desire是什么意思视听进阶4 答案及文本 Unit (10)

2021年1月26日发(作者：borg)
Unit 10
Warming Up
1. Medications and medical treatments have lengthened the average lifespan; changes
in communication and transportation have linked the world more closely.
2. Answers will vary, but may include the causes and cures of some diseases, whether
life exists in other galaxies, how to predict seismic events.

3. Answers will vary.

10A



The Science of Small
Before You Listen
From upper left to lower right: proton, quark, gluon



Part One
A.
1. b
2. d
3. a
4. a
5. c
B.
1. 100; 300

2. September 10, 2008
3.1986; 1979
4. 57



Part Two
1.

Because a machine of this incredible size and power can be dangerous.
2.

Black holes are unimaginably dense points in space whose gravity is so strong it
can pull in entire planets or even stars crushing them to the size smaller than a pea.
3.

They argue collisions just like those that will take place in the LHC have taken
place daily on the surface of the Earth for billions of years.
4.

To refute cynics who say the LHC project is of no practical use and a waste of
money, and to prove how discoveries in physics have already benefited humanity.
5.

He
thinks
the
LCH
represents
how
human
beings
constantly
try
to
understand
things, which is
the fundamental
difference between human beings and other living
things.

After You Listen
A.
1.

China
has
overtaken
US
as
the
country
with
the
most
internet
users
in
the
world

2.

(has) laid the foundation for modern physics


3.

prudent to seek consent also from the patient's parents

4.

is the worst scenario I can think of


5.

the intellectual property of what they prepare for us and teach us
B.
Answers will vary.

The Great Atom Smasher




(Part One)
文本

If you were to dig a hole 100 meters (300 feet) down from the center of the charming
French
village
of
Crozet,
you'd
find
yourself
in
a
strange,
brightly
lit
tunnel
three
meters
(ten
feet)
in
diameter
and
27
kilometers
(17
miles)
long,
forming
a
perfect
circle. Every few kilometers, the tunnel opens up into large rooms full of heavy steel
structures, pipes, wires, magnets, and lots of other equipment.
Although workers and scientists sometimes ride bicycles around the tunnel, this is no
traffic tunnel. It is the largest and most complicated scientific instrument ever built,
and it was made with a simple but ambitious goal: to figure out what the universe is
made
of.
Called
the
Large
Hadron
Collider
(LHC),
the
machine
sends
particles
zooming around its circle, moving near the speed of light. At chosen points, these fast
moving
particles
collide
head
on.
Scientists
can
then
analyze
the
collisions
to
get
information about matter, energy, and the universe.
The project will cost billions of dollars, and most of the engineering is being done by
European companies. Many scientists feel it has made Europe dominant once again in
physics
research,
overtaking
the
United
States.
According
to
J
黵
gen
Schukraft,
an
LHC project supervisor,
go from
Europe to the States
definitely
has
reversed.
September
10,
2008,
the
LHC's
first
experiment
was
successful
when
a
beam
of
particles
called
protons
was
sent
completely
around
the
path in the tunnel. For the people who built the machine, the launch was a great relief.

center that built the device,
Smallest Things
Scientists
and
even
non-scientists
know
things
today
that
the
great
physicists
of
a
century ago couldn't
have imagined.
For example, physicists in
those days believed
that
the
smallest
things
in
the
universe,
the
foundation
of
all
matter,
were
atoms,
a
word derived from a Greek word meaning
simply not sure what the smallest particle in the universe is.
Atoms
are
made
of
particles
called
protons,
neutrons,
and
electrons.
Protons
and
neutrons
(the

that
give
the
collider
its
name)
are
made
of
even
smaller
particles named quarks and gluons, which have been detected in collider experiments;
experimental proof for the existence of quarks came in 1968 and for gluons in 1979.
To date, 57 particles have been found, challenging theoretical physicists to come up
with a description of reality that includes them all. American physicist Michael Peskin
believes that the LHC will be a great help in finding even more particles.
turn out to be like the 1950s, when we were discovering many new particles and had
no clue about how they fit into a coherent picture.
like
that.
This
is
what
makes
science
fun.
creating
hundreds
of
thousands
of
head-on
particle
collisions
each
second,
physicists
hope
to
reproduce
the
awesome
energies and temperatures of the universe near the time of its theoretical beginning,
the so- called Big Bang. Scientists hypothesize that the Big Bang, a massive explosion,
resulted in our universe. Among questions scientists hope to learn more about is the
riddle of dark matter, the invisible material thought to make up perhaps 80 percent of
the universe. Scientists are also optimistic that experiments in the LHC will reveal an
intriguing
particle
called
the
Higgs
boson,
which
theory
predicts
exists
but
whose
existence
has
never
been
confirmed
in
an
experiment.
The
Higgs
is
thought
to
be
responsible for giving all matter its mass.
A.
Multiple Choice.
Question 1.

How big is the LHC?
Question 2.

Where is the LHC?
Question 3.

What is the goal of building the instrument?
Question 4.

What was the LHC's first experiment?
Question
5.

Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
a
question
scientists
want
to
investigate through experiments using the LHC?


The Great Atom Smasher




(Part Two)
文本


Bigger is Better
To have a chance at achieving these goals, the LHC needed to be built larger than any
previous particle accelerator ever built. By contrast, the first one, made in the early
1930s,
could
fit
in
the
hand
of
its
inventors.
Along
the
LHC's
27-kilometer
circumference are 1,600 massive magnets, most half the length of a basketball court
and weighing 30 tons. To record evidence of the tiniest particles on Earth, detecting
machines
must
be
immense.
The
largest,
called
ATLAS,
has
a
detector
that's
seven
stories tall. The heaviest, known as CMS, is heavier than the Eiffel Tower.
A machine of this incredible size and power can be dangerous, so building the LHC in
a
tunnel
was
prudent.
The
intense
particle
beam
could
drill
a
hole
in
just
about
anything. There are also concerns that the LHC experiments could create unwelcome
discoveries, such as particles and other strange phenomena that could destroy Earth or
even
the
universe.
For
example,
one
nightmare
scenario
is
that
the
collisions
could
pack matter together so tightly that it collapses to form miniature black holes. Black
holes are unimaginably dense points in space whose gravity is so strong it can pull in
entire planets or even stars. The black holes could pull in our entire planet, eventually
crushing it down to a size smaller than a pea.
At
CERN
and
elsewhere,
however,
scientists
feel
that
such
concerns
are
absurd.
A
statement from the American Physical Society explained that collisions just like those
that will take place in the LHC have taken place daily on the surface of the Earth for
billions of years. There, high energy particles zoom in from outer space to smash into
the earth, creating collisions of even higher energy than those in the LHC.
Why Does It Matter?
The cynic might say that there's no practical use for any of this, that there might be
other uses for all the money and brainpower going into these machines. But we live in
a civilization shaped by physics. Computers use microprocessors, devices that would
not
exist
without
the
discoveries
of
modern
physics.
The
World
Wide
Web
was
invented
thanks
to
research
at
CERN
by
computer
scientist
Tim
Berners-Lee.
The
iPod couldn't exist without something called
physicists in the late 1980s without much thought of how it might eventually be used.
Of course, many discoveries in physics have applications that are less beneficial for
humanity. We know, for example, that the forces within an atom are so powerful that,
unleashed and directed against humankind, they can obliterate cities in an instant.

But, beyond just practical uses, the LHC also represents how human beings constantly
try to understand things. Peter Jenni, a Czech scientist who works on the LHC, argues
that the project is important for more fundamental reasons:
a
collection
of
ants.
We
have
intellectual
curiosity.
We
need
to
understand
the
mechanisms of life and the universe.
activities, write the following question on the board.

Has modern physics produced any practical application for daily life? Support
your
answer with examples.

10B



The Threat from Space
Before You Listen
1. crater
2. meteorite

3. astronomer
4. diameter
Listening Comprehension
A.
1. a
2. b
3. d
4. d
5. c
B.
1. 1908




2. 2029

3. 65 million years ago


4. 35 million years ago
5. 1972

6. 1954
After You Listen
A.
1. posed
2. Formerly
3. drawbacks
4. deflected
5. spectacular
B.

Answers will vary.

Target Earth
文本

It was just after 9 p.m. on June 18, 2004, at an observatory in Arizona, U.S.A. David
Tholen,
an
astronomer
from
the
University
of
Hawaii,
was
scanning
the
sky
for
asteroids
when
he
noticed
an
object
headed
in
the
direction
of
Earth.
He
and
his
colleagues
hoped
to
take
a
closer
look
later
that
week
but
were
unfortunately
prevented by rain. By the time astronomers finally got another look at it in December
of that year, they realized they had a problem. The object was a large asteroid, which
they
named
Apophis
after
the
Egyptian
god
of
evil.
Bigger
than
a
sports
arena,
it
comes frighteningly close to
our planet
every few
years. By Christmas, Tholen had
calculated that the chance Apophis
would smash into Earth on April 13, 2029, was
one in 40.
Alarm about the threat started to spread to the public. Then, on December 26, 2004, a
real
catastrophe
struck:
the
Indian
Ocean
tsunami,
which
claimed
hundreds
of
thousands
of
lives.
The
public
forgot
about
Apophis.
Meanwhile,
astronomers
had
found earlier images of the asteroid. The extra data enabled the scientists to calculate
its
orbit,
and
they
discovered
that
it
would
actually
fly
safely
by
Earth
in
2029.
However, this
alarming
scenario started
a race
among scientists
to
find solutions
to
the threat of large objects striking Earth.
Near Misses
Every day, tons of dust from comets and tiny pieces of asteroids burn up in the Earth's
upper atmosphere. Most days, a piece or two of rock or metal, the size of an apple or
bigger,
actually
makes
contact
with
the
earth.
Yet
it's
unlikely
you'll
ever
see
a
meteorite hit the ground, let alone be struck by one. Only one meteorite is known to
have
ever
hit
a
person.
The
rock,
about
the
size
of
a
grapefruit,
bounced
off
Ann
Hodges's radio and hit her as she lay on her sofa near Sylacauga, Alabama, U.S.A., in
November 1954. Somehow, she escaped with only a bruised hip and wrist.
Since then, there have been some spectacular near misses. On
August
10, 1972, an
object around five meters (16 feet) across and weighing 150 tons traveled through the
upper atmosphere. Hundreds of people saw its bright trail that sunny afternoon as it
crossed the sky from Utah to Alberta before flying back out into space. On March 22,
1989,
a
rock
as
big
as
300
meters
across
came
within
several
hundred
thousand
kilometers of Earth, which, in astronomical terms, is uncomfortably close.