋斗一生

Each individual locked in its own life-long fight for survival.
无论你将目光投向何方，陆地还是海洋

Everywhere you look
总会看到为生存而战的壮观事例

examples of the lengths living things go to to stay alive.
这里是弗罗里达海岸

This is the coast of Florida.
海床上奇怪的图案

Here
暗示着某种动物独特的战术

hint at one animal's remarkable strategy.
它们是宽吻海豚

These are bottlenose dolphins
地球上最聪明的动物之一

one of the most intelligent animals on Earth.
它们的猎物是迅速、灵巧的鱼

Their prey is very elusive
但是海豚们进化出了一种全新的捕猎技巧

But
the
dolphins
have
invented
a
completely
new
way of hunting.
通过用力向下拍尾巴，将淤泥搅动起来

By beating its tail down hard
再通过绕圈游动

And by swimming in a tight circle
用浑浊的泥水将一大群鱼包围起来

it
creates
a
ring
of
mushrooming
mud
around
a
shoal
of
fish.
再像收网一样缩小包围圈

The contracting ring traps the fish just like a net.
由于恐慌，小鱼们四下乱跳

Panicked
海豚们张嘴以待，很多鱼落入口中

Right into the open mouths of the waiting dolphins.
通过默契的组织、协作

Again and again
海豚们造出一个接一个的包围圈

before they all line up with perfect timing.
这群海豚

这种优势在这个适者生存的世界里

This
sort
of
advantage
may
mean
the
difference
between
life and death
也许就决定着生或死

in the survival of the fittest.
这些事例能显示出动植物

This series reveals the most spectacular and extraordinary
一些奇特而又壮观的生存策略

strategies that animals and plants have developed to stay alive.
对任何物种来说

必须克服，然后生存下来

all of which must be overcome
肯尼亚

顶级猎手

The supreme hunters.
猎豹专靠速度捕猎

Cheetahs specialise in hunting at speed.
尽管很快

它们天生只能捕捉小型猎物

built to sprint after small prey.
它们不具备像狮子那样的力量和体重

They don't have the strength or weight of a lion
来扑倒大型猎物

to bring down larger animals.
这只公豹是不同的

This male is different.
并不单独捕猎，它明白“豹多力量大”的道理

He doesn't hunt alone. He's learnt that there is
strength in numbers.
而且不只两头，而是三头

But here there are not just two
兄弟连

A band of brothers.
它们改变战术

They have changed their tactics and
对猎物发动偷袭

have taken their prey by surprise.
它们学会了只要团结合作

They have learnt that working together
就能捕捉大的猎物

they can bring down large prey.
鸵鸟

An ostrich.
一种远比猎豹高大而且几乎比它们重两倍的鸟

A bird that towers over a cheetah and is more
than twice as heavy.
虽然逃跑时不能飞，但拥有致命的“弹腿一踢”

It can't fly to escape danger
一只雌鸵鸟没有留意到任何危险

A female
即便三头豹子，也要冒较高的风险

Even with three of them this is still highly risky.
如果有一头受伤，另两头是搞不定这么大的猎物的

If one gets injured the other two couldn't
hope to tackle such large prey.
反之，如果这笔买卖成了

On the other hand
回报是相当丰厚的

are huge.
雄鸵鸟已经发现了一头豹子，只是一头

The male has spotted one of the brothers
它并没有怎么担心

It's not too worried.
忽然变成三头！

Then suddenly there are three!
雌鸵鸟意识到危险时，已经有点晚了

The female is slower to realise the danger
猎豹也改变了目标

and the cheetahs switch targets.
必须将三头豹子的力量全部联合起来才能制服这种大鸟

It
takes
the
combined
effort
and
weight of all three brothers to bring down this powerful bird.
即便此时，鸵鸟也会发出最后一击

Even now the ostrich could land a fatal kick.
现在，豹子们赢了

So far
鸵鸟们则必须学会应付这种攻击策略

Ostriches have yet to find a way to foil such tactics.
其它动物也进化出了类似的集体战术

Other
animals
have
also
evolved
surprising
tactics
to
outmanoeuvre
它们的对手，不但有惊人的力量，还有特殊的武器

the enemy
马达加斯加

Madagascar.
一个捉摸不透的奇怪地方

A strange world where nothing is quite as it seems.
在这里捕猎需要诡秘和花招

To hunt here requires stealth and subterfuge.
在这些树林里生存的一定是伪装大师

And living within the trees is a master of ambush.
螳螂

A preying mantis.
良好的伪装、轻巧的身手

Well camouflaged and lightning quick
这种昆虫是高效的猎手

these insects are highly efficient predators.
但即便它全副武装

But even they are outgunned.
变色龙

A chameleon.
它的伪装极其出色，因为它能够改变皮肤颜色与环境一致

Its
camouflage
is
exceptional
because it can change its skin colour to match its surroundings.
它的两眼能独立转动，侦测猎物

Its eyes move independently to spot prey.
悄悄地向目标爬行，直到进入攻击范围

It creeps towards to its victim
然后使出超级武器

Then it unleashes a super weapon.
它的舌头能以
15
米
/
秒的速度弹射而出

Its tongue shoots out at 15 metres per second.
击中目标同时能将其牢牢黏住

And not only hits
不过很少的猎手能做到百战百胜

But few hunters are always successful.
它们捕猎只为果腹

For them a hunt is just one meal.
但对被捕者而言就惨了

For prey
非生即死

It's life...or death.
南极洲由春入夏时，那些一度冰封的海湾得以解冻

As
Antarctica
moves
from
spring
into
summer
动物们开始觅食

And animals move in to feed.
南极食蟹海豹

These are crabeater seals.
它们并非真的吃螃蟹，
而是捕食这片水域里以数十亿集群的小虾

They don't actually eat crabs
这些海豹躺在大的浮冰上是比较安全的

Resting on a large ice floe
一旦下水，就得十分警惕

But as soon as they enter the water
事出有因

for good reason.
虎鲸（逆戟鲸）

Killer whales.
在南极许多虎鲸只吃鱼

Here in Antarctica
但这一群不同，它们专猎食海豹

But these whales are different
这只海豹下水后，没意识到危险正迎头袭来

This seal swimming to open water is unaware of
the danger heading his way.
直到现在

Until now.
这次真的麻烦了，无法逃脱

除非躲在这块小浮冰后面

He's in real trouble. There is no escape
unless he can hide behind this small piece of floating ice.
但它已经被发现，并被包围

But he's been spotted and surrounded.
就看够不够敏捷了

Now agility is his only chance.
拼命地闪躲，不肯离开冰块半步

He dodges for his life
它已累坏了

He's tiring.
虎鲸们缩小包围圈，准备吃掉它

And the whales tighten the circle
但捕食者们并不是每次都能如愿

But hunters don't always get their own way.
最后，海豹的决心和技巧

In the end
利用冰块作掩护，保住了性命

the ice for protection
虎鲸们则继续远征

And the whales move on.
最近的观察得知

Recently it's been observed that killer whales
虎鲸们在捕食其它种类的海豹时成功率更高

are
much
more
successful
when
hunting
other
types of seal.
像这只食蟹海豹，备战太充分了

Crabeaters like this put up too much of a fight.
生活在开放水域的生物则没地方躲避

For creatures living in the open ocean there is nowhere to
hide from predators.
群体生活则相对安全

But there is safety in numbers.
有一种鱼进化出了独特的逃跑方法

One fish
完全离开水面

经过一番努力的空中飞行

After a huge effort to get airborne
飞鱼可以滑翔
200
米，来逃脱捕食者的追逐

can glide 200 metres or so
并非所有生物都是猎手，有些食素

Not all animals are hunters
但即便是动植物之间，
关系也会相当紧张

But the battle between animals and plants can also be
intense.
Boa Vista
这个山谷布满了奇形怪状的石头

This valley is peppered with strangely pitted rocks.
这些并非自然形成的，而是动植物长期斗争的产物

These
are
not
natural
formations
but
the
legacy of a long struggle between one animal and one plant.
棕毛僧猴

晚上它们在安全的洞里过夜

They spend their nights in the safety of caves
早晨则出来觅食

emerging each morning to find food.
特别喜欢下到山谷里

Down in the valley is a particular favourite.
椰果

A nut palm.
果实里种子很大很多

防止饥饿的动物们取食

that protect them against attack from hungry animals.
对猴子来说这是一场消耗战

For the capuchins this is a war of attrition.
它们挑出成熟的果子

第一步是撕开果子表面的粗纤维

The first job is to tear the tough fibrous husk from the nut.
它并不是直接将果实掰开

He doesn't try to crack the nut straight away
而是将它放在地上

but drops it to the ground.
它知道一周后果实就会被太阳晒干

He's learnt that a nut should be given a week or so drying in
the sun.
这些是它先前准备好的

These are ones he prepared earlier.
敲打，看是否已经好了

He taps them to see if they're ready.
这个大石块就是它的工具

This huge flat rock is his anvil.
锤子

And this is a hammer.
这种石头比锤子还要坚硬

It's made of a different and much harder rock than the anvil.
奇迹就要发生了

Now something extraordinary happens.
棕毛僧猴利用石块

The capuchins' use of these stone tools requires an exceptional level
需要极高的技巧、智商和计划

of intelligence
果壳最终破裂，露出含油丰富的种子

The nut finally cracks and exposes a rich
小猴子观察并模仿

如果它们想要自立

If they are to become independent
就得学会如何打开这些硬果

they must learn to crack their own nuts.
但是学习的过程相当漫长，充满沮丧

But the learning process is long
它们很早就知道想要成功

They learn early on that to do a job properly
就得有合适的工具

you need the right tool.
一般要花上八年时间才能练成这精湛的技艺

It
can
take
eight
years
for
a
capuchin
to
master
this art
攻破椰果坚不可摧的防线

and overcome the palm's formidable defences.
但有些植物反败为胜，专吃动物

But some plants have turned the tables and feed on animals.
这是一个极度精巧的陷阱

This is a highly sophisticated trap. The bait
盘子的周围布满了香甜的蜜汁

sugary nectar around the rim of the disc.
一旦碰到了这些小刺中的两根，就发动了机关

The triggers
一只苍蝇受不了这颜色和香味儿的诱惑

The victim
一根

One.
两根

Two.
一旦触发，笼子迅速合拢，苍蝇无法逃脱

When triggered
维纳斯捕蝇草现在慢慢地消化食物

The Venus flytrap now slowly digests its victim.
生存的挑战不仅仅在于觅食

Life's challenges are more than just finding food.
每种动物都会有繁育期

In
every
animal's
life
there
comes
a
time
when
its
mind
turns
to
breeding.
有种生物的表现令人惊异

One creature's approach is mind-boggling.
马来群岛

Malaysia.
这种奇怪的昆虫一直蛰伏在森林的地表

This
strange
insect
has
been
lying
dormant
on
the
forest floor.
一旦树上安全了，这些雄虫就躲进树叶中，开始奇特的变形

Once safe in the trees
有个特征显示出祖先和后代的差别

One
that
will
make
the
difference
between
fathering
offspring or not.
它开始大口地空气进入头部

He begins by gulping in air bubbles
然后把气泡挤到“眼棒”里去

He then pumps the bubbles into the stalks supporting his eyes
就像吹气球一样

just like blowing up a balloon.
这也使它得到了这个名字：

And this is what earns these creatures their name
棒眼蝇

the stalk-eyed fly.
最后只需将褶皱稍稍抹平

A few final adjustments to straighten out any remaining creases
它已经准备好了

and he's ready for action.
看起来好像有些笨重，但这种“棒眼”不但可以更有利于发现天敌

They may look unwieldy
也是赢得异性青睐的关键

to spot predators
夜间雌雄聚集，雄虫们开始逐对逐对比较眼睛的尺寸

In the evening both males and females
gather and the males begin to size one another up
眼距最宽的得到最高的优先权

Having
the
widest
eye
span
puts
you
at
the
top of
the pecking
order.
棒眼不是武器，而是标尺

The eye stalks are not weapons
衡量雄虫的强壮程度

used to gauge how big
如果两只头号雄虫拥有同样的眼宽

But there's trouble if two top males have exactly the same
eye width.
打架就不可避免

Then the contest descends into a brawl.
失败

Defeated.
胜者，将有权和附近所有的雌性交配

The
winner.
He
now
has
the
right
to
mate
with
all
the
females nearby.
像棒眼蝇这样绅士的举动并非争夺雌性的唯一方式

The
rather
gentlemanly
way
stalk-eyed
flies settle their differences over females is not the only way.
许多动物更为暴力

Some animals are much more violent.
赞比亚的旱季

It's the dry season in Zambia.
河湾要么被烤干，要么过于泥泞而给动物们带来致命的危险

The lagoons are either baked dry
这只公河马一直生活在此。
到了旱季，
这里便成了死亡地带

This male hippo has been living in
one small lagoon
不难理解，曾经与它同居的母河马们都离开了

Understandably
就算它想呆，也呆不长

Even if he wants to
它需要水来降温，更需要母河马

He needs water to keep cool and females to mate with.
它们都在这儿呢

And this is where they all are.
这个区域几乎所有的河马都到了
Luangwa River
的这里

Almost all the hippos in the area are in
what is left of the Luangwa River
这里是唯一水还较深的地方

because it's the last place where there's still deep water.
这个河湾被一头强大的公河马占据

This bend is controlled by an all-powerful male.
自干旱以来许多母河马纷纷投奔而来

Since
the
drought
many
more
females
have
joined
his
herd.
THEY BELLOW
它们一起其乐融融，但公河马也来了

They are happy to live cheek by jowl
想要得到母河马，必须打败这里的霸主

in the hope of mating must first defeat the overlord.
外来者必须做出决定：战斗或屈服

The
wandering male
arrives
and
has
a
decision
to
make
-
submit or fight.
霸主获胜了

Victory for the overlord.
它仍享有这个水域的控制权，以及与母河马的交配权

His
domination
of
his
channel
in
the
river remains and with it mating rights with the females.
失败者虽然活着，但已经被遗弃

The loser is alive
它撤到河的另一处，但那里太浅，没有母河马会跟随

He
retreats
to
another
part
of
the
river
where it's so shallow that no females will follow.
它传宗接代的愿望就此落空

His chance to father offspring is over for now.
对一些动物而言，繁育的挑战不在于争斗，而在于求爱技巧

For some animals the challenges
of breeding are not about fighting but about courtship.
对鸟类而言，物品展示、歌唱和舞蹈会达到极高的水平，复杂而优美

Among birds
春季，俄勒冈州的淡水湖

During spring
鸊鷉们聚集在一起，重新找感情

grebes join together to renew their partnership.
仪式以一种优美的二重唱开始

The ceremony starts with a series of graceful duets
夫唱妻和

in which one partner echoes the actions of the other.
但真正的测试来了

But the real test comes now.
只有最强健和守信的

Only the strongest and the most faithful
才能一起跳最后的舞蹈

are prepared to join together for the final exultant dance.
这些有了后代的动物又面临全新的挑战

Those
animals
which
have
young
now
face
a
whole
new set of challenges
保护和养育它们

to protect and nurture their offspring.
在北太平洋的冷水海域，生活着一种巨兽

In the cold waters of the northern Pacific Ocean
一种巨型章鱼，体长大四米

A giant Pacific octopus at over four metres long.
她在寻找，不为食物，而是巢穴

She is hunting
一个隐蔽可安顿的地方

Somewhere to settle down and hide.
必须大小合适

Her den has to be just right.
她打算在此度过余生

She's going to live here for the rest of her life.
她携带着受精过的卵

She's carrying fertilised eggs
现在，她可以产卵了

and now
大概
10
万只

100
接下来六个月，她会细心呵护自己的亲骨肉

Over the next six months she carefully tends her
precious brood.
用她的触手爱抚它们

She caresses them with her arms
弄掉黏附的水藻，保证充足的供氧

to
keep
them
free
of
algae
and
properly
supplied
with
oxygen.
这是她第一也是唯一的后代

This is her first and only brood.
所以付出再多也不辞

And so she takes great care of them.
照料过程中她不会离开巢穴

While she's guarding her eggs she doesn't leave the den.
从不

Not once.
不能进食

Unable to feed
她在挨饿

she is starving.
她最后一丝力气，
也是鼓动水流，
帮助卵孵化

Her last act of devotion is to blow water over the
eggs to help them hatch.
幼小的、发育完全的章鱼破卵而出

Young
尽管只有少数能活到成年，但它们的妈妈给了它们最好的开始

Though
only
a
few
will
survive to adulthood
经过漫长而又孤独的守候

After her long and lonely vigil
她死掉了

she is dead.
无疑，
这种牺牲精神，
使得她成为自然界最有爱心的妈妈之一

Surely this sacrifice must make
her one of nature's most devoted mothers.
在哥斯达尼加森林之下，有另一个专注的母亲

Here
确保她的后代有个最好的起步

ensures that her young also have the best possible start in life.
这种小型的草莓色箭毒蛙，只有指甲般大小，正在守候产下的卵

This tiny strawberry poison
arrow frog
从卵发育到蝌蚪，她和伴侣

Whilst the eggs and tadpoles are developing
一直守候，确保它们不会被天敌吃掉

watch
但它们不可能一直守候

But they can't stay here for ever.
树叶快干掉了，蝌蚪需要水

The leaf litter is drying out and tadpoles need water.
她必须尽快处理

She must do something
必须转移它们。于是她鼓励一只蝌蚪爬到她背上

She needs to move them and so encourages
one tadpole to climb on her back.
开始了史诗般的旅程

She now begins an epic journey.
出乎你意料的是，她并不去水塘

But it's not to a pond
她有特殊的目标

she is looking for something very particular.
她穿过空地，
来到一棵大树的脚下，
然后开始攀爬

Her journey takes her across the forest floor
to the foot of a tall tree and then she starts to climb.
对一只蛙来说，这是一次马拉松式的攀爬

For such a little frog it is a marathon ascent
如同一位人类母亲驼着孩子爬上帝国大厦

like
a
human
mother
climbing
the
Empire
State
Building with a child on her back.
她在找一种长在树上的凤梨科植物

She's looking for a plant
它的中央有个盛水的小池子，完美的蝌蚪育儿所

It holds a pool of water at its centre
她放下孩子

In slides her youngster.
但这只是六个中的一个

But this is only one of six tadpoles.
她必须冲回去营救剩下的孩子

She must rush back down to rescue the others.
将它们一只一只地背到各自的小池子里

One
by
one
she
collects
them
and
carries
each
to
its
own bromeliad.
但还有个问题

But there is another problem.
小池中没有食物

The little pools contain no food.
她必须提供

So she has to provide it.
向每个小池里排一颗未受精的卵作为小蝌蚪的食物

She
lays
an
unfertilised
egg
in
each
pool
for her tadpoles to eat.
然后离开

And then she leaves.
但一颗卵不足以维持小蝌蚪多长时间

But one egg won't sustain a growing tadpole for long
所以她必须隔几天就回来排卵

so she has to return every few days with another egg.
接下来的两周，她几乎要爬行半英里来照看后代

Over
the
next
two
weeks
she
can
climb
almost half a mile tending her young.
这种小动物所创造的惊人奇迹

An astonishing feat for such a tiny creature.
就在她忙于产卵时

While she's busy delivering eggs
小蝌蚪长出了腿，尾巴消失了

the tadpole grows legs and its tail begins to disappear.
直到一天，永久地离开这个育儿所

And then one day it leaves its bromeliad nursery for ever
爬向森林深处

and climbs out into the forest.
蛙妈妈也可以好好休息一下了

Whilst its mother has a well-deserved rest.
鸟类也是勤劳的父母

Birds are also diligent parents.
它们毕生花费大量心血，
照料为数不多的后代

Over their lifetime they invest huge effort in just
a few young.
但只有极少的鸟能做到这样

But there is only so much a parent can do.
整个南极的颔带企鹅，雌鸟和雄鸟每天交替

All
along
the Antarctic
peninsula both
male
and
female chinstrap penguins have been commuting
去海洋里为后代搜集食物

daily from the open ocean to collect food for their chicks.
从远处带回满嘴的磷虾，然后反刍给幼鸟

Mouthfuls of krill
但有一天幼鸟们没等到食物

But one day the chicks wait in vain for food.
父母不见归来

Their parents do not return.
幼鸟们现在必须独自面对

The chicks now face life on their own.
这是动物一生中最难熬的时刻

This is the toughest time in an animal's life
有些没有撑过去

and some are not going to make it.
接下来的几天，在饥饿的驱使下，幼鸟们自己来到海边

Over the next few days
本能告诉它们，必须下海

Instinct tells them they have to head out to sea.
它们体内已经储存了一些用于御寒的脂肪

Built to withstand the cold
外层的羽毛像一层防水衣

a layer of fat
但它们必须要学会游泳

But they still have to learn to swim.
南极的海洋充满挑战

The polar sea is challenging enough
风的一点改变

but with a change in the wind
一块破冰阻塞了海湾

a slick of broken ice has choked the bay.
这块冰对任何企鹅来说都是麻烦

For any penguin this ice presents a real problem.
对小企鹅来说就是灾难

But for the chicks it's a disaster.
如果想吃到食物，就必须越过障碍到达空阔的水域

They
must
get
through
this barrier
to
the
open water
有一只，也许是受不了饥饿，也许是更为勇敢

One
在众鸟关注下带头试着从顶部划过去

leads the way and tries skittering over the top
冰面很难游过，过程缓慢而痛苦

The ice is hard to swim through
海豹

A leopard seal.
这只幼鸟从没学过如何避开海豹

This
chick
never
had
the
chance
to
learn
how
to
avoid
the
seal.
结局不言而喻

Its end is inevitable.
海豹熟练地将幼鸟扔出，每一次都撕下一块肉

The leopard seal efficiently flays the chick
余下的幼鸟也要冒险

Others take their chance.
现在海豹准备捕获下一个目标

But the leopard seal is now ready for its next victim.
只有最幸运的幼鸟能够到达开阔水域

It's a lottery
生活中总是有那么一点点被上天注定的机遇

There is still an element of chance in life which
an individual can do little about.
最终，战胜困难

In the end
找到足够的食物或者战胜天敌

whether finding enough to eat or outwitting your predators
是生命遇到挑战的唯一意义

is only significant if life's final challenge can be met.
从花费数周照顾蝌蚪的小箭毒蛙

From
a
tiny
frog
dedicating
weeks
to
her
few
cherished
tadpoles
到花费
8
年时间养育后代的大猩猩

eight years bringing up her baby
每个动物都为同一个目标奋斗

individual animals strive to reach this one ultimate goal
将自己的基因传递下去，
并保证后代的生存

to pass on their genes and to ensure the survival of
the next generation.
最终，在自然界

Ultimately
这就是生命的意义

that is what life is all about.

在拍摄《生命》的三年间

我们摄制组

During the three years it took to film Life
探访了地球五大洲

但最刺激的还是南极洲

visited every continent on Earth
在这里拍摄唯一可能

Here filming was only possible
得到的帮助来自一批特殊的人和组织

with
the
help
of
an
extraordinary
range
of
people
and
organisations.
空军将供给运送到麦克默多研究站

An Air Force jet delivering supplies to McMurdo research
station
将我们的一组人员空运到罗斯冰架

ferried one of our crews to the Ross Ice Shelf.
在大陆的另一面

一队人马航行了五天

And on the other side of the continent a team sailed for
five days
跨越德雷克海峡抵达了南极半岛

across the Drake Passage to reach the Antarctic peninsular.
一小队人曾经登陆奇幻岛

Once there
露宿了一个月

与群居的企鹅为伴

to spend a month camping on the edge of a penguin colony.
两个人与
20
万只企鹅

Two people and 200
另一组人加入了钻冰的科学家行列

Another team joined scientists drilling through the ice
探索下面美丽多姿的世界

to explore the beautiful and bizarre world below.
然而最顽强最具野心的拍摄涉及了四个摄制组

But
the
hardiest
and
most
ambitious
shoot
involved four film crews
一名著名的法国帆船运动员以及国防部

a
celebrated
French
yachtsman
and
the
Ministry
of
Defence.
摄制组有两个月的最佳时间

The teams had a two-month window
来拍摄南极洲两种顶级食肉动物的活动

to film Antarctica's two top predators in action.
我们知道

可以发现一种徘徊在奇幻岛岸边

We
knew
that
one
could
be
found
prowling
the
coast of
等待着年幼的企鹅首次入水

Rosenthal Island
带领我们的是杰罗姆
.
庞塞特

And the man to take us there was Jerome Poncet.
他是首次扬帆南极圈以南的快艇的船长

，过去
35
年里每年都要回去一次

He
skippered
the
first yacht to sail south of the Antarctic Circle and has been back every year for the past 35.
他对南极航行的了解

无人可与比肩

He knows Antarctic sailing like no-one else.
他的快艇

金羊毛号

不是破冰船

His yacht
然而杰罗姆却又其独特的穿越方式

but Jerome has his own unique way of getting through.
他调动一块浮冰来撞击另一块浮冰

He shunts one floe against another
来清除通道

犹如玩弹珠游戏一般

to clear a way through like playing marbles.
杰罗姆

一旦神情严肃起来

Jerome
就不会继续前行了

into a situation he doesn't like to let it go.
所以我们就会在这里呆上几个小时

So
杰罗姆坚决要穿越这条通道

Jerome is determined to get through this channel.
我们要对付的有数百吨

We talk about hundred
或许上千

数万吨

maybe 1
这一汪水

你必须将它推开

It's a pooling of water
有些冰块是在是大

Some marbles are just too big.
眼下杰罗姆遭受了挫折，不得不停泊过夜

For now
对他来说，停泊在
10
万吨冰里

For him
只是很平常的事情

is just another day at the office.
前行缓慢，但是他们必须在企鹅离开前抵达罗森塔尔

Progress is slow
他们要通过

而企鹅依然还在

They make it through and the penguins are still there.
颊带企鹅幼崽在每年特定的时段里羽毛丰满

Chinstrap
penguin
chicks
fledge
at
a
particular
time of year.
摄制组知道这就像磁铁一般吸引着豹斑海豹

The crew knew this would draw leopard seals like
a magnet.
豹斑海豹是海豹中的巨人，它们的牙齿尺寸超过狮子

Leopard
seals
are
giants
among
their
kind
而且嘴能够打开接近
180
度

bigger than a lion and a mouth that can open nearly 180 degrees.
道格可以靠得多近呢？

How close can Doug get?
与这只海豹

亲密接触

With this seal
它对自己的镜像失去了兴趣

He loses interest in his reflection
回头吃企鹅去了

and goes back to eating penguins.
太令人兴奋了

That was very exciting.
它是一只了不起的海豹

He was a super seal
了不起的海豹

给了我好多近距离的极佳活动

super seal
但是我必须承认你得同情那只企鹅

but I must admit you do have to feel sorry for the penguin
实在是倒霉

just doesn't stand a chance.
摄制组知道找到豹斑海豹的地方

The team knew where to find leopard seals
然而发现其它顶级食肉动物

but finding the other top predator
完全是另一码事情

was going to be another matter entirely.
对于南极虎鲸了解甚少

Very little is known about Antarctic killer whales.
只得召唤援兵了

Time to bring in reinforcements.
坚韧号

HMS Endurance
皇家海军冰上巡逻舰

the Royal Navy's ice patrol ship.
她勘察南极水域

观察每年的变化

She surveys Antarctic waters and the crew see changes every
year.
这个区域的最新海图

我们现在深入冰架
6
英里

The latest chart of this area
这证明了这里的冰架在过去五

六年里已经退缩了多少

how
much
retreation
of
this
ice
shelf
has occurred over the past five or six years.
你的难题是
... Would you get complications...?
剧集制作人玛莎
.
霍姆斯和摄影师大卫
.
贝利

Series
producer
Martha
Holmes
and
cameraman
David Baillie
登机希望在空中发现并拍摄到虎鲸

were on board to find and film
the killer
whales from the
air.
坚韧号携带有两架山猫直升机

Endurance carries two Lynx helicopters used to assist
用来帮助英国南极勘察及水文调查局

the
British
Antarctic
Survey
and
the
Hydrographic
Office.
在这次旅行中

On this trip
有时一架直升机就交给了生活摄制组了

some time on one of the helicopters is assigned to the
Life team.
之前没人在南极半岛拍摄到虎鲸捕食

No-one
has
succeeded
in
filming
killer
whales
hunting
off the Antarctic peninsular before.
我们两个摄制组在一起拍摄就只有几天时间

Our
two
teams
have
just
a
few
days
when
they
can film together.
在金羊毛号的水面传来了激动的消息

At water level the Golden Fleece has exciting news.
他们发现了虎鲸

样子好像是在捕食

They've
found
killer
whales
which
look
as
though
they
could be hunting.
海军
435
海军
435
这里是金羊毛

金羊毛

结束

And Navy 435
（电台里的模糊声）

INDISTINCT VOICE ON RADIO
再说一遍

我们在接近中

'Copy that. We're on our way.'
伙计

风好大

我们
... Guys
真幸运与它们一路同行

尽管我们很费劲

pretty
lucky
to
stay
with
them
through
this.
But
we
can try though.
435
这里是金羊毛

我们已经看不到虎鲸了

435
白颜色的


对

它们现在与冰山在一条直线上

The white.'Yeah
在我们与冰山之间

我们这一侧约
100
米处

'between us and the iceberg about 100 metres this
side of it.'
看见了

看见了

'Visual. Yeah
从空中

直升机摄制组跟踪虎鲸比船上那组要容易得多

From the air
435
这里是金羊毛

请重复

结束

435
依靠直升机和快艇的共同努力


能够在波涛汹涌中保持对虎鲸的跟踪

By
working
together
the helicopter and yacht are able to keep track of the whales in the rough sea.
有四只

对

四只

我看到了四只

'There's four now actually yes
天气终于给了拍摄一次机会

A change in the weather gives a chance to film at last.
它们已经走到前头了

如果我们没跟丢的话

They've gone further up this way
然而它们会捕食吗？

But will they hunt?
不错

它们过来了

OK
噢耶

它们

1
，
2
道格已经认出碎冰附近有只食虾海豹，然而虎鲸有没有看到它呢？

Doug
has
spotted
a
crabeater seal near some ice
不

保持镜头

No
它们发现了

They have.
不错的动作

Some good action.
你还能更近些吗？

Can you go closer?
没戏了，它们已经抓住它了

It's over
还在那里

It's still there.
对于野生动物摄影师来说

总是惊喜不断

For a wildlife cameraman there are always surprises.
花了两个月

然而他们的成功多亏了

It has taken two months
从整个船公司到一个孤独的船长的通力合作

collaboration from an entire ship's company to a
lone skipper.
这样的合作将是整整三年间世界各地拍摄的基础

Collaborations
like
this
would
be
the
foundation of the whole three years of filming across the world.
第二集：爬行与两栖动物

印度尼西亚，科莫多岛

The island of Komodo in Indonesia.
偏远而贫瘠

Remote and barren.
极少有人居住

Few people live here.
被一种巨型爬行动物统治着

It's ruled by a giant reptile.
它看起来像是恐龙时代的幸存者

It looks like a survivor from the age of the dinosaurs.
科莫多龙

（科莫多巨蜥）

The Komodo dragon.
体长九英尺

9 feet long.
顶级食肉动物

A top predator.
只有一样东西能挑战它的统治地位

Only one thing can challenge a dragon's dominance.
另一条龙

Another dragon.
在繁殖季节，公龙们陷入了野蛮的战斗

In the breeding season
巨大的利爪和
60
颗锯齿状的牙，
可以带来毁灭性的伤害

Huge claws and 60 serrated teeth can
inflict terrible damage.
科莫多龙是目前统治陆地的唯一爬虫类

The Komodo dragon is the only reptile that still rules
the land...
就像当初恐龙称霸陆地一样

as the dinosaurs once did.
它能统治这里，是因为没有竞争对手

It can dominate here because it has no competition.
但世界上其它地方的爬虫和两栖动物

But for the rest of the world's reptiles and amphibians
生存意味着艰苦的斗争

survival is a much tougher struggle.
如科莫多龙，爬虫和两栖动物看起来很原始

Like the dragon
更适应远古的时代

better suited to an earlier age.
但它们仍旧有令人吃惊的生存技巧

Yet
they
have
a
surprising
repertoire
of
extraordinary
strategies.
以致能在地球的许多地方兴旺发达

And they still thrive in many parts of the planet.
这是一个讲述它们如何做到的故事

This is the story of how they do so.
南美洲，巴西与委内瑞拉交界处的原始丛林

South America
陡峭的山峰绝壁从森林里隆起

Sheer- sided mountains rise up from the jungle.
地球上没几个地方比这儿更潮湿

Few places on Earth are wetter.
这里是一些远古而又奇异的两栖动物的家

It's
the
home
of
some
ancient
and
very
peculiar
amphibians.
瀑布蟾蜍，体长一英寸，一枚邮票大小

The waterfall toad is just an inch long
特殊的手掌能让它安全地爬到树顶

Its special gripping hands enable it to clamber safely
但在高处并不孤单

But it's not alone up here.
大多数的蟾蜍和蛙靠跳跃脱离危险

Most
frogs
and
toads
avoid
predators
by
hopping
out
of
danger.
但这种蟾蜍没能演化出哪怕跳出一英寸远的能力

But this toad never evolved the ability to hop
for more than an inch
而且那也远远不够啊

and that's nowhere near enough.
一条路是被吃掉

One way it gets eaten.
另一条路是虚无的空气

The other way is thin air.
没多少选择

Not much of a choice.
但这并非自杀

But this isn't suicide.
而是成熟的策略

It's a deliberate strategy
依靠那奇特的手掌

and one that depends on the size and strength
所具备的尺寸和力量

of those extraordinary hands.
这种自由落体是非常有效的逃命手段

Free-falling like this is a very effective way of escaping.
然而，这座山里有另一种蟾蜍将这一战术演绎得更为精彩

However
它生活在与下面世界隔绝的

It lives a mile above the forest
高出森林一英里的高原上

cut off from the world below.
这是卵石蟾蜍

This is a pebble toad.
也只有一英寸大小

It too is only an inch long.
这些岩石对蟾蜍来说看起来就像天堂

These rocks may seem a paradise for a toad.
这儿比下面的森林更加潮湿，
而且没有蛇

It's even wetter than the forest below and there are no
snakes.
但这里也有捕食者

But there is a hunter here.
食蟾蜘蛛

A toad-eating tarantula.
它伏击猎物

It ambushes its prey.
跟瀑布蟾蜍一样，卵石蟾蜍也不会跳

Like the waterfall toad
但它有不同的防守

But it has a different defence.
它绷紧全身肌肉，将自己缩成一团，好似橡胶球

It tenses its muscles
由于体型小、体重轻

It's so tiny and weighs so little
这种撞击根本不会伤害到它

that bouncing doesn't hurt it at all.
像这样奇异的战术就是

Bizarre innovations like these are one of the reasons why
爬虫和两栖类仍旧如此成功适应的原因

amphibians and reptiles are still so successful.
它们中的一些

Some of them
几千万年以来几乎没变过

have hardly changed for tens of millions of years.
巴西的
Pantanal. Brazil's Pantanal.
超过
5
万平方英里的沼泽

Over 50
在旱季，水位降低后形成一些独立的小湖

In the dry season
它们容纳着地球上数量最大的鳄鱼群

and
then
they
contain
the
greatest
concentration
of
crocodiles on Earth.
凯门鳄

These caiman crocodiles
很快就陷入了缺少食物的境地

are trapped and fast running out of food.
距离雨季和河水的到来很长一段时间

It
will
be
a
long
time
before
the
rains
return
and
the
rivers rise
随水而来的还有它们的猎物：鱼

bringing with them the caiman's prey...fish.
作为冷血动物，它们可以几个月不进食

Being
cold
blooded
they
can
go
without
food
for
months
除非吵架，它们尽量保持低调

and stay inactive except when they squabble.
最终雨来了，河水泛滥

At last
所有鳄鱼都擅长节省力气

All reptiles are experts at saving energy.
凯门鳄只是并排着，等待鱼往它们嘴里钻

The caiman simply line up and wait for the fish to
come to them.
爬虫和两栖类在活动之前

Reptiles and amphibians must warm their bodies
必须先让身体暖和起来

before they can become active and until then
否则行动迟缓，非常脆弱

they are slow-moving and vulnerable.
获得热量的最快办法就是晒太阳

The quickest way to gain heat is to bask in the sun
就像这只中美洲怪蜥

as this basilisk lizard from Central America is doing.
问题是这样暴露自己

The trouble is that exposing yourself
难免会被发现

inevitably makes you easily seen.
但是像这样明目张胆地趴在河面上

But a conspicuous perch over a river like this
看起来可不太明智

seems to be making yourself unnecessarily prominent.
这只蜥蜴的威胁来自天空

This basilisk's greatest threat comes from the sky.
空中的阴影让它恐慌

Dark shapes overhead make it nervous.
猎食的鸟预料它也许会逃进树林里

A hunting bird might expect it to flee to the trees.
但事实恰好相反

In fact
水上疾走只需短短数秒

This skitter across the surface of the water earns it precious seconds
因此得一名号：耶稣蜥蜴（能行走于水上）

and the nickname
由于力量够强、步频够快

It drives its feet down so hard and so fast
它在水面下沉往往不到几英寸

that it never sinks deeper than a few inches.
人要做到这样，< br>必须跑出
65
英里的时速
（
104
公里
/
时 ）

A human would need to run at 65mph
to do this.
爬虫类显然都是逃跑专家

Reptiles are certainly expert at avoiding trouble
它们也非常擅长，
在看起来不怎么适合它们

but they are also very good at finding a way to live
in places
的地方找到生存之道

that don't seem to suit them at all.
它们包括，
曾在地球上横行的最大的动物

They once included the largest animals that have ever
walked the Earth...
恐龙

the dinosaurs.
有些却比雷克斯猫
(
一种鬈毛家猫

比一些昆虫还小

Smaller indeed
这种巴西小壁虎可以稳稳地坐在指尖上

The Brazilian pygmy gecko could sit comfortably on a
finger tip.
没哪种爬虫比它还要小了

It's so exceptionally small that no other reptiles compete with it.
但是它相当敏捷

But it's so nimble
能够逃脱灌木丛里的猎食者

it can escape from the hunting monsters of the undergrowth.
太小也会有特殊的麻烦，比如说：雨

It is so small that it has special problems with
一滴雨就能淹掉它

It could drown in a drop
但它的皮肤是不沾水的

but its skin is hydrophobic.
雨淋湿不了它

Rain cannot wet it.
如果跌进水坑里

A tumble into a puddle
你可能会觉得它有溺死的危险

would risk death by drowning.
但小壁虎压根儿就不会下沉

But the gecko is unsinkable.
太轻，皮肤又非常油

It's so light and its skin sowater-repellent
它能够稳稳地趴在水上

that it canliterally stand on water.
如此小的体型自然让人印象深刻

Such miniaturisation is certainly very impressive
但是爬虫的身体会发生更为戏剧性的变化

but the reptile body can be transformed even more
dramatically.
在马达加斯加

One of the most bizarre of allreptiles
最为奇特的爬虫正在捕食昆虫

hunts insects herein Madagascar.
螳螂拥有
360
度的视野

The praying mantis has 360 degree vision
但还是没看到危险已经来临

but it hasn't seen the danger thatisnow approaching.
变色龙

A panther chameleon.
身体的每一部分

Every part of its body
都演化得高度适应这种隐秘的丛林生活

has become specialised for a life of stealth among the
branches.
脚趾如钳子般有力

Its toes have become grasping pincers.
两眼独立转动，所以能看到各个方向

Its eyes rotate so it can look in all directions.
皮肤能通过变色来伪装，或者表达情感

Its skin can change colour for camouflage or to signal
emotions.
变色龙能在天敌和猎物面前隐身

The
chameleon
body
is
concealed
from
both
predator
and
prey
因此能发起突袭

so it can launch a surprise attack.
它的舌头就像制导导弹

The tongue is a like a missile
瞄准猎物直接摧毁其防线

aimed at its prey's head to neutralise its defences.
简言之，变色龙

Chameleons
完美适应了丛林捕猎生活

to a life spent hunting in trees
很难想像它们在其它地方该如何生存

that
it's
hard
to
imagine
how
they
could
live
anywhere
else.
纳米布沙漠

The Namib Desert.
连绵数百英里没有树木

There are no trees for hundreds of miles.
但这些确实是蜥蜴的脚印

Yet these are
这只雌性蜥蜴正在寻找配偶

This female Namaqua chameleon is searching for a mate.
看起来它身体的每一部分都不适应这里的环境

No
part
ofher
body
seems
suited
tosuch
an
environment.
它的脚，能够帮助它紧紧抓住树枝

Her feet
但在松软的沙地上似乎没什么用处

shouldsurely be useless on soft sand.
但它能摊开脚掌，就像滑雪板

But she's able to spread them like snow shoes.
沙漠还很凉，
但它的身体需要尽快热起来以便活动

She needs to get warm and active while the
desert is still cool
因此它独特的皮肤起发挥了作用

so she exploits the chameleon's versatile skin.
朝阳的那一面颜色变深，以便吸收阳光的热量

The side facing the sun goes dark to absorb the
sun's heat
背光一面仍旧是浅色

while the other remains light
极少热量能从它的身体流失

and minimises the heat escaping from her body.
它很饥饿，食物稀少

She's hungry and food is scarce.
但它动作还是不够快，抓不到这些甲虫

But
she's
still
not
quick
enough
to
grab
these
desert
beetles.
它的策略很简单

Her solution is simple.
找到一丛草

She finds
等待着寻找树荫乘凉的甲虫送上门来

and waits for ashade- seeking beetle to come to her.
然后，它继续上路寻找男友

On she goes
最终，一位浪子出现了

At last
但他也许并不会如她所愿地对她

But he may not treat her as she might wish.
大部分蜥蜴的求爱期都很短

The courtship of most chameleons is gentle.
在这片沙漠里

But in this desert
雌雄相遇机会难得，他不敢轻易拒绝

a
male
meets
a
female
so
rarely
he
can't
risk
being
rejected.
她继续前进，现在已经怀上了下一代

She marcheson
六个月的冰冻

A six-month freeze
气温会跌至零下
40
摄氏度

when temperatures may drop to minus 40 degrees centigrade
对爬虫来说绝无生存之可能

should surelymake things impossible for a reptile.
但在加拿大，融雪下面，有东西蠢蠢欲动

But here in Canada
一条雄性红色束带蛇

A male red-sided garter snake.
通过地下冬眠度过严寒

He survived the winter by hibernating underground
那里气温从没有低过零下

where the temperature never dropped below zero.
微弱的阳光让更多的雄蛇现身

The weak sun persuades more males to emerge.
虽然身体还是冷的，移动缓慢，但它们仍然争先恐后

They are cold and can't move fast
最先热身的的雄蛇将会在第一条雌蛇出现时

The first males to warm up will have a head start
占得先机

when the first females appear.
融化的雪水是它们六个月来喝下的第一口

Melt
water
provides
the
first
drink
they've
had
for
six months.
最后，一条雌蛇出现了

At last
身体最热的雄性，
将会对她的气味最先做出反应

The warmest males will inevitably be the first
to react to her smell.
她只会交配一次，所以他们之间的竞争很紧张

She will only mate once
这条蛇睡过头了

This male has overslept.
还需要好几个小时来热身

He will need hours to warm up.
此时，他没有交配的机会

At the moment he stands no chance of mating.
大部分的雄蛇准备好追求异性，但是，很奇怪

Most
of
the
other
males
are
ready
to
chase
females but
有一些弃权了，奔向那条冰冷的雄性

some leave the race and go to join the cold male.
将自己暖和的身体滑过他冰冷的身体

They slide their warm bodies over him
就如同他们正在和雌性亲热

just as they would if they were courting a female.
越来越多的雄性朝他涌来，为何？

More and more males crowd round him. Why?
它们的热成像图显示了所发生的故事

Their relative temperatures show what's going on.
他冰冷的身体，呈蓝色

His cool body
通过吸收周围雄性的热量，迅速热起来了

is quickly warming as it absorbs heat from the other
males.
原来他是个骗子，通过散发出一种雌蛇的气味

He's a trickster
诱骗其他雄性来与他交配

just like a female's and they are trying to mate with him.
他只需几分钟，
就能从对手们那里骗来的足够热量

He only needs a few minutes of this to steal
enough heat from his rivals
完成热身，参与竞争

to catch up and join the chase.
每个春天，上万条红色束带蛇

Every spring
上演一场交配大战

fight it out in this mating frenzy.
成了世界上数量最多的爬虫聚会

It is
寻找配偶只是爬虫们繁育后代

Getting a mate is just the first challenge a reptile faces
所遇到的第一个挑战

whenit's ready to breed.
这只马达加斯加鬣鳞蜥

This collared iguana in Madagascar
今年只会产一窝卵

will only lay one batch of eggs thisyear
所以需要一个安全的地方隐藏起来

so she needs somewhere safeto hide them.
它的卵很受捕食者欢迎

Her eggs are much sought after by predators
是包装精美的套餐

they'reexcellent pre-packaged meals.
看来她有了办法

She appears to have the answer.
她擦掉了埋藏地点附近的所有足迹

She covers all traces of where she buried them.
这是个不错的计策

It's a good strategy.
但还不够

But not good enough.
猪鼻蛇学会了盯梢鬣鳞蜥的产卵地点

Hog- nosed snakes have learned to keep watch on iguana
nesting sites
然后在埋藏地点做记号

and to note the precise place where the eggs lie buried.
她被彻底的打败了

She has been completely outwitted.
只能眼睁睁的看着宝贝们被吃掉

She
can
only
stand
by
and
watch
as
her
precious
eggs
are
eaten.
下一年她必须找一个

Next yearshe'll have to find a nesting site
没有猪鼻蛇的产卵地点

without a hog-nosed snake.
在世界另一边，亚利桑那沙漠

On the other side of the world
相似的剧本却有不同的结局

a similar drama has a very different outcome.
一只雌性角蜥守护着埋下的蛋

A female horned lizard guards herburied eggs
严防一切会对它们

and is keeping a lookout for anything
造成干扰的因素

that mightinterfere with them.
一条西部斑鼻蛇

A western patch-nosed snake.
专门吃蛋

It is an egg-eater.
她不会容忍

And she won't stand for it.
这条蛇还不是她的对手

The patch-nose is no match for this kind of aggression.
她的蛋蛋们暂时安全了

Her eggs are safe
另一猎食者，鞭蛇

Another predator
这种蛇专吃蜥蜴

And this species is a lizard eater.
她知道实力差距

And she can tell the difference.
这种蛇很快，她来不急逃走

The snake is too fast for herto outrun it.
所以她把自己变得看起来更为高大

So she makesherself look larger and taller.
鞭蛇不敢轻易吞下

The snakeis wary of swallowing anything
像这个看起来又大、又多刺的东西

thatlooks as big and as spiky as this.
现在，蜥蜴亮出王牌

And now the lizard plays her trump card.
鞭蛇还不习惯于捕食这样的猎物

The snake isn't accustomed to prey that does this.
一条被搞懵了的蛇

One very confused snake.
现在她可以回去继续守卫

Now she can return to guard duty
几个月后，她便迎来了第一个宝贝

and several months later she's rewarded with her first baby.
照看自己所下的蛋，对于离开陆地

Looking
after
your
eggs
is
an
even
greater
challenge
for
reptiles
去到海洋生活的爬虫来说是个更大的挑战

thathave left land to live in the sea.
太平洋上的纽埃岛是世界上

The Pacific island of Niue is home to the world's entire population
一种特殊金环海蛇的家

ofone particular type of sea krait.
这种蛇习惯了水下生活

This snake is superbly adapted to life underwater
除非到了繁殖季节

except when it's time to breed.
在几分钟的交配过后，雌蛇已经受精了

After a few minutes in a mating coil
现在，她面临一个问题

But now she has a problem.
爬行动物的卵在水下无法存活

Reptile eggs can't survive underwater
发育中的后代会溺死

the developing young would drown.
它们必须呼吸空气

They have to be able to breathe air.
如果返回陆地，她和她的宝贝蛋蛋们

She and her eggs are both vulnerable to predators
都容易受到天敌攻击

if they return to land.
但她有特别的解决办法

But she hasan extraordinary solution.
她潜入岛下

She dives beneath the island.
找到一条长长的水下通道

To find the entrance to a long underwater tunnel.
通道尽头是一个有空气的洞穴

At the far end is a cave with an air pocket.
这就是蛋蛋们需要的地方

This is the dry land her eggs need.
这里没有天敌

There are no predators here.
这个洞穴下面是水，上面封顶

The cavern is sealed by a roof above and the water below.
她找到一个裂缝，将蛋产下

She searches for a crevice where she can deposit her eggs.
在这里，蛋蛋们绝对安全

The eggs will be completely safe here
她也可以返回大海了

and she can return to the open sea.
六个月后，小蛇会吸入第一口空气

Six months later
然而，小蛇们必须自己找到入水的路

Somehow
沿着通道，到达大海

Then down the tunnel and out to sea.
一只雄性大牛蛙

A male giant bullfrog.
爬虫和两栖动物极少照顾已经孵化的幼仔

Reptiles and amphibians rarely care for their young
after theyhatch
但这只南非的大块头是个例外

but this South African bruiser is an exception.
雄性们通过战斗划分领地

The males sort out their dominance through combat.
强者能和大多数异性交配

The strongest will mate with the most females.
你可不会期待这么好斗的雄蛙

You might not expect such anaggressive male
会是个细心的爸爸

to bea caring father.
但这只雄蛙留下来，看守不止自己的

Yet one male stays behind to watch over
甚至包括别人的后代

but everyone else's offspring.
雌蛙将卵产在

The females laid their eggs in the shallows
水池周围的浅水区

around the margins of the pool.
但太阳很烈

But the sun is intense
浅滩缩成了一个小小的水坑

and the shallows have shrunk to a single pool.
蝌蚪们有被困住的危险

There's a real danger that the tadpoles will be stranded.
守护者意识到了这个

The guardian male recognises the problem.
除非它帮忙，一小时内它们就会死掉

They
will
be
dead
within
an
hour
unless
he
can
do
something to help.
要救它们，它只有一个办法

There is only one thing he can do to save them.
挖一条通到大水池的水渠

Dig a channelto themain pool.
它们安全了

They're safe.
引人入胜的新策略使得爬虫和两栖动物

Remarkable
innovations
have
made
amphibians
and
reptiles
在现代成名

amodern success story.
更有甚者，它们中间有一种爬虫

What is more
是毫无争议的陆地食肉动物之王

that is stillan undisputed top land predator.
科莫多龙

The Komodo dragon.
它们大多数能轻而易举地捕食鹿

They mostly hunt deer
但在困难时期，科莫多龙会冒险捕食更大的动物

But
in
hard
times
the
dragons
risk
hunting
something much bigger.
水牛，比它们体型大十倍

Water buffalo
直到现在，还没有拍到龙猎食水牛的镜头

Until now
旱季

It's the dry season.
一头水牛在炎热里酣睡

A buffalo sleeps through the heat of the day
最后的几个水坑之一

in one of the last waterholes.
科莫多龙们埋伏在一旁

Dragons lurk around the margins.
在水牛看来，这只会觉得不爽

The buffalo seems to view them as just an irritation
而不会觉得危险

not a danger.
这是个严重的错误

A serious mistake.
科莫多龙小心翼翼，被戳到或被踢到会造成重伤

The
dragon
is
wary
a
jab
or
a
kick
could
injure it fatally.
这一咬只是皮肉之伤，但其它龙开始躁动起来

The
bites
are
just
flesh
wounds
but
other
dragons are alert now.
就像鲨鱼，它们被鲜血刺激得很兴奋

Like sharks
水牛跛着脚离开了

The buffaloleaves with just a limp.
科莫多龙们看起来失败了

The dragons appear to have failed.
但它们对水牛显示出极大的兴趣

Yet they show a peculiar interest in the buffalo
无论它去哪里都跟着

and follow it wherever it goes.
几天下来，水牛的伤口无法愈合

As the days pass
它的身体开始虚弱

It starts to weaken.
科莫多龙的猎食方法开始明朗起来

The dragons' hunting method begins to come clear.
一份新的研究显示，科莫多龙能分泌毒液，如同毒蛇

A brand new discovery reveals that the
dragon has venom
那一咬最终可以致命

The bite will eventually prove fatal
但前后需要几周时间

but it's going to take several weeks.
科莫多龙，为了这一顿大餐，它们等得起

The dragons
它们只是简单的跟着猎物，保存体力

They simply stick close to their victim and conserve their
energy.
数千年前，矮象（估计已灭绝）曾生活在这里

Thousands of years ago
科莫多龙可能就是用同样的方法，将它们猎食殆尽的

The
dragons
probably
hunted
them
in
exactly the same way.
整个过程很漫长

But the process is a long
三周后，水牛已经极度虚弱

Three weeks later and the buffalo is very weak.
科莫多龙意识到，就要结束了

The dragonssense that the end is near.
它们仍需小心，水牛可能会猛力还击

They must remain wary
慢慢地，它们试探着靠近，结果了它

Gradually they closein to try and finish it off.
科莫多龙的战术是残酷的

The dragons'strategy is certainly merciless
但像这样的大餐，只能用这一方法才能得到

but it is the only way that they can get a meal like
this
在困难时期，想要生存，它们确实需要这样的大餐

and in hard timesthey need it if they're to
survive.
夜间，水牛死掉了

The buffalo died in the night.
十条巨龙聚在一起会餐

Tenbig dragons have gathered to feed.
四小时后，水牛只剩下一副骨架

They strip the buffalo to the bone in just four hours.
这是地球上最大的有毒动物

This is the biggest venomous animal on the planet.
我们不必借助于侏罗纪公园的故事

We don't need tales of Jurassic Park and Velociraptors
来看爬虫怎样统治世界

to see a reptiledominated world.
这里就有

It's all here.
接下来是精彩花絮，别走开哦

之前从没有人跟随拍摄过

No-one has ever before followed the whole process
科莫多龙猎食水牛的全过程

of aKomodo dragon hunting a buffalo.
所以摄影师
Kevin Flay
和研究员
Matt Swarbrick So cameraman Kevin Flay and researcher Matt
Swarbrick
不知道会发生什么

didn't know what to expect.
他们以为这只是对身体的考验

They thought it would be a physicalchallenge
没想到对他们的情感冲击更大

but they hadn't bargained for emotional turmoil as well.
经过四天跋涉，他们到达科莫多岛

They reached Komodo after a four day journey.
Kevin
，一位专业摄影师

Kevin
深知他们已经闯入了龙的地盘

knows they're in dragon territory.
看看这些宽大的（脚印）

Lookhow wide that is.
看看这个

Look at .
他们唯一的防护，是手持木棍的护林员

Their only protection is these rangers
体型较大的龙看起来确实很可怕

These big ones look really scary
直到它们靠近时，你更会体验到这一点

And not until you get
它们出现在镜头里时，你会怀疑自己

and when they're by the camera
是否信得过那些拿树枝保护你的人

in our friends with the sticks.
但这条龙并不大

But this dragon isn't a big one.
五英尺长，才半大

At five foot
真正的大家伙住在内陆

The really big ones live in land
Kevin
和
Matt
正是要去那个地方

which is exactly where Kevin andMatt must go
找一个水牛和龙会遭遇的地点

to find a place where dragons and buffalo might meet.
我们会花费五周时间走遍这个岛

We could spend five weeks walking around all over the island
只为找到一个龙和水牛相遇的场景

just trying to find dragons randomly coming across buffalos
幸运的是，现在是旱季

but fortunately for us it is the dry season
岛上只剩下一个水池

and there's only one decent waterhole left on the island
显然，科莫多龙和水牛都需要水

and both the dragons and the buffalo require water
这样它们就会碰头

which brings them together.
Kevin
打算在这儿等候

Kevin decides to wait here
但几天下来没见着龙的影子

but aftera few days with no sign of dragons
看起来这是个错误的决定

it looks like the wrong decision.
噢，来了一头水牛

Oh
你知道，这是这几天最兴奋的事情

You know this is about as
看

Look.
看那个

See that.
你好啊

Hello
差不多一周后，情况有变

After almost a week something changes
几条龙出现了

and a couple of dragons appear.
有护林员吗？

Have we got a ranger here?
伙计们，护林员呢？

Guys
我们都知道危险程度

Always know how dangerous a situation is
但还是很担忧

but it does seem a bit concerning
我们的一个护林员已经爬到了树上

that one of our rangers is sat up in a tree.
但是科莫多龙看起来对水牛和人都没兴趣

But
the
dragons
show
no
interest
in
the
buffalo
or
the crew
失望在继续

and the frustration continues.
看起来任务相当简单

Yet their task seems so simple.
我们只需拍下

So all we need
它攻击它的画面

isfor him to film him attacking him.
但它看起来准备攻击另一个

But it looks like he isabout to attack him.
不小心割伤了，在龙的地盘可不太妙

Just cut myself
我必须格外小心

I better be careful.
现在我们打算收拾回营，只需一小时

Now we've gotta start our walk home
但问题是，如果事情发生了

but the thing is
你很顺利地拍到了

you've managed to film good stuff then it
你会快速回去弄点吃的

you just trot on home andfind some dinner
然后在屋子里谈论一番

and find out what the rats have done to your room.
但此时正是一天中非常炎热的时候

But it's still really hot at this time of day
正因如此，如果你没拍到什么好东西

and so
只是在这里傻等一天

and you've just sat here all day long
回去时一路上肯定会很不爽

thenit's a hell of a long walk home.
他们已经来回很多趟了，
终于，
又来了一条龙

They have a lot of long walks home but finally a
new dragon appears
它的举止看起来不太一样

something about its attitude seems different.
或许会有所斩获，但是我们发现另一条龙不见了

Maybe we could be onto something but I've
now lost that other dragon
这让我们有些紧张

which makes me a bit nervous.
开始只是试探

At first it's wary
不愿太靠近水牛

unwilling to get too close to the buffalo.
较大的龙也来了

Big dragons involved here.
就像忽然冒出来似地

That came from absolutely nowhere.
那家伙看起来是认真的

That guy has got some real attitude.
第一口咬下去，鲜血的味道引发连锁反应

That first bite and the smell of blood set off a chain
reaction.
所有的龙都活跃起来

All the dragons seem to come to life.
平静的水池现在成了危险的场所

The peaceful watering hole is now a dangerous place to be.
是的，此时我一定是两头想

Well
就像某个摄影师所说：太帅了

one as a cameraman saying
另一个则说，可怜的动物

And the other one's thinking
那样不好，真的不好


快点，再快点

Quickly
快上呀

quick
我的心跳加速

My heart's pumping a bit.
至少心脏还能运作，天啊，真的有点毛骨悚然

At least my heart still works. Good Lord
现在，摄制组必须每天跟着那头水牛

Now the crew must follow the buffalo everyday
以便完成整个拍摄

to finish their filming job.
这个则很消耗他们的感情

This begins to take a toll on their emotions.
它知道自己受伤了，不能正常行走

He knows he's injured
一些猎食者则在周围

and he's got these predators just gathering around him
等待时机

waiting for the opportunity.
很可怕

It's gruesome.
跟着水牛，也意味着与龙共舞

Shadowing the buffalo means staying close to the dragons too.
我们很疯狂，跟着那头水牛

This is mad we've
我想，有六条龙，我跟丢了

and
有六条龙到了河床

I think it's six dragons
但你知道，它们就躲在附近

and
我们都有些紧张

we're all a bit nervous
这的确很吓人的说

this is actually quite frightening
它们非常强悍，一点也不怵我们

They're so capable and so unafraid of us
它们能毫不费力地

and they would have no problems at all
对我们造成致命伤害

of causing us major
那个时候我只有
5%-10%
的安全把握

At
the
moment
I
feel
about 5
to
10%
confident
that
I'm
safe here
但真实情况我们是不知道的

but the truth is we just don't know.
日子一天天过去，
Kevin
和
Matt As the days pass
免不了更加投入感情

can't help butfeel more deeply involved.
我确信，摄制组开始期盼

I'm sure they're starting tothink of us as death
出现死亡

you know
因为，就算我们一直没有介入

Because
但不管怎么说，我们一直跟着水牛和龙

in anyway
你知道，它受伤了，我们一直跟着

and
它会回头望着你

and you see her looking backat you
我确信已经感受到了死亡的气息

and I'm sure I feel like death and his scythe's comingin to kill.
我不知道如何从这个氛围里跳出来

I'm not really that sure how cut out I am for this.
如果你花很长时间观察一只动物如何死去

If
那不知是什么滋味

I don't know about that.
科莫多龙看起来野蛮无情

The dragons seem brutal
但这是它们获得大型猎物的唯一手段

yet this is the only way they can get large prey.
对我们来说，这只是它们的私人恩怨

For the team
我想我们已经熟悉它了

I think as we've got to know himand
我们每个早晨、每个夜晚都会看见它

we've seen him everymorning
和它建立了某种关系

and
今天，我想，它已经放弃了

and
接下来一天，一切都结束了

The next dayit isall over.
结束了，你坐在一旁，有种感觉

Now it's over
太奇妙了

that was just astonishing.
如此原始的感觉

And it feels so primeval.
刚刚目睹了另一个纪元的事情

It feels we're watching something from a different era.
这真是最为奇妙的事情

And they really are the most fantastic things to be with.
可怕

Scary....
看起来很酷，你知道的

awesome
你感觉就像在目睹侏罗纪公园里发生的故事

you
just
feel
that
you
are
looking
at
something
from Jurassic Park.
第三集：哺乳动物

南极

Antarctica.
地球上最寒冷地方

The earth's coldest continent
极度不适合生物生存

the one that is most hostile to life.
这里，距离南极点
800
英里

Here
零下
40
摄氏度

it's 40 degrees below zero.
地球上数百万种动物中

Of all the millions of species of animals on Earth
只有一种能一直在此生存

only one can live here permanently.
威德尔海豹

A Weddell seal.
它能生存是因为可以潜到冰层下面

She can survive because she can dive below the ice.
使自己不受上面的暴风雪袭击

Here she is protected from the storms above
这里也能找到食物

and here too
但它是哺乳动物，必须呼吸空气

But she is a mammal
所以它必须守住一条通到冰层上面的生命线

so
she
has
to
keep
a
lifeline
open
to
the
world
above the ice.
不只是为自己

Not only for her
也为刚出生的幼仔

but now for her newborn pup.
SEAL GRUNTS
PUP CRIES
它还没一周大，仍旧很脆弱

He's less than a week old
暴风雪来袭，力量强劲

A blizzard blows in
可以持续一周

It could last for a week.
作为哺乳类，海豹可以体内产热

Being mammals
皮毛下面是一层厚厚的脂肪

And their fur
能防止绝大多数的热量散失

prevents most of that heat from escaping
即便是在这么冷的情况下

even in cold conditions like this.
更重要的是，它能用哺乳动物所特有的

What is more
乳汁，来哺育后代

with that mammalian speciality
哺乳时，它还为幼仔遮挡住暴风雪

And while she does so
整个冬天，它都孜孜不倦地工作

She
has
worked
hard
throughout
the
winter
to
prevent
her
breathing hole
防止通气孔被冰冻封住

in the ice from freezing over.
这需要持久的专注

That requires constant attention -
用牙齿清除洞周围的冰

filing back the edges of the hole with her teeth.
一旦幼仔长到适合游泳，就得跟它一起下水

Her pup needs to join her under the ice as soon as
he can swim properly.
它鼓励它第一次下水

She encourages him to take his first plunge
奇怪的是，它一点也不紧张

hardly surprisingly
现在，在妈妈的指导下，它要学习如何在水下捕食

Now
同时能够在水下迷宫里找到返回通气孔的路

and to find his way back through the maze to his
hole in the ice.
体温、皮毛、乳汁以及母亲的呵护

A warm body
是海豹在这严寒里生存必不可少的

for the Weddell seal's survival in this freezing environment.
这些特点有助哺乳动物

And those qualities have helped the mammals
统治整个地球

to colonise the entire globe.
东非赤道地带

Equatorial East Africa.
是一个与南极洲完全不同的世界

It's hard to image a place more different from Antarctica.
要在这里生存，哺乳类需要额外的智慧

To survive here
这三个窝点是一种小动物的领地

This tree shelters the territory of a tiny mammal
花费了它毕生的精力辛勤打理

that spends its whole life in frenzied activity.
以前被称作长鼻鼩

It used to be called an elephant shrew
现在有个非洲化的名字：森吉（扎伊尔硬币）

but now it's called by its African name of sengi.
这是一只红褐色的雌性
sengi This is a female rufous sengi.
就像所有的
sengi
一样，它太活跃，总是吃不饱

And
为了得到足够的食物

To get all the food she needs
它必须勤劳而又灵巧

she has to be both industrious and ingenious.
它为设计了错综复杂的路线

She has made an intricate network of trails
帮助自己有效地猎食昆虫

that enable her to hunt her insect prey very efficiently.
但这些通道在遭遇天敌时

But these pathways have another important function
有重要的作用

when she meets her enemies.
能否在头脑中牢记这张路线图关系着

Having
a
map
of
these
trails
in
her
head
can
mean
the
difference
生存

between life...
或死亡

..and death.
跟爬行类不同，像大多数哺乳类

Like most mammals
它的腿长在身体正下方（爬行类在身体两侧）

her legs are directly beneath her body.
这使它不太稳定，但是更加迅速灵巧

That makes her less stable
它不但比这只蜥蜴跑得快，更比它聪明

Not only has she outrun this reptile
还有

And just as well
它是一位需要照顾幼仔的母亲

for she is a mother and has a youngster to care for.
sengi
依靠速度和智谋取得成功

The sengi relies on speed and cunning for its success.
其它的哺乳类有不同的技能

Other mammals have very different techniques.
ANIMALS CALL OUT
马达加斯加

Here in Madagascar
一种最为怪异的哺乳动物正在游荡

one of the most bizarre of all mammals is on the prowl.
长指狐猴，跟
sengi
一样，吃昆虫

The aye-aye
但它看不见所找的食物

But the ones that she seeks
因为它们躲在树干深处

for they're buried deep inside branches.
它们是挖虫高手

They're beetle grubs.
为找到食物，它有特殊天分

To find them
它用手指以每秒
8
次的速度敲击树干

She
taps
her
fingers
on
the
wood
up
to
eight
times
a
second
通过分辨回声中的细微差别

and listens for the tiny change in resonance
侦测出里面是否有洞

that indicates a hollow spot within.
它的听力及其灵敏，能准确定位

Her hearing is so acute
然后咬开树皮，找到虫子

in which to gnaw a hole in order to reach the grub.
用它变态的超长中指

And she has a grotesquely long middle finger
刺入洞中抓虫

with which to skewer it.
长指狐猴要花费四年时间来完善这种技能

It
takes
a
young
aye-aye
four
years
to
perfect
this
technique.
一旦练成

But once it has done so
它就能得到别人吃不到的食物

it can collect prey that no other mammal can reach.
北极冻原

The Arctic tundra.
这里也很难找到食物

Food is hard to find here too.
实际上，这片土地太过贫瘠，极少有大型动物能在这里生存

Indeed
但有一种哺乳动物可以做到

Yet one mammal has found a way to do so.
晚春

It's late spring
太阳温暖大地

and as the mounting strength of the sun warms the land
约
8
百万只驯鹿向北迁移

eight million reindeer move north.
但是草木太过稀少

But the vegetation is so meagre
鹿群想要吃饱，就必须

that the only way the herds can get enough
一路吃下去

is to keep constantly on the move.
新生小鹿很快就发觉

Newborn calves soon discover
它们必须每天赶路找吃的

that they will have to spend every day walking in search of food.
它们有着惊人的耐受力

They have extraordinary endurance.
这种动物在死之前

Some of these animals
已经走了很长的路

will have trekked for a distance
足够绕地球三周

equivalent to three times around the earth.
现在的牧场是最好的

Grazing is now at its best.
但驯鹿们最讨厌的敌人

BUZZING
吸血蝇

Biting flies.
苍蝇不但扰得它们心烦意乱

The flies not only drive them to distraction
而且每天可以吸掉它们一品脱的血

but they can drain a pint of blood each day.
驯鹿们有一种防御策略

But the reindeer have a defensive strategy.
每一只都尽力朝群体中心靠拢

Each individual tries to push its way into the centre of a group
在那里苍蝇很少

where there are fewer flies.
所有的鹿挤在一起

With all this pushing and jostling
母亲们必须盯紧自己的孩子

mothers need to keep their calves close.
有时候苍蝇太过分了

Sometimes the flies become so bad
鹿群实在无法忍受

the reindeer can stand them no longer
它们都逃向苍蝇们无法跟随的高地

and they bolt to higher ground where the flies can't follow.
但这种逃避也有代价

But the price of escape can be high.
慌乱中，一个鹿妈妈丢失了她的孩子

In the rush
REINDEER CALLS OUT
已经被别的生物找到了

Others have already found it.
BIRDS CALL OUT
鹿群照旧前进

The herd has long since moved on
但它母性本能十分强烈

but her maternal instinct is so strong
它会留下来好几天，寻找丢失的孩子

she'll stay to search for her missing calf for days.
鹿群现在摆脱了苍蝇的困扰

The reindeer are free from flies for now
但在这高山上没有食物

but with no food on these high slopes
它们将会被迫下山寻找草场

they will eventually be forced to descend to find new pastures
再一次面对吸血蝇

and face the biting swarms once more.
地球上没有哪种动物比它们

No animal makes a longer migration across the lands of the earth
迁徙的更远了

than these mammals.
有些生物找到了一种更经济的方式

Other mammals have found a more economic way
进行更快速的远距离迁徙

of travelling huge distances and at greater speed.
它们用飞的

They go by air.
BIRDS CHIRP
巨大的食果黄蝙蝠

Giant straw-coloured fruit bats
栖居于刚果森林

inhabit the great forests of the Congo.
它们的翼展达一米

Their wings are nearly a metre across.
每年十月下旬

In late October every year
它们动身越过森林，进行长途旅行

they set off on a long journey across the forest canopy.
从几百只到几千只

Flocks of hundreds become thousands.
然后几万、几十万

And tens of thousands become hundreds of thousands.
它们是快速而强健的飞行家

They are fast and powerful fliers
几个晚上就可以飞出上千英里

and can travel a thousand miles in just a few nights.
THUNDER RUMBLES
它们如何确定出发时间以及目的地仍旧是个谜

How they know where and when to travel is a
mystery
但它们都在同一地方落脚：卡桑卡，赞比亚的一个偏远沼泽

but they all end up in one place -
Kasanka
这里约有一千万只蝙蝠

There are ten million of them here.
它们在差不多有两三个足球场大的

They crowd together in just one small patch of forest
一小片丛林里聚集

no bigger than two or three football pitches.
在此逗留几星期

And here they take up residence for a few weeks.
这里成了地球上最大的食果蝙蝠栖息地

It's the largest fruit bat roost on Earth.
经过长途跋涉，它们需要休息

After their long journey
这里实在太挤，几乎肩靠着肩

The roost is so crowded that complete strangers rub shoulders
甚至互相抱成一团

and even snuggle up together.
夜幕降临

As evening approaches
它们准备享用长途旅行的奖赏

they prepare to reap the reward for their long journey.
它们越过中非来到这里

They've come from all over Central Africa to this one place
因为

because here
在每年此时

at this time of the year
这里的芒果，还有其它果实正好丰收

there is an extraordinary glut of mangoes and other fruit.
它们如潮水般涌出，去搜集食物

Streaming out from the roost
每只蝙蝠一晚上，可以狂吞约两公斤的水果

Each bat guzzles at least two kilos' worth of fruit
every night.
几周下来，这一群

In just a few weeks
将会吃下多达十亿只水果

will devour more than a billion separate fruits.
也只因具备飞行的能力，它们才能

It's only the power of flight that allows these mammals
如此千里迢迢赶来，大吃一顿

to travel so far and so fast that they can reap such a brief harvest.
六周过后，树上的果子被吃个精光

After six weeks
然后，这支庞大的空军又起飞

Then
各自回到原来

each bat returning to its own particular patch
位于刚果丛林的栖息地

of the vast Congo forests.
非洲的陆生哺乳动物

The land mammals of Africa
也进行大规模的迁徙

also travel together in stupendous numbers.
东非草原上的动物数量

The herds that graze the East African plains
比一个世纪前要少了很多

are not nearly the size they were a century ago
但仍旧很庞大

but they are still immense.
聚在一起是很好的防御策略

Grazing together is a good defence.
以数量取胜

There's safety in numbers.
集体捕猎也会带来好处

But hunting together also brings advantages.
LION SNARLS
这只鬣狗，却在独自觅食

This hyena
它得小心

She needs to be careful.
但是它闻到了食物的味道

But she smells food.
决定冒险

And she takes risks.
HYENA YOWLS
HYENA SHRIEKS
皮开肉绽，它很幸运地在犯错后活了下来

Bruised and bloodied
但它并没有被完全打败

But she's not totally defeated -
它是一个家族的成员

she belongs to a clan.
夜间，战斗的嚎叫响彻四方

A call to arms rings out through the night.
HYENA CALLS OUT
集结号

Reinforcements assemble.
家族里成年的个体作出回应

Every adult in the clan responds.
如果一个家族一起攻击，它们可以挑战那几头狮子

If a clan attack together
HYENAS CALL OUT
LION SNARLS
一群鬣狗挑战一个狮群，双方都全力以赴

It's a clan against a pride
鬣狗数量上占优势

And the clan outnumbers the pride.
鬣狗们的强势

The combined power of the hyenas
最终逼得狮子们撤退

eventually forces the lions to retreat.
有组织地进行团队作战

Attacking as a coherent team
需要高度的社会合作能力

requires a high degree of social cooperation
这也是哺乳动物的另一专长

and that is another of the mammals' specialities.
动物间的联系

Social bonds between mammals begin
在母亲哺育后代时就开始建立

when mothers feed their young on milk.
加上对幼小后代极好的照顾

And few look after their young with greater care
哺乳动物统治了自然

than the mammal which dominates this landscape.
一头母北极熊设正法为幼仔找食物

A female polar bear is trying to find food for her cubs.
但这是一年中

But this is a particularly
特别艰难的时日

difficult time of the year.
供觅食的冰面正在开始融化

The sea ice on which she hunts is melting beneath her feet.
它必须上岸

She must look for food on land.
它们都安全上岸，但还需面临几个月的饥荒

They're all safely ashore
在这寒冷贫瘠的海岸，寻找食物实在太难

Finding food is not so easy on this cold and barren
coast.
搜寻过程很漫长

The search may be a long one.
北极熊有着异常敏锐的嗅觉

Polar bears have an extraordinarily sensitive sense of smell.
它嗅到了一丝希望

And she has caught a faint whiff of something promising.
是一具巨大的北极露脊鲸的尸体

It's the immense carcass of a bowhead whale.
这具尸体可供这一家子吃好长时间

A
whale
carcass
could
provide
more
than
any
one
family
could eat.
但毕竟不是它们

But they're not the first here to find it...
最先发现的

by any means.
气味将远处的熊都引来了

The smell has brought in bears from miles away.
ROARING
北极熊一家很少与另一家相处

Bear families seldom get on with one another.
所以，带小熊来这里很冒险

She's taking a risk bringing her cubs here.
公熊可能，也确实会杀死，吃掉小熊

Male bears can
ROARING
另一家向它挑战

Another family challenges her.
它必须决定，是继续争夺食物

还是带着孩子逃跑，然后挨饿

She
must
decide
whether
to
compete for food
它将幼仔护在自己身边，守住地盘

She keeps her cubs close to her and stands her ground.
母亲的勇气为孩子挣来一餐

Their mother's courage has won the cubs a meal.
群居生活可以带来回报

Living as a family may bring rewards
但也会带来麻烦，因为兄弟姐妹之间会竞争

but it can also create problems
南美长鼻浣熊

A coati - a South American relative of the racoon.
这些小家伙是在树上的窝里出生的

These babies were born in a nest high in a tree
现在第一次下地

and are about to come down to the ground for the first time.
有些很排斥其它的浣熊

Some more reluctantly than others.
一旦到了地面，母亲会把小仔们聚在一起

Once on the ground
形成一个大的群体

and takes them away to join a single large group.
一个家庭有
40
多个成员

Together
数量多就安全

Once again
最先觉察到危险的会警告所有的

The first to spot danger will warn everyone.
但维持秩序就不容易了

But keeping order isn't easy
一旦发现食物，熊熊有份

and when they find food
卡拉哈利沙漠的猫鼬

Meerkats in the Kalahari Desert
也是群体生活，但它们更有组织性

also live in large groups
每个家族被一位年长雌性所掌控

Each family band is controlled by a queen
几乎是唯一的有生育能力的

who is nearly always the only female to breed.
它一直忙碌于哺育
5
个小仔

She has been kept very busy suckling her five pups
它们是时候该独立自主了

and it's high time they became more independent.
今天是这些新生儿第一次自己找早餐

Today
is
the
new
brood's
first
trip
to
get
breakfast
for
themselves.
新手们要花好几周学习如何找食物

It takes weeks for youngsters to learn how to find food.
MEERKAT SQUEAKS
这个家伙试图抓蚂蚁

This one is trying to catch ants
但还没掌握必需的技巧

but hasn't quite grasped the necessary technique.
但这个小家伙说服了一个年长的，示范该怎么做

But this youngster has persuaded an adult to
show him what to do.
导师并不是父母，只是有了热情

The tutor is not his parent
通过教学将能力传给学生

and one who will adapt his lessons to the ability of his student.
这个是初学者

This new one is a beginner
所以从简单的开始，如何挖出一只昆虫幼虫

so he starts with something easy -how to dig for
insect larvae.
另一位，如这个，则棘手的多

Other meals
老师在让它对付蝎子之前

So the tutor disables the scorpion's sting
会先搞定它的毒刺

before he lets the youngster tackle it.
家族也会协同防御

The family also cooperates in defence.
每一位都会轮流站岗，留心危险

Every member does a tour of guard duty
所以，只要有一只放哨

So
其它的都可以放松

everyone else can rest.
在大热天里，很容易打盹

And
猫鼬的成功奥秘在于

The secret of meerkats' success
每一位都轮流站岗

is that everyone takes a turn in communal duties.
许多哺乳类不止是分担工作量

But many mammals do more than just share their workload.
还可以通过好几代来分享智慧

Some can share their knowledge
大象的生存得益于

Elephant survival depends on profiting
好多代传下来的经验

from the experience of many lifetimes.
这只小象是昨晚才出生的

This baby elephant was born last night
整个家族都很欢迎它的加入

and the whole herd seems to welcome this new addition.
但这位母亲很年轻，经验不足

But the mother is young and inexperienced.
这是它第一个孩子

This is her first baby.
母亲必须喝水，才能产奶

If she is to produce milk
新生儿则要跟着它

And the newborn calf must keep up with her
象群走上了寻找水源的路

as the herd continues on their long journey to find water.
走了五英里，小象很疲惫

After five miles
走够了

Enough is enough.
年轻的母亲鼓励它继续

The young mother encourages her calf to continue
但前路仍旧漫长

but there is still a long way to go
小象已经开始脱水

and the calf is already getting dehydrated.
现在象群已经离水不远了，可以嗅到水的味道

The
elephants
are
now
so
close
to
water
that
they can smell it.
终于到了

Water
ELEPHANT TRUMPETS
这是小象第一次遇到水坑

This is the calf's first encounter with a waterhole.
它不确定是怎么回事，也不知道怎么爬出来

She's not sure what to make of it or
母亲试图帮助它

Her mother tries to help her
但它没有带孩子的经验

but she has no experience of dealing with babies.
（小象哭喊）

BABY ELEPHANT CRIES OUT
小象跟着象群朝沼泽深处前进

As the herd moves deeper into the swamp
现在，它真的麻烦大了

but now she is in real trouble.
（小象哭喊）

BABY ELEPHANT CRIES OUT
小象有可能会永远地陷入泥潭

Elephant babies can
母亲试图帮助它，但只会越帮越糟糕

Her mother's attempts to help her baby are only making
matters worse.
会让它越陷越深

It's stuck beneath her and she's pushing it deeper still.
这时孩子的祖母发现了问题，走了过来

But now the baby's grandmother spots the problem and
steps in.
MUFFLED THUMP
MOTHER TRUMPETS
直截了当

将孩子妈妈推向一边

with an unceremonious poke in the rump
使得它的孙子能够爬出来

and enables her granddaughter to scramble free.
母亲和小孩从祖母那里学来重要一课

Mother
and
calf
have
learned
a
valuable
lesson
from
grandma.
智慧像这样代代相传

Such passing of wisdom across generations
是大象能够生存的重要基础

has been an important element in the survival of elephants.
最大的陆生动物大象，是哺乳类

The largest animal on land
海洋里最大的动物也同样是哺乳类

And so are the largest animals in the sea.
雌性驼背鲸和它的孩子

A female humpback whale and her calf.
每隔几年，它都会游过
3000
英里

Every few years
从南极富饶的水域

from the rich waters of the Antarctic
到太平洋的温暖但是食物稀少的地区

to these warm
产下一只幼仔

to give birth to a single calf.
汤加周围的海域，不止是驼背鲸的育儿所

The
seas
around
Tonga
are
not
only
a
nursery
for
humpbacks
也是它们的交配场所

but also their mating ground.
WHALE CALLS OUT
这头
50
岁的母鲸来这里，
寻找最佳配偶

This 50-year-old female has come here to seek the best
partner
它开始对潜在的追求者宣告自己的到来

and
she
starts
by
announcing
her
arrival
to
potential
suitors.
异性一个个到来

One by one
但它却游走了

But as they do
使得六头追随者跟着

compelling her half a dozen or so suitors to follow her.
它领头，雄性们则在后面抢位置

She leads
WHALE BELLOWS
雄性们互相吼叫着示威

The males bellow threats to one another
弄出巨大的水花

creating huge plumes of bubbles.
直到现在，一切还算公平、缓和

So far
眼下竞争变得严峻

Now the competition becomes serious.
一小时一小时过去，雄性在它后面抢位置

Hour after hour
40
多吨重的鲸们开始互相撞击

And now the 40-tonne males begin to smash into one another.
这是自然界最大块头的战斗

This is the most massive battle in all nature.
它们可以使对手致死

Rival males can kill one another.
在战斗最为激烈时

As the conflict reaches its climax
它们希望对手都屈服

they try to force each other downwards.
最后，胜者将会陪伴在母鲸身边

At last
不会再有不服

and remains unchallenged.
通过诱使雄性们决斗

By inciting the males to fight
母鲸可以确保找到最佳的伴侣

the female has secured the best mate for herself -
从而能够产下最强的后代

the one who is most likely to father the strongest offspring.
夫妻双双潜入深处

Together
但直到现在也没人知道它们在哪里交配

But still
所有哺乳动物，包括我们

All mammals
都有一系列领先的特征

share a set of winning characteristics.
恒温的身体、敏锐的感官和高度发达的智力

Warm bodies
这些特质帮助它们，和我们，成功

and those qualities have contributed to their
也许，所有特征里最重要的

But perhaps the most important characteristic of all
是来自我们的家庭力量

lies in the strength of our family ties.
哺乳动物是以家族的方式占领地球的

It is the mammal family that has conquered the earth.

汤加，以驼背鲸闻名

Tonga is famous for humpback whales
但即便在这儿，想找到并拍摄鲸

but even here
也是不小的挑战

would prove challenging.
Life
摄制组想要

For the Life team
拍到驼背鲸独特而著名的

capturing the humpback whales'unique mating contest
求爱竞赛

known as a heat run
需要花大量时间、当地的知识和超好的运气

would need local knowledge
我们听说靠近陆地的一只船

We've heard that one of the boats further inland
见过一头带幼仔的母鲸和一批追随者

has seen a female with a calf and an escort
这极有可能处于发情期

which is something which might build to
所以我们朝那边赶，去看看

so we're gonna head over there and take a look.
任何一头带小孩的母鲸都有可能出镜

Any adult female with a calf could be coming into season
还会是发情的公鲸们的目标

and so might be a target for amorous males.
到那里时，我非常兴奋

When we got there
也有点紧张，不知道会发生什么

a little bit nervous
一旦我潜到水里

Once I got in the water and dived down
一片安静祥和

it was surprisingly quiet and mellow.
当然没预料到接下来的事

Certainly didn't expect what happened next.
那头小鲸直接冲我而来

The calf just came straight up towards me.
它看上去很放松，对我很有兴趣

She seemed really relaxed
就在我周围几米处游动，轻轻摇尾巴

It's literally just swimming around within metres of them
我想，它应该很好奇吧

flicking its tail
也有点好玩

and having a bit of fun.
确实还很小

It's obviously quite young
所以在水面呆的时间很长

so it's staying on the surface quite a long time.
不能下潜很久

It's not diving down for very long
大概几分钟吧，它母亲

maybe a couple of mother will be
会在下面
5
到
10
米处看守着

about five or ten metres below just keeping an eye on it.
但即便是幼鲸，鳍和尾巴仍旧力量十足

But even a calf has great power in its fins and tail.
Roger
需要小心为妙

Roger will need to be careful.
接着

Got it?
这是我见过的最荒诞的事情

That was the most silly thing I've ever seen in my life.
它在周围玩耍，就像新生羔羊

It was just gambolling around like a little newborn lamb.
但它有两吨重啊

But it's two tonnes.
THEY LAUGH
它朝我搅了些水流什么的

Couple of bumps as it's come round
Jason
，我拍到了一些画面

I got a great shot of it
Jason
后仰成这样了

Jason was backpedalling like this!
只是头幼鲸，还小呢

It's just a a little puppy
你在和一个小动物玩，但是有四米长

you're playing with a little puppy
很荒谬吧，它妈妈怎么样？

It's just his mum all right?
它在下面怪吓人的

She is just totally chilling out underneath.
在水下
15
米处像这样悬停着

Pecs back. Just hanging like this at about 15 metres.
是的，只是悬在那里

Yeah
或许是没看见，但我不这么认为

Probably didn't even see it
和贪玩的小鲸一起是一回事儿

It's one thing to be close to a playful baby.
但和一群雄激素水平超高的

It will be another to be in the path
体型是它十倍的雄性鲸

of a testosterone-charged group of males
是另一回事

each ten times her size.
MUTTERED CONVERSATION
这里有很多雄性鲸，但它们发情了吗？

There are enough males here for a heat run
Oh!
Woo-hoo! Yes!
真不错

That was pretty good.
你们准备好了吗

When you guys are ready.
越快越好

Quick as you can.
这些鲸体重可达
40
吨，而且速度奇快

These
whales
can
weigh
up
to
40
tonnes
and
move
surprisingly quickly.
摄影机拍到好的画面

As well as getting the camera to get the shots -
得跟它们足够接近

they have to be fairly close -
我们必须小心，不要被撞到

we have to be careful they don't get bumped.
如果被它们撞一下

If they get a knock from one of these guys
会造成严重的损害

it could do some serious damage.
它朝你过来了

He's right towards you.
为了不影响鲸的行为

To avoid disturbing the whales' behaviour
组员们必须自由潜水，不带呼吸器

the team need to free-dive
尽可能地憋气

holding their breath as long as they can.
状态好的话，我可以憋气两分钟

On a good dive
但这些家伙，可以憋住
20
多分钟

These guys
然后再到水面换气

before they have to come up for air.
没法比

There's no contest.
越来越多的鲸聚集过来

More and more whales are gathering
但还没有达到发情状态

but it's not turning into a heat run yet.
很难说发生了什么

Hard to say what's going on.
是不是有
5
头？

Were there five that time?
它们只是游来游去，忽上忽下

They're kind of moving around
可望有事发生

Hopefully
莫非爱情在空中？

Maybe love's in the air?
HE CHUCKLES
爱情也许是在空中，但水里是没有的

Love may be in the air
接下来十天里，尽管一直跟着这些鲸

Despite keeping tabs on the whales over the next ten days
但仍旧不见它们发情的迹象

there was still no sign of a heat run starting.
你也许会认为，
跟踪这些
40
多吨的家伙很容易

You'd think it'd be quite easy to keep track of a
40-tonne animal.
我们一路跟着六头过来

And we've got six of them out here
不断地跟丢，一分钟前它们还在这里

and we keep losing minute they're there
然后我们靠近

we get up reasonably close
不到半分钟，它们又潜下去，失踪了

and within 30 seconds
然后，再等五到十分钟

And then it takes another maybe five minutes
它们会在
300
多码外又再次出现

and then they'll come up again and they'll be 300 yards away
然后又得花很长时间跟进

and it takes ages just to get close to them.
一直跟我们在玩猫捉老鼠的游戏

So we're just playing a continuous game of cat and mouse.
猫和老鼠？它们是鲸鱼哦

Cat and mouse? It's whales.
眼看繁殖季节就要结束了

The mating season is coming to an end
制作组还没完成拍摄任务呢

and the crew haven't completed their mission.
最后，那些鲸的行为看起来有变化

But then
好，这就是了

Well
我们在远处地平线发现了六到七头鲸

We
just
spotted
about
six
or
seven
humpbacks
on
the
horizon.
我们认为那就是求爱竞赛

We think it's a heat run.
在水上的最后
16
、
17
天

The last 16
取决于接下来两小时

are probably gonna come down to the next two hours
我们能否拍到画面

as to whether we get our shots or not.
追逐开始了

The chase is on!
至少有三、四头鲸游过

There was at least three or four males going past -
它们互相争斗、互相撞击

they were competing and knocking into each other
尽力抢得母鲸后面的位置

as they tried to get the poll position behind the female.
朝你过来了，冲你过来了

It's right at you
鲸游得太快了，想要找机会拍到它们

The whales are moving so fast that
组员们必须在它们正前方入水

the
crew
needs
to
be
dropped
right
in
front
of
the
charging
group.
正当
Roger
来到鲸的旁边

Just as Roger gets alongside the males
拍摄追逐的画面，忽然被

the tempo of the chase suddenly shifts to full bore
一个摆尾扰乱

with a flick of a tail.
面对发情的雄鲸，
Roger
在水下持续拍摄

Facing the charging males deep underwater
屏住呼吸直到它们游过

holding his breath until the group pass over.
然后迅速上来换口气，又继续下水

A quick gasp of air
鲸们鱼贯而过

The whales continue to rush by.
最后，
Roger
实在是憋不住了

In the end
精疲力竭，他们最后一次回到了船上

Exhausted
惊奇！实在是我最惊讶的一次经历

Amazing! That was the most amazing experience I've ever
had.
大约有

There was about...
七到八头鲸，在前面水下
20
米左右

seven or eight. Both dived down about 20 metres in front.
雌性先游过来，很近

And then the female came through first
然后它们都一下子朝我冲过来

And then they all just started diving towards me
就像面对着车流一样

it was like standing in a stream of traffic.
这边一头，这边一头，另一边也有

It was just one one side
再过了约
40
秒

And then
45
秒的样子，我有点透不过气来

40
我向上看，头顶上还有一头

And then I looked up
你拍到了吗？我想是的

Did you get it? I think so. Hope so.
如果没有，我们都会被炒鱿鱼的

If not
花了
18
天，几百次潜水

It's taken 18 days and hundreds of dives
最终，摄制组能够拍到

but at last the team have been able to reveal a secret
鲜为人知的鲸鱼的秘密

of these whales' lives that few people have ever seen.
第四集：鱼类

我们的地球是颗蓝色的行星

Ours is truly a blue planet.
水覆盖了大部分地球表面

Water covers most of the world's surface.
在这里我们是旁观者

Here we are the outsiders.
但碧波之下，有种生物却很兴盛

But under the waves one group thrives.
鱼类是水中高手

Fish are masters of the waters.
旗鱼又是所有鱼中最快的

And sailfish are the fastest of them all.
速度使它们成为海洋里最可怕的食肉动物之一

Their
speed
makes
them
one
of
the
ocean's
most fearsome predators.
墨西哥海域，
30
条旗鱼包围着一群沙丁鱼

Off the coast of Mexico
要抓到猎物，不仅仅单靠速度

To catch their prey requires more than speed alone.
急转弯时，鱼鳍依旧结实

In the tightest turns
它们靠镰刀形的尾巴驱动前进

Their sickle-shaped tail powers them forwards
外形奇特的背鳍能够恐吓猎物

and that extraordinary dorsal fin helps intimidate their prey.
肉眼看来，它们的动作太快了

To the naked eye
慢镜头下，它们的战术才清晰呈现

slowed
选定一个目标非常困难

Just picking a target is hard enough.
通过敲打使它失去平衡，并将之从鱼群里孤立出来

Knocking it off balance
这需要极高的技巧

This requires extraordinary skill.
并非每次尝试都能成功

Not every attempt is successful.
但随着越来越多的旗鱼加入，一个失手，另一个迅速跟上

But as more sailfish join in
这群沙丁鱼被有条不紊地猎食殆尽

The shoal of sardines is methodically wiped out.
旗鱼是顶级猎食者，极少生物能威胁到它们

Sailfish are top predators
对大多数的鱼类来说，不是这回事

But for the majority of fish this is not the case.
开阔的海洋对它们是极度危险的

For most fish the open ocean is extremely dangerous.
有些能作出惊人之举，只为逃生

And some go to extraordinary lengths just to survive.
飞鱼

Flying fish.
靠超长的鳍，它们飞出水面

Free of the water they soar on elongated fins
将猎食者远远甩在后面

leaving their predators far behind.
鱼类的飞行家

A flight of fish.
飞鱼所面临的考验，不仅仅只是逃避天敌

Escaping
predators
is
not
the
only
test
facing
the
flying fish.
它们也必须保护发育中的后代

They must also protect their developing young.
飞鱼在寻找一种特殊的东西，使之成为可能

These flying fish are searching for the one thing
that will make this possible.
在如此辽阔的海洋里，并不容易

In such a vast ocean it's not easy.
它们很幸运

They're in luck.
一片棕榈叶

A palm frond.
海洋里漂流的微型岛屿

It's a tiny island adrift in a huge ocean.
它可以提供庇护所，但不是为飞鱼

And like an island it offers shelter
而是给它们的卵

but for their eggs.
雌鱼在叶子上产卵，雄鱼使它们受精

The females lay eggs on the raft
一条鱼的排卵会引发其它的鱼也开始排卵

The
first
fish
spawn
and
this
triggers
the
others
to
start.
不一会儿，成千上万条鱼参与进来

Soon thousands join the melee.
产下难以计数的卵

Innumerable strands of eggs are laid.
重压之下“木筏”开始倾斜

The raft starts to tilt under their weight.
最佳产卵地点在叶子的中间

The best place to lay eggs is right inside the frond.
有些尝试被证明是失败的，它成了一些鱼的坟墓

For some the attempt proves fatal and living
fish become entombed.
在如此多鱼卵的重压下，它开始下沉

The raft starts to sink under the weight of so many eggs.
但这并非灾难

But this is far from a disaster.
沉到水面以下，实际上可以提高鱼卵的存活机会

Sinking
away
from
the
surface
actually
improves the eggs' chances of survival.
在深处安全地躲避着，几天后

In just a few days
它们全都孵化出来

they'll hatch out.
其它的鱼则用不同的方式保护后代

Other fish protect their offspring in different ways.
有些在照料后代方面走的更远

Some go to far greater lengths to care for them.
澳大利亚南部的浅水区

The shallow waters of southern Australia
是许多奇异生物的家园

are home to many strange creatures.
童话般的海马王国

It's a fairytale world of sea horses...
占星鱼（一直瞪着眼看天空）

..stargazers...
鳐鱼

..and stingrays.
但谁也比不上海藻龙的美丽

But none compare with the beauty of the weedy sea dragon.
它的背鳍快速地震动

The dragon's tiny fins beat frantically
防止自己被水流冲走

to prevent the current from sweeping it away.
现在是早春

It's the beginning of spring
海藻龙的求爱期开始了

the season when sea dragons begin their courtship.
在夜光下，它们开始跳舞

And in the evening light
在优美的二重奏里，一只龙能准确地模仿伴侣的动作

In a graceful duet
夜色很快就将这一对儿笼罩

Darkness will soon draw a veil over the pair
但它们会继续跳舞，直到深夜

but they will dance on
两个月后，它们的爱情结晶就会出现

Two months later
雄性海藻龙，它是携带着卵的那只

It's the male and he's the one that's carrying the eggs
一排一排的固定在它的尾巴上

with rows and rows of them embedded in his tail.
那一夜，雌性将卵移交给了它

That night the female transferred her eggs to him.
从那以后，它将独自照看这些卵

Since then
这样随身带着它们可以保证安全

By carrying them with him he's kept them safe.
现在，是它的付出得到回报的时候了

And now it's time for his efforts to be rewarded.
卵开始孵化

The eggs are ready to hatch.
在一个宁静的夏日早晨

In the calm of a summer morning
一个还带着卵囊小海龙诞生了

a baby sea dragon
海藻床为能够自己觅食的

The weed bed shelters older dragons
成年海龙提供庇护

that are already able to feed themselves.
尽管这些小海龙从父亲那里得到了很好的照料

Although these dragons were well cared for by
their father
如今，它们必须独自寻找食物

now they must find their own way in the world.
然而，还有一种鱼

There are fish
能够给后代提供更为长久的保护

which provide their young with a safe refuge for far longer.
太平洋西南部

The south western Pacific.
喷沙鱼（译者自命名）

A convict fish
它是海底的建筑师

and it's something of a marine architect.
在地下制造了迷宫一样的通道

Underground it has created a labyrinth of tunnels.
成年鱼从来不敢从洞里出来，它吃什么仍旧是个谜

This adult never ventures out of its burrow
但它并非独住

But it doesn't live here alone.
另一个门口露出了许多小脸儿

At another entrance faces peer out.
幼年喷沙鱼

Juvenile convict fish.
不像成年鱼，这些小子不会被地洞所束缚

Unlike their parent
一旦它们现身，细流会变成洪水

And as they start to emerge
成千上万

There are thousands of them.
它们都帮助做家务

And they all help with the chores.
鱼多力量大

Many hands make light work.
它们在一起游动

The young fish swarm together.
上万张嘴吞食食物

Thousands of mouths gulping plankton.
成年鱼吃什么，应该跟这些小鱼有关

What
the
adults
eat
must
somehow
involve
these
youngsters.
到底是小鱼们通过反刍来喂养大鱼呢？

Whether the young feed their parents by regurgitating
food
还是有其它的方式，我们无从得知

or through some other mechanism
无论答案如何，小鱼们给大鱼提供食物

Whatever the answer
它们的父母则提供庇护所作为回报

their parents with a meal and in return get a roof over their
heads.
繁衍后代只是一个挑战

Producing young is just one challenge.
寻找食物和居住场所，是鱼类必须面临的进一步考验

Finding food and somewhere to live are
further trials fish must face.
加利福利亚海岸，生存着大量的生物

The Californian coast
这也意味着生存空间的竞争异常激烈

But
all
this
life
means
competition
for
living
space
is
intense.
老掉的贝壳是很宝贵的

Old shells are highly prized.
这个壳被一个怪头鱼
（译者自命名）
所占据

And this one is occupied by a sarcastic fringehead.
这种鱼非常的好斗

These fish are exceptionally quarrelsome
它们必须保护自己的住所

they have to be
一条章鱼

An octopus.
一不小心就进入了怪头鱼的地盘

Inadvertently it's wandered into the fringehead's territory
这是无法容忍的

and that can't be tolerated.
章鱼用特殊的腕足猛戳怪头鱼

The octopus's impressive jab holds the fringehead at bay.
这种行为远非坏脾气所能解释

There is more to this behaviour than being bad-tempered.
想要得到充足的食物，怪头鱼必须守住自己的场子

The fringehead needs to defend its patch if
it is to get enough to eat
章鱼就是个对手

and the octopus was competition.
蟹可不是那么好吞的

Crabs are not the easiest of mouthfuls.
由于生存空间狭小，这里总有不间断的领土纠纷

Because of the shortage of living space there
are constant boundary disputes
特别是和另一条怪头鱼

especially with other fringeheads
这家伙越界了

and this one has got too close.
尽管面对如此夸张的恐吓

Despite the most extravagant threats...
它们都不打算收手

..neither is prepared to back down.
胜利了，然后迅速回到壳里


Success
怪头鱼从来不会放松警惕，因为竞争者实在太多

A fringehead can never drop its guard
有些鱼类则迁移到竞争相对较少的地方

Some
fish
have
moved
to
places
where
they
have
fewer rivals.
弹涂鱼，
一生中大部分时间都在水外度过

A mudskipper a fish that spends most of its life out of
the sea.
它能在地上爬行，呼吸空气

It can walk on land and breathe air.
生活方式和大部分的鱼很不相同

Its life is very different from that of most fish.
一般的鱼偶尔也会出水

A fish out of water maybe
但它们在日本的这个地方却很繁盛

but they thrive here in Japan.
所以，为何作出如此大的改变？

So what's made this upheaval worthwhile?
答案就在泥巴里

The answer lies in the mud.
退潮后，暴露出一片滩涂

As the tide retreats it exposes mudflats.
阳光照耀在肥沃的泥土上，各种小型生物得以繁盛

Sunlight
hits
the
rich
silt
and
tiny
plants
and animals flourish there.
这些都是弹涂鱼的食物

All food for a mudskipper.
但陆上生活并非没有麻烦

But life on land is not without problems
很难找到配偶

it's hard work to find a mate.
从泥滩上高高跃起，可以让自己受到关注

Jumping high above the mud will get you noticed.
弹涂鱼那双长在头顶的双眼

With eyes perched on top of their heads
时刻关注着朋友，警惕着敌人

the mudskippers keep a look out for both friend and foe.
雄性还会同入侵者打斗

And males fight those who intrude on their territory.
它们也要谨防自己被晒干

They must also take care not to dry out in the sun.
在泥浆里打滚能够降温并且保湿

Rolling in the ooze keeps the skin cool and moist.
对这种小动物来说

For this smaller species
退回地下乃是上策

a better option is to retreat underground.
所以它在泥巴里为自己挖好了地道

So he digs himself a tunnel down into the mud.
它洞外堆积的泥巴能显示出挖掘的深度

His heap of spoil is an indication of the extent of his
excavations.
潮水会每天两次淹没地道

With the tide flooding the tunnel twice a day
维修工作比较繁重

maintenance is a real burden.
地道不仅仅是躲避太阳的

The tunnel is more than a refuge from the sun
也有另一种重要的用途

it serves another very important purpose.
地道实际上是
U
型的，末端有个封闭的小室

The tunnel is actually U-shaped and at the far end
is a sealed chamber
墙壁上布满了鱼卵

the walls of which are lined with eggs.
鱼卵保持露天状态，
因为空气中的氧气含量比水中要高

The eggs are kept in air as it's richer in
oxygen than the water.
问题是这里所储存的空气支持不了多久

The problem is the air that's trapped here won't last for
long.
所以雄鱼会游到洞口，吞下新鲜空气

So the male travels to the open end of the tunnel to gulp
fresh air.
再潜回地道将空气吐到孵卵小室里

Back he goes down his tunnel where he releases it into the
egg chamber.
补充卵孵化所需的氧气

Replenishing the oxygen on which the eggs depend.
它会一次又一次地重复这个过程，直到后代孵化出来

He
will
repeat
this
hundreds
and
hundreds of times until his young hatch.
尽管这种生活方式很辛苦

This lifestyle is very demanding
弹涂鱼还是能设法解决每一个问题

yet the mudskipper has found a way around every problem.
海洋里严酷的生活挑战

The harsh challenges of life in the ocean
也迫使另一种鱼离开了大海

have encouraged other fish to leave the sea.
不是去到陆地，而是淡水

Not for land
夏威夷是地球上最偏远的群岛

Hawaii is the remotest island chain on the planet.
这溪流看起来是个鱼类生存的好地方

These pools look the perfect place for a fish to live
独立，没什么竞争和猎食者

secluded and free from competition and predators.
但这里很少有鱼，一个很大的原因是

Yet few contain fish
没有鱼能上游到这里来

Surely no fish could swim up this.
但有一种来自海洋的鱼，下决心要移民到这条溪流

But one fish comes from the ocean
小虾虎鱼，攀岩高手

It's a tiny goby and it's a rock climber.
它的腹鳍呈盘状，像个吸盘

With pelvic fins fused into a disc
小虾虎鱼只需爬过一层薄的“水墙”

all the goby needs is a film of water to climb through.
先锋不一会儿就被其它的追随

The pioneer is soon followed by many others
可能是沿着它的气味

possibly following its scent trail.
它们逆着水流向上爬行

They clamber on
水滴下来如同炸弹

Drops of water fall like bombs.
失误会导致体力的浪费

False leads waste crucial energy.
有些需要休息

Some must rest.
另一些，消耗太多

For others
会在半路上死掉

Many die in their attempt to reach to top.
尽管困难重重，还是有少数能英雄般地到达上面

Against all the odds a few heroic individuals
do make it to the top.
它们为自己找到了一个近乎完美的栖息地

They find themselves in a near-perfect fish habitat...
在那儿，小虾虎鱼能够安宁地生长、繁衍

..where the gobies can feed and grow and breed in
peace.
最后，
它们的后代会被水流冲走，
到达大海

In time their own young will be swept downstream
and out to sea
然后开始新一轮的循环

and the cycle will begin all over again.
淡水给鱼类带来了特殊的挑战

Fresh water presents particular challenges for fish.
春天的淡水中，营养非常稀少

Nutrients can be in very short supply in spring water
所以要找到食物，必须把握住每一个机会

so here fish must take every chance they can to find
food.
雨水落到肯尼亚山上，从岩石中渗出来

The
rain
that
falls
on
these
Kenyan
hills
percolates
through the rocks.
最终形成一个个清澈的水池

Finally emerging as crystal clear pools.
是很多鱼类的家，包括鲃鱼

Pools that are home to fish including barbel.
鲃鱼和很多其它的生物在此共存

The fish share these waters with all sorts of creatures...
包括河马

..including hippopotamus.
这些巨大的素食者对鱼类没有威胁

These giant vegetarians are no threat to the fish
事实上，它们是鱼儿在此生存的关键

in fact they're key to their survival here.
河马们经过陆地上一夜的饱餐

After a night of grazing on land
返回到凉爽的水塘里呆上几小时

to spend the daylight hours in the cooling waters.
鲃鱼们前来迎接

And the barbel come to meet them.
每头河马身后一下子就跟来一群鱼

Soon each hippo is trailed by a shoal of fish
等待着开饭呢

waiting for their breakfast.
河马排便

Hippo droppings.
但鲃鱼对河马的粪便并不感兴趣

But it's not just the hippo's dung the fish are interested in.
当河马来到水池里合适的地点后

When the hippos reach one particular spot in the pool
它们便站着不动，等待

they stand still and wait.
鲃鱼们开始清除它们身上的

And the fish start to clean them...
虱子、寄生虫以及可口的碎屑

..removing ticks
对鲃鱼来说，河马就像是个移动餐厅

To the fish the hippos are a mobile cafeteria.
河马们看起来很享受呢

The hippos seem to be enjoying the sensation.
唯一能打断这场宴会的

The only thing that interrupts the feast
是河马必须浮出水面呼吸

is the need to take an occasional breath.
给河马清洁皮肤只是开胃菜

Cleaning the hippo's skin was just the hors d'oeuvre.
现在到了正餐环节

Now it's time for the main course.
所以，除了帮助治疗皮肤病

So
鲃鱼还是河马的口腔医生

the fish look after the hippos' dental hygiene.
这种方式对双方都有利

It's an arrangement that suits both parties.
但有可能鲃鱼们获利更多

But perhaps it is the fish that are the overall winners.
因为，在河马的帮助下

For
它们能吃到那些本来遥不可及的

the abundant vegetation that would otherwise be beyond their
reach
生长在水池旁边陆地上的东西

growing around their pool
很明显，提供清洁服务是混口饭吃的好办法

Providing a cleaning service is clearly a good way
of getting a meal.
在海洋里，也有时需要清理服务

And there is cleaning to be done in the sea as well.
这种濑鱼的生活主要集中于清除其它鱼身上的寄生虫

The
life
of
this
wrasse
is
centred
on
removing parasites from other reef fish...
包括

食肉杰克

（译者自命名）

..including predatory jacks.
通常他们能一口吞下这样的小鱼

Normally they would snap up such a little fish
但它们有明确的关系

but this is an established relationship
双方都明白游戏规则

and both sides know the rules.
由于食肉杰克太多，而濑鱼很少

With so many jacks and only a few wrasse in attendance
并非所有的都能得到清理

not all the jacks are going to get cleaned.
这里的生物也引来了其它猎食者

But all this life attracts other predators.
银鲨

Silvertip sharks.
珊瑚礁能给小鱼提供庇护

The reef provides shelter for the smaller fish
食肉杰克依然暴露

but the jacks remain exposed.
这样或许有了机会

Yet this may be a chance
食肉杰克们可以解决清理问题

for the jacks to solve their cleaning problem.
T
它们觅得时机

They've spotted an opportunity.
银鲨的皮肤就像砂纸

Sharks have skin like sand paper.
从鲨鱼的侧边撞过去

And bumping into the sharks' flanks
能够帮助食肉杰克清除掉身上的寄生虫和死皮

helps
the
jacks
to
rid
themselves
of
parasites
and dead skin.
也许它们发现这种清洁方法比濑鱼还要有效

Perhaps
the
jacks
find
this
a
more
effective
alternative to the cleaner fish.
不久就有一群食肉杰克尾随着鲨鱼

And soon swarms of jacks pursue the sharks.
都跑过来蹭几下痒痒

All itching to have a scratch.
这种行为无疑让鲨鱼很烦恼

Unsurprisingly all this attention bothers the sharks
它们掉头游向深水区

and they head back to the blue water
使得珊瑚礁居民的生活回复了宁静

leaving the residents of the reef to resume life as normal.
珊瑚礁是地球上最富饶的生物栖息地

Coral reefs are the richest habitats on Earth.
毫不意外的是

It's not surprising that
这么多种不同动物紧密地生活在一起

with so many different kinds of animals living so closely
together
必然会演化出一些特殊的种间关系

some extraordinary relationships have evolved.
小丑鱼，没有自卫能力的珊瑚礁居民

A clownfish
看起来选了个糟糕的生活场所

It seems to have picked a tough place to live
在海葵的触手之间

amongst the tentacles of a sea anemone.
每支触手都有毒刺，可以杀死一条鱼

Each tentacle is armed with paralysing stings that can kill
a fish.
但小丑鱼完全不受影响

Yet the clown fish are totally immune.
这一组合，海葵就像城堡

For this pair
只要它们呆在海葵周围，就很安全

So long as they stay surrounded by the tentacles
它们也在这里产卵

and so this is where they choose to lay their eggs.
经过仔细的地点选择

After carefully selecting the site
它们开始清扫表面

work begins on preparing the surface.
两条鱼分担工作

Both fish share in the labour
然后由较大的雄鱼决定是否就绪

though it's the larger female who decides when all is ready.
一行行的小鱼卵被黏附在岩石上，然后受精

Lines and lines of tiny eggs are stuck to the rock
and then fertilised.
这些卵很靠近海葵，所以比较安全

They're laid so close to the anemone they will be safe.
接下来的七天，它们会得到始终如一的照顾

And
for
the
next
seven
days
they'll
receive
constant care...
大部分来自鱼爸爸

..much of which is provided by the male.
它看起来如此担心那些卵，是有原因的

His
seemingly
obsessive
concern
for
the
eggs
is
for
good reason.
鱼卵在海葵丛中并不十分安全

His position in the anemone is far from secure.
雌鱼关注着它的一举一动

The female watches his every move
她掌控着这里，如果雄鱼的努力不符合她的要求

she's
in
charge
here
and
if
his
efforts
don't
match up
她就会赶走他

to her standards
排队候补的是一群半大的小丑鱼

In line to take over are a host of immature clown fish...
每一个都伺机取而代之

..each waiting to move up the hierarchy.
对雄鱼来说，得到雌鱼偏爱的最好方法

For the male the best way to stay in the female's favour
就是好好照顾鱼卵

is by lavishing care on the eggs.
所以它集中精力，
使它们保持清洁、
健康

So he focuses all his efforts on keeping them clean and
healthy.
卵发育很快，不久就能看见它们跳动的小心脏

The
eggs
grow
rapidly
and
soon
their
tiny
beating hearts are visible.
看起来它干得不错

It seems he's done a good job.
小丑鱼可以躲进海葵里休息了

Clown fish can hide away within an anemone.
但大多数的鱼没这个办法

But most fish don't have this option.
有一些，它们逃离危险的唯一途径

For some
就是躲进一大群

is by hiding amongst their own kind...
同类中

..in shoals.
尽管很挤，但没一条凤尾鱼跑出来

Packed close together
通过感官对同伴的行动做出迅速反应

By sensing and reacting to the movements
它们可以做到“千鱼一律”

of their immediate neighbours
对捕食者来说，从中挑出一条，几乎是不可能的

For a predator
团结就是力量

The shoal's unity is its strength.
尽管每条鱼的动机都是利己的

Yet each fish is acting from selfish motives.
通过整体行动，鱼群使得海狮如此迷惑

Moving together
它们只得离开，去别处寻找小的、不这么狡猾的目标

that they leave to look elsewhere for a
smaller
鱼群整体击败了海狮

The sheer size of the shoal defeated the sea lions
但有的鱼可以挫败这种战术

but there are fish that can overcome such strategies.
南非海域

Off the coast of South Africa
这群沙丁鱼被一条锯齿鲨尾随

this huge shoal of sardines is shadowed by a ragged tooth shark.
其它鲨鱼也加入了“护航”

Other sharks join the menacing escort.
这群鱼被一股冷流逼进了浅水区

The shoal has been driven into the shallows by a cold ocean
current.
这就给了鲨鱼们机会

And this gives the sharks an opportunity.
几百条鲨鱼就位

Hundreds have moved into position.
鲨鱼有特殊的感官，能侦测出

Sharks have a special sense
猎物移动时发出的电信号

the electrical signals their prey gives off when it moves.
这就是使它们占优势的第六感

It's a sixth sense that can give them an edge.
但现在成千上万条鱼挤在浅水区

But
with
hundreds
of
thousands
of
fish
crammed
into
the
shallows
鲨鱼就只能依靠自己的速度和敏捷

the sharks now need only rely on their speed and agility.
一旦第一条鲨鱼开始认真捕猎

As the first shark starts to hunt in earnest
一场狂乱的盛宴爆发了

a feeding frenzy breaks out.
鱼群的防线开始削弱

The shoal's defences are weakened
这里没有足够的空间来迂回

there isn't enough space to manoeuvre.
鲨鱼可以吞下它们

And the sharks can gorge themselves.
尽管伤亡很多

Despite the casualties
但鱼群太过庞大，鲨鱼造成的影响其实非常微小

the shoal is so vast that the sharks have little
effect on its size.
鱼类不仅以群体方式进行防御

Fish not only come together in great shoals for defence
还会在生命中的另一些关键时刻

but at other critical times in their lives
比如它们排卵

when they're ready to spawn.
这事情只会发生在每年的那几天

These events only occur for a few days each year.
真鳍蓝雕通常独立生活，但它们从伯利兹城海岸

Snapper are normally solitary
远道而来，聚集在一起

from hundreds of miles away to gather off the coast of Belize.
沿着这块礁石，真鳍蓝雕形成一个巨大的群体

Along this one reef
60
米水下，有着阴森、冰冷的感觉

60 metres down
但马上就要热闹起来

But things are about to hot up.
月圆之夜，潮水刚好

It's the evening of the full moon
一大群鱼从海底蹿升

A great column of fish leaves the bottom.
上升途中，一小部分从鱼群中冲出

As they rise through the water
雌鱼在前排卵，雄鱼在后面紧追

Each burst is led by a female
排出卵后，雄鱼将精子与之混合

As she sheds her eggs
由于它们聚集时已同期发情

By synchronising the time when they gather together
产卵时，参与的鱼能够达到最大数量

the
maximum
numbers
of
fish
can
join
in
this
mass
spawning.
数百万的受精卵被释放

Millions of fertilized eggs are released
汇入了洋流

cast into the ocean currents...
直接进入危险的世界

..and straight into a dangerous world.
鲸鲨，地球上最大的鱼

Whale sharks
每一条鲸鲨可重达
10
吨

Each shark might weigh ten tonnes
但它们却吃极为微小的生物，如真鳍蓝雕的卵

yet they feed on the tiniest creatures
生命的被创造、延续、被消灭

Life is being created
在一次大事件里同时发生

in one huge event.
生存斗争，全都浓缩在了这一时刻

The struggle for life
海洋是危险的生存之地

The oceans are perilous places to live
鱼类已进化出非常特殊的方法以求生存

yet fish have developed the most extraordinary means
for survival.
它们惊人的多样性，亿万年的进化成果

Their astounding diversity
使它们获得成功

of evolution
统治着目前我们自己还无法占据的栖息地

Dominating
the
one
habitat
that
we
have
so
far
failed to make our own.
水下拍摄给
Life
制作组带来了各种各样的困难

Filming
under
water
raised
all
sorts
of
problems for the Life team.
他们在氧气瓶里的气体用完之前

Not least of which was that they were only able to experience
只能短暂体验一下这个水下世界

the underwater world for as long as the air on their backs or in
their lungs held out.
但三年来，制作组非常有幸地拍下了

But
over
three
years
the
team
were
lucky
enough
to
capture on film
一些鱼类非同寻常的精彩瞬间

some extraordinary moments in the lives of fish.
墨西哥尤卡坦半岛海域

The waters off the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico
是旗鱼富饶的猎食场所

are a rich hunting ground for Sailfish.
摄影师
Rick Rosenthal Cameraman Rick Rosenthal
和海钓队长
Anthony Mendillo
合作

has teamed up with sport fishing Captain Anthony Mendillo
试图拍下这些奇异生物的猎食场面

to
try
and
film
the
hunting
behaviour
of
these
amazing
animals.
鱼来了！

It's fish!
食鱼鸟带领他们找到了旗鱼

Feeding birds lead them to the sailfish.
在这儿，在这儿呢

Right here.
在它们的宴会结束前，快速赶到并且下水

Getting to the bait balls and into the water quickly is
key
是非常关键的

before the feast is consumed.
准备

Get ready.
都抓紧了！

Everybody hang on.
我们下水吧，下，下

Let's go swimming
去那里

Go on get in there.
让
Rick
赶快是没错的

It's all very well telling Rick to hurry
这群鱼能游出时速
60
英里以上

but these fish are capable of swimming at over 60 miles an hour.
想跟上它们非常困难

Just keeping up with them is hard enough.
正好进入它们中间是很必要的

Getting right in amongst the action is vital
但是
Rick
还必须尽量不要打扰到它们

but Rick has to try to avoid becoming part of it.
体长接近一米，以刀锋一样的速度破水前进

Bills nearly one metre long
是极速竞赛的保证

are guaranteed to get the heart racing.
Rick
绷紧神经

But Rick holds his nerve
旗鱼在他面前逐一地干掉一条条的沙丁鱼

as the sailfish pick off sardine after sardine right in
front of him.
就在这一切开始时，就差不多结束了

Almost as soon as it started
今天这真是一场野性的盛宴

That was a wild feed show out there today.
非常狂野

Really wild.
那里应该有
50
条旗鱼

Must have been 50 sailfish if there was...
49
条吧，非常具有侵略性，极度饥饿，每条都在行动

Or 49
我必须不停地把摄影机转啊，转啊，转啊??

and I had to just keep kicking and kicking and
kicking
以便跟上节奏

and kicking and kicking and kicking to keep in the action
因为不一会儿，沙丁鱼就被吃光了

because after a while the sardine patch was eaten up
只剩下一些残肢碎片，结束了

to just a little sliver and then it was over.
在加勒比海另一边
2000
英里外

Nearly 2
另一小组正在进行另一种拍摄

another crew is taking a slightly different approach.
他们打算拍摄飞鱼

They are trying to film flying fish.
摄制组在拂晓时乘
Hog Snapper
号渔船出发

The team sets out at dawn on the Hog Snapper
这里的条件比墨西哥那边的渔船要糟糕的多

Conditions
are
in
stark
contrast
to
the
gleaming
sport fishing boat in Mexico.
这是
Doug
，他准备好了，看

There's Doug he's ready for action
他们希望借助本地人的经验，将他们适时地带到合适的地点

They
are
hoping
to
use
a
local
fisherman's expertise to put them in the right place at the right time.
是，收到，你们那里有食物

Yeah
晚餐、午餐和早餐

You catching dinner
这只船不大，组员的卧室现在成了厨房

It's
not
a
big
boat
and
the
crew's
bedroom
has
now
become the kitchen.
今天早餐你们吃煎咸肉和煎鸡蛋

We're having fried bacon and fried egg this morning.
煎咸肉和煎鸡蛋

Fried bacon and fried eggs.
我受过厨师训练??

I'm the trainee chef and I don't...
所以我不必要穿白色雨靴

So I don't get to wear the white wellies.
与其在海面上到处追寻它们

Rather than racing around the ocean chasing the action
飞鱼摄制组干脆

the flying fish team have to sit it out
坐等飞鱼来找他们

and wait for the fish to come to them.
飞鱼在水里是分散生活的

Flying fish will spawn onto debris in the water
组员们绑了根棕榈叶在船后

and the team tie on to a floating palm frond
确保飞鱼们会聚集着跟过来

to try and make sure they're close by in case the action begins.
果然，他们没等太久

And sure enough
水面下聚集了成千上万条飞鱼

Thousands of fish have massed below the surface
它们都在追逐棕榈叶

all intent on reaching the frond.
飞鱼们并不只是将卵排到棕榈叶上

And the frond is not the only thing
（还弄到摄影师身上）

that they're trying to lay their eggs on.
鱼卵的重量将叶子压沉

The weight of the eggs sinks the palm frond
然后产卵结束，拍摄工作也结束了

and puts an end to the spawning and to the crew's filming.
好了，看起来这就是我们想要的

Well
一切顺利

Everything was right.
光线好，蓝色的水

The light was right
四吨多的飞鱼都发狂了

the four tonnes of flying fish all going mental.
多谢，
Barry




别客气

Thanks
但现在，飞鱼的注意力转向了更大的家伙

But now the fish's attention is
turned to something
bigger.
它们直接朝船上排卵

Their spawning directly onto the boat.
Barry
很担心，提起了一大片鱼卵

Barry is worried as he drags up a huge sheet of eggs.
得把它弄起来，查看一下

Gotta bring it on the boat and check it out.
我五分钟前已经把这个清理干净了，对吧

I cleaned this off like five minutes a go. Right?
现在的问题是，这里的飞鱼太多了

Right now the problem is this
太多了，我们周围

Too many...around us.
如果我们在这里抛锚过夜，灯开着

If we moor through the nights with the lights on and stuff
会引来越来越多的飞鱼，它们会将卵排在船体上

more
and
more
will
keep
coming
and
what
they're doing is they're actually laying on the boat now
就是说船将成为它们的目标，
这可不妙

so the boat has become their object and that is not good.
简单的说，你是在担心，如果我们呆在这里

So basically you're worried that if we just stay on
this drift
船可能会沉

we're gonna sink the boat.
五小时后，是的，船后面会增重
3000
磅

Five hours from now that'll 3
这会把船弄沉的

In the back here
好的，我们得离开这里

OK
是的，此地不宜久留

Yeah
仅仅五分钟，就产了这么多卵

Just five minutes of spawning has produced this.
制作组没得选择，只能撤

The team have no option but to move on.
接着的一天，得又一次地寻找飞鱼

The next day the search for flying fish begins all over again.
这一次，
制作组想拍摄飞鱼们最有名的行为

This time the team want to film the fish doing what
they're famous for.
我们已经拍到了它们产卵的精彩画面

We've got some lovely shots from the spawning
现在，真正的难点是让它们飞起来

but now the really hard bit of trying to get them flying.
将会是很好的挑战

Gonna be
鱼就在周围，但对拍摄来说太远了

The fish are around
它们今早的行为令人印象深刻

The action is impressive this morning
捉摸不定，很难忘，但是太远了

unpredictable but impressive but it's distant
并不在船附近

it's not happening next to the boat today.
它们要么是被追赶，要么是随意的，看！

They're
either
being
chased
off
or
they're
just
not
interested. Look!
看，都跳起来了

Look
Ay
接下来一天，组员们决定用别的方法

The next day the crew decides to try a different approach.
好了，我们走吧

All right
现在他们到了目的地

Now they're just where they need to be
但正好处在了火线上

but it puts them directly in the firing line.
我猜是这只

I guess that's one!
尽管被撞到，他们的策略是值得的

Despite being bombarded
太奇妙了，我们在小船上呆了很长时间

That was amazing
最后的两小时，我们都累了

But the last two hours were just off the scale.
我们被一次又一次地撞上

We were just getting shot after shot. We need...
等不及去大的监视器上观看，但感觉好极了

Can't wait to watch it on the big monitor but it felt
really good.
Doug
说的对

And Doug is right
成功了

it worked.
飞鱼飞到了空中

Flying fish taking to the air and flying.
放慢
40
倍

Slowed down 40 times.
通过和经常捕鱼的人合作

By working with people more used to catching fish than filming them
Life
制作组能以一个独特的视角

the Life team have been able to gain a unique insight
探知鱼类的隐秘世界

into the hidden world of fish.
生命进化史函授海报上的免费电话

For your free Open University Tree of Life poster call...
或登陆我们的网站

..or visit the website.
第五集：鸟类

1.5
亿年前

One 150 million years ago
就在恐龙达到它们繁盛时期时

as dinosaurs approached their golden age
有一类生物却朝着一个全新的方向演化

one group evolved along new and revolutionary lines.
尽
管
仍
然
保
留
着
某
些
爬
行
动
物
的
特
征

Although
they
retained
many
of
their
reptilian
characteristics
但它们已经具备全新的

they acquired extraordinary new ones...
羽毛

..feathers.
羽毛帮助保温、隔热

Feathers helped with insulation
展示（鸟类都爱秀）

and display.
但羽毛能提供更有价值的东西

But they offered something far more valuable.
飞翔的力量

The power of flight.
对鸟来说，这改变了一切

And for birds
鸟类在空中享有自由，比其它任何动物都跑得更快、更远

Birds have the freedom of the skies
能在地球每一个角落获得机会

and to seize opportunities in all corners of the planet.
但鸟类也必须在生命中的一些关键时刻

But this freedom brings many survival challenges
应付由这种自由带来的生存挑战

which birds must tackle at pivotal moments in their lives.

飞翔需要极高的技巧和力量

Flying demands enormous skill and effort
秘鲁安第斯山麓，没哪里比在这里更明显了

and nowhere is that more evident than here
这只雌性蜂鸟能在吸食花蜜时，稳稳地悬停在空中

This
female
hummingbird
hovers
with
precision in her quest for nectar.
它翅膀和尾巴的构造，能让它朝任何方向飞

Her wing and tail design allow her to fly in any
direction.
但雄性在飞翔时却有问题

But the male has a real problem flying.
这是由于

And this is why
它被两根超长的尾羽所压，
就像绑着两个沉重的盘

he's weighed down with two super-long tail
feathers
这就是不可思议的凤尾蜂鸟

This is the marvellous spatuletail hummingbird.
这两根长羽毛也是它吸引异性的招牌

and these are his flags with which to seduce a mate.
来回地舞动它们要花费很多的气力

Waving them back and forth takes a lot of effort
即使是在舒适的栖息场所

even from the comfort of his perch
但为了赢得她的芳心，它必须一直努力

but to win her heart he's got to go up a gear.
必须证明自己是多么善于飞翔，
即便这是件苦差

He must show her how well he can fly but it's
exhausting work.
由于非常辛苦，它只能腾空几秒钟

It's so demanding he can only stay airborne for a matter of
seconds
然后休息一下

before he needs a rest.
它努力想打动她，作出最后一次尝试

He's struggling to impress her
由于极度的耗费体力，
蜂鸟只进行短暂的爆发式的飞行

The extreme effort and energy needed
to hover means hummingbirds can only fly in short
但大部分的鸟需要在空中停留很长时间

But most birds need to stay airborne for considerably
longer
必须找到更为节省体力的方式

and must find far more energy-efficient ways to get around.
在埃塞俄比亚的
Simien
山脉

Here in the Simien mountains of Ethiopia
海拔
15000
英尺的地方

at a breathtaking altitude of 15000 feet
生活着一种空中大师

lives a supreme aerial maestro.
髭兀鹰

The lammergeier.
这头幼鹰乘着从山谷升上来的气流滑翔

This
youngster
glides
on
air
currents
rising
from
the
mountain slopes below.
它长达
9
英尺的翼展，能带它每天飞行几百英里

His
nine-foot
wingspan
can
carry
him
hundreds of miles a day
寻找动物的尸体，却花费极少的力气

in search of animal carcasses
它警惕着其它的空中拾荒者，如这只狮鹫

He watches out for other airborne scavengers
它们与它在悬崖上造成了一些混乱，或许是个进食的机会

They lead him to some commotion
on the cliffs
但这头幼鹰并非唯一发现这个机会的

But this youngster is not the only lammergeier to spot the
opportunity.
这头成年鹰也有份

So too has this adult.
秃鹫们很快将尸体吃光了

The vultures quickly strip the carcass clean.
看起来它太晚了，实际上抵达时间刚好

It seems he's too late. But in fact he's timed his arrival
perfectly.
一丁点儿肉都不剩

There's no meat left
这正是髭兀鹰所期待的时刻

and
that's
exactly
the
moment
that
the

lammergeier
has
been
waiting for.
它图的是那些骨头

It's bones he's after.
年幼的髭兀鹰也来到这具尸体

The young lammergeier too homes in on the carcass.
骨头富含骨髓和油脂

Bones contain rich marrow fat
但要得到它们并不容易

but extracting it is not easy
尤其是骨头重达
4
公斤，
很坚硬，
无法吞下

especially when the bone is a solid four kilos and too
big to swallow.
但
是
髭
兀鹰
有
一
种
奇
特
的
方
法
，这
多
亏
它
们
的
飞
行
技
能
But
lammergeiers
have
an
extraordinary solution
将骨头抓起，乘着热气流飞起来

Soaring
up
on
thermal
air
currents
and
positioning
the
bone
parallel
它很快就爬到了一个完美的高度

to his body to minimize drag
从这里滑翔至一个合适的地方

From here he glides to a place he knows
让它可以处理骨头

where he can deal with the bone
那里悬崖边上，有一块巨大的石板

where
there
are
giant
rock
slabs
sit
on
the
lip
of
an
escarpment.
骨头撞碎了

The bone is smashed.
它的胃液酸性比蓄电池里的液体还要高

The
juices
in
his
stomach
are
more
corrosive
than
battery acid.
能够溶解骨头，以便消化吸收骨髓

They
dissolve
the
bone
so
that
he
can
now
digest
the
marrow.
其它的则过来寻找剩下的

Others come looking for leftovers.
但它们时机不好

But their timing isn't ideal
因为现在轮到幼年髭兀鹰了

because now the young lammergeier has his turn!
它们最好服从领导

They'd better mind their heads!
熟练地丢骨头需要不断地练习

Proficient bone smashing takes endless practice
找到最佳的高度、速度和松手时机

to find just the right height
髭兀鹰有宽大的翅膀

Lammergeiers have long
能以最大的效率滑翔很远

ideal for gliding great distances with maximum efficiency.
但在加勒比海的小多巴哥岛上

But on the island of Little Tobago in the Caribbean
生活着一种对飞行敏捷程度要求更高的鸟

lives
a
bird
for
whom
aerial
agility

is
of
paramount importance.
红嘴热带鸟

The red-billed tropicbird.
短小而尖的翅膀给了它们灵活性和速度

Short
在繁育期，它们的飞行技巧遇到了终极挑战

During the breeding season
当一方照看幼鸟时，另一方必须外出

While one parent looks after the chick
远离崖壁，在水面捕捉小鱼和小乌贼

far offshore
但最困难的是将食物送回来，因为它们与强盗为临

But the hardest part is getting food back to
the island
强壮的军舰鸟

Magnificent frigatebirds
人称鸟中战士，在高空巡视

known as Man O' War birds
这些海盗并不杀死热带鸟

These pirates are not trying to kill the tropicbird
但会逼迫它们放弃到嘴的食物

but force it to give up its catch.
这是一场激烈的空战

It's an aerial dogfight.
热带鸟在转弯时更快

Tropicbirds are quicker on the turn.
军舰鸟的身体比例非常完美

Frigates have exceptionally lightweight bodies
超长的翼展给了它们巨大的力量

and their extremely long wings give them great power.
成功了

Success.
它们最喜欢在后面从高处袭击

A favourite attack is from behind
鱼在那儿

There goes the fish -
另一个胜利

another victory.
这只小热带鸟仍然在等待

This tropicbird chick still awaits the return of its parent
正在遭受海盗打劫的亲人的归来

who has yet to run the gauntlet of the pirates.
尽量接近海面是它最好的选择

Keeping close to the waves is his best chance.
军舰鸟的羽毛里含油很少

Frigatebirds have so little oil in their feathers
它们不敢落在水面

they can't risk ditching.
如果它刚好能赶到崖壁，就安全了

If he can just reach the cliffs he'll be safe.
它做到了，带回满嘴的鱼

He's made it
红嘴热带鸟依靠敏捷度极高的飞行

Red- billed tropicbirds rely on extreme aerial agility

克服了生活中的许多挑战

to overcomethe many challenges of their life.
对另一些鸟来说，生存需要忍耐力

For others
每个春天，红腹滨鹬

Every spring
会从阿根廷的越冬场所飞行
10000
英里到加拿大的筑巢地点

fly 10
完成这种马拉松式旅程的唯一方法

The only way they complete this marathon journey
是要在位于美国东海岸的特拉华海湾

最为奇妙的是，在找到这个地点的同时

What is most extraordinary is that as well as having to
find their way
它们必须在抵达时机上也要恰到好处

to this one location
它们同海水深处的一种史前生物有个约会

They
have
a
rendezvous
with
prehistoric
creatures
emerging from the deep
近
2.5
亿年来一直没变

which have hardly changed in 250 million years.
它们在每年春潮最高时蜂拥而至

They come ashore in greatest numbers on the highest spring
tides.
鲎


Horseshoe crabs.
鲎在这里产卵

The crabs are here to lay their eggs.
这也是红腹滨鹬们所追寻的

That's what the knots are after.
大多数的卵被埋起来吃不到

Most eggs are buried out of reach
但有些卵意外地被其它的鲎挖出来了

but some are accidentally dug up by other crabs.
绝大部分的西大西洋红腹滨鹬加入了这场疯狂地宴会

Most
of
the
west
Atlantic
red
knot
population join this feeding frenzy.
这是红腹滨鹬重新储存脂肪的关键几周

In a matter of weeks the knots need to rebuild their fat
reserves
体重倍增

and double in weight.
为了达成指标，每只红腹滨鹬要吃掉
40
万只卵

To achieve this
这对每次只能吞下一只的它们来说，是个离谱的数字

a
tall
order
given
the
skill
and
effort
needed to swallow just one.
埋头不停地进食，意味着很难防范天敌

Head down
游隼

A peregrine falcon.
产完卵后，鲎离开了海岸

With egg laying complete
红腹滨鹬会吃掉所有它们能找到的卵

these
shores
while
the
knots
gather
every
last
egg
they
can find.
鸟儿们该上路了

It's time for the birds to move on.
接下来它们会有个
2000
英里的无间歇飞行

The knots still have a further 2
最终到达加拿大的繁育场所

to reach their breeding grounds in Canada.
飞翔给了鸟类很多优势，但这也有句点

Flight gives birds many advantages
当它们必须回到地面时

when they are forced back down to Earth.
繁育期

The nesting season.
这是它们最为冒险的时期

This is the time when they are at most risk
所以它们必须寻找尽可能安全的地方

so they must find the safest possible location.
极少有像火烈鸟这样极端的

Few go to greater extremes than lesser flamingos.
它们在非洲偏僻的盐碱湖筑巢

They nest in the remotest corners of Africa's caustic soda lakes.
就像它们的爬行类祖先，所产的卵是不透水的

Like their reptilian ancestors
尽管如此，火烈鸟依旧

Despite this
将巢穴筑在湖水淹不到的特殊的泥堆上

on
special
mud-stack
nests
as
the
lake
is
prone
to
flooding.
这里也会凉爽一些

It's also just a little cooler up here.
地表温度可能会高到
50
摄氏度

Temperatures at ground level can reach a blistering 50 degrees
Centigrade.
幼鸟孵出后，会在巢里呆上六天

Once a chick hatches
这也是它们最脆弱的时候

This is when it's at its most vulnerable -
完全依赖父母

totally reliant on its parents.