none是什么意思【精选】自考英语二第十五单元讲义

2021年1月26日发(作者：toolbox)
Unit15

Text A
Four Minutes That Get Y
ou Hired
面试的秘诀

resume n.
简历

e.g. She sent her resumes to several companies, but didn
’
t even get an interview.
professionalism n.
职业特征，职业作风

morals n.
（
pl
）伦理，道德

likable a.
可爱的，让人喜欢的

consciousness n.
意识
,
知觉
,
自觉
,
觉悟
,
个人思想

competent adj.
有能力的
,
胜任的

authoritative adj.
权威的
,
有权威的
,
命令的

annual n.
一年生植物
,
年刊
,
年鉴
adj.
一年一次的
,
每年的
,
一年生的

influential a.
有影响的

initiate vt.
开始
,
发动
,
传授
v.
开始
,
发起

desperate a.
绝望的，不顾一切的，拼命的

e.g. By then, I was desperate for a holiday.
applicant n.
申请人，请求者
apply v.
申请

apologetic a.
道歉的，辩护的，辩解的

tentative n.
试验
,
假设
adj.
试验性的
,
试探的
,
尝试的
,
暂定的

implore vt.
恳求
,
哀求

narcissism n.
自我陶醉，自恋

comment n.
注释
,
评论
,
意见
vi.
注释
,
评论

e.g.
When
asked
about
his
relationship
with
his
former
secretary,
the
boss
replied
“
No
comment.
”

oppose vt.
反对
,
使对立
,
使对抗
,
抗争
vi.
反对
be opposed to sth.
反对

e.g. His view of the situation is strongly opposed to mine.
care about
在乎

drop by
顺便访问

be bound to do
一定会做，必定会做

e.g. Don
’
t lie to is bound to find out about it.
remark on
评论，谈论


To get the right job
，
learn to make the right impression
要想获得满意的工作，就要学会留下最好的印象

The 28-year-old Bay Stater spent six years working at night while she attended college during the day.

六年来，
28
岁的贝
?
斯黛特白天上大学，晚上工作。

When
she
finally
graduated,
she
wanted
to
get
a
teaching
possession
at
a
nearby
elementary
school
in
Boston.
毕业后她想在波士顿附近的一所小学里谋求一份教书的工作。


She got an interview with the headmaster after sending a resume.

寄出简历之后，她得到了校长给她面试的机会。


“
I noticed a tiny hole in my stockings that morning,
”




那天早晨，我注意到长简袜上有个小洞，

she said.

“
I thought about changing, but I knew I
’
d be late if I did.

她回忆说，
“我想要换一双，但觉得要是换的话，就要迟到了。

By the time I got to the interview, the hole had stretched from my ankle to my knee.

我到达面试地点时，袜子上的小洞从脚踝一直破到了膝盖。


I walked in and immediately apologized for not looking my best.

我进去后，立刻为自己的糟糕形象向校长道歉。


I spent the rest of the time trying to sit in a way that he couldn
’
t see the hole.
”


接下来，我努力坐得让校长看不见这个小洞。
”

The likely teacher didn
’
t get that job.

结果，她想当老师却没有得到这份工作。

In fact, one of her friends told her the headmaster
’
s only comment was:
“
if a person doesn
’
t take the time
to present her best image at an interview, what kind of teacher is she going to be?
”


实际上，她朋友告诉她校长对她的惟一评价是

如果一个人在面试中不花点时间来展示她最好的形象的
话，她会是一个怎样的老师呢
?
First impressions are often lasting ones.

第一印象通常是持久的。

This means that if you
’
re viewed positively within the first four critical minutes, the person you
’
ve met will
likely assume everything you do is positive.

也就是说，如果你在最初的关键四分钟内能给别人留下好印象的话，你 所遇到的这个人就很可能会以为
你做事总能令人满意。

Four minutes! Studies tell us that
’
s the crucial period in which impressions are formed by someone we
’
ve
just met.

四分钟
!
研 究表明，就是在这关键的四分钟内，我们刚刚邂逅的人形成了对我们的印象。

Within only ten seconds, that person will begin to make judgments about our professionalism, social class,
morals and intelligence.

仅仅在十秒中内，他就开始对我们的职业特性、社会阶层、道德品质、智力才能进行判断。

People tend to focus on what they see, on what they hear, and on our actual words.
人们倾向把注意力集中在他们所看见的、所听到的及我们实际说的话上。

Most employers believe that those who look as if they care about themselves are more likely to care about
their jobs.

大多数雇主认为那些看起来似乎在乎自己形象的人更可能在乎自己的工作。

We
know
“
it
’
s what
’
s
inside
that
counts,
”

but
research
shows
that physically
attractive
people
are
generally regarded by employers as more intelligent, likable and creditable.

虽然都知道

内在品质是最重要的

，
然而研究表明，
雇主一般认为外表引人注目的人更有才能、
更惹人喜爱、更值得信赖。


Your goal should be to come across in
the best possible way
–

attractive in the way you dress, in your
gestures and facial expressions and in your speech.
因此，你应该以最亮丽的形象，即用你的着装方式、手势姿态、面部表情、言谈话语来吸引人。

Here
’
s how to make those four crucial minutes count:

下面的一些方法可以让你充分利用这四分钟，成功地达到自己的目标。

Look your best. It signals success.

展示最好的形象。这是成功的信号。


Studies have linked clothing consciousness to higher self- esteem and job satisfaction.

研究表明，一个人的衣着意识是同他较强的自尊心和工作的满意程度成正比的。

Yet many people fail to understand the importance of presenting a professional image.
然而，很多人不了解展示职业形象的重要性。

Forget about personal style.

丢掉个人风格。

At work, your clothes must convey the message that you are competent, reliable and authoritative.

工作中，衣着必须传达出你有能力、可信任、具有权威等信息。

Dress for the job you want, not the job you have.

为想要工作着装，而不是为已有的工作着装。

If you
’
re to have an interview at a company you
’
ve never visited and aren
’
t sure what to wear, send for a
copy of its annual report and study what the employees pictured are wearing, or drop by ahead of time to
see how they dress. < br>如果你要去一家从没去过的公司面试，但不知道穿什么好，向这家公司要一份年度报
告，研究一下 照片上雇员的穿着，或者提前到这家公司去看看他们是怎么穿衣打扮的。

Monitor your body language.
控制身体语言。

How you move and gesture will greatly influence an interviewer
’
s first impression of you.

你的一举一动都会在很大程度上影响面试者对你的印象。

In an influential study of communications, psychologist Albert Mehrabian discovered that seven percent of
any message about our feelings and attitudes comes from the words we use, 38 percent from our voice, and
a surprising 55percent from our facial expressions.

在一项影响深远的关于交往的研究中，
心理学家阿尔伯特
?
梅赫拉比恩发现：
7
％的情感和态度的信息来自
说话时用的词语，
38
％来自声音，令人吃惊的是，
55
％的来自面部表情。

In fact, when our facial expression or tone of voice conflicts with our words, the listener will typically put
more weight on the nonverbal message.

实际上，面部表情或语调同话语矛盾时，听者通常更注重非语言信息。

To make your first encounter a positive one, start with a firm handshake.

为了第一次面试成功，握手要坚定有力。

If the interviewer doesn
’
t initiate the gesture, offer your hand first.

如果面试者没有主动和你握手，那么你就先伸出手来。

Whenever you have a choice of seats, select a chair beside his or her desk, as opposed to one across from it.

如果有可能选择座位，就坐在他桌旁的椅子上，而不要坐在他桌子的对面。

If you must sit facing the desk, shift your chair slightly as you sit down, or angle your body in the chair so
you
’
re not directly in front of your interviewer.

如果必须坐在桌子对面，那么坐 下时，稍微移一下椅子，或者改变一下身体的角度，这样就不会直接面
对面试者了。

Monitor your body language to make sure you don
’
t seem too desperate for the job, or too eager to please.

控制身体语言，确保你显得并不过分急需这份工作，也不急于迎合别人。

Good eye contact is also important.
良好的目光接触也很重要。

One study found that job applicants who make more eye contact are perceived as more careful, dependable,
confident and responsible.
一项研究发现，
工作申请人使用目光交流越多，
雇主就越 会认为他更认真、
更可靠、
更自信、
更有责任感。

Say what you mean.
表明意图。

Make
the
first
favorable
impression
by
making
your
works
consistent
with
your
body
language
and
appearance.

保持话语同身体语言和面部表情一致，这可以确保你有利的第一印象。

If they are in conflict, your mixed messages are bound to confuse your interviewers.

如果不一致的话，混杂的信息一定会让面试者感到困惑。

Open and close your conversation in a positive tone.

用肯定的语调来开始并结束谈话。

Fox
example,
if
you
’
ve
studied
the
company
’
s
annual
report
–

and
you
should
have!
–

consider
remarking on any great progress the company has made within the past year, or cite an area of company
involvement that interests you.
例如，如果你研究过一家公司的年度报告
--本来就应当这样做
!--
考虑一下对这家公司过去一年取得的重大
成就做做评论， 或提一下有这家公司参与的你感兴趣的领域。

When
you
leave,
summarize
why
you
’
re
the
best
candidate
for
the
job
and
thank
the
person
for
his
interest.

离开时，总结一下为什么你是这一工作的最佳人选并向面试者致谢。

Use a person
’
s name when talking.
谈话时，称呼对方的姓名，

It
’
s the best way to get
–

and keep
–

his or her attention.

这是引起面试者注意并使他记住你最好的方法。

And avoid verbal confusion.
避免语言混乱，

As business consultant Marian Woodall says:
“
Poor communicators tend to talk in paragraphs. Successful
communicators tend to talk in short sentences.
”


商业顾问玛利亚
?
乌德而指出：

不善于交流的人通常成段地讲话，成功的交流者说话时则用简 短的句子。

Ask questions.
提出问题。


Too often when people meet, they feel uncomfortable about what to say after the introductions.

很多时候，人们相遇彼此介绍之后，由于不知道说什么而感到尴尬。

Almost everyone likes to be asked questions, so don
’
t be afraid to be the initiator.




几乎每个人都喜欢别人问自己问题，所以不要害怕成为先开口的人。

Finally, there is the matter of how you speak.

最后，还有一个你怎样说话的问题。

Any voice coach will tell you that you can learn to sound more relaxed and more confident.

声音教练告诉你可以通过学习让自己的声音听起来更放松、更自信。

One good technique is to record your voice on tape.

一个好办法就是把声音录到磁带上。

“
As you play it back, pay attention to voice tones that sound apologetic, tentative, meek or imploring,
”

recommends management and communication consultant Norma Carr-Ruffino.
管理及交流顾问诺玛
?< br>卡尔
?
鲁费纳建议：

回放磁带时，注意那些昕起来充满道歉的、试探性 的、谦恭的
和恳求性的语调。

As Christopher Lasch states in his book The Culture of Narcissism:
“
Nothing succeeds like the appearance
of success,
”


克里斯托弗
?
莱希 在他的《自恋的文化》中指出：

成功的外表预示着成功。

so take advantage of those first four crucial minutes.

因此，好好利用这最初关键的四分钟，

Look your best, speak and move with confidence
–

and the job you want can be yours.

展示最佳的形象，言语行动充满自信
--
这样，你就会得到想要的工作了。


Text B
Bring Your Heart to Work
用心去工作

agitation n.
激动
,
兴奋
,
煽动
,
搅动
agitate v.
煽动，鼓动，宣传

collaboration n.
合作，协作

tactic n.
（常
pl.
）策略，战术

profit n.
利润
,
益处
,
得益
vi.
得益
,
利用
vt.
有益于
,
有利于


assist vt.
援助，帮助
assistance n.
帮助，援助

integrate vt.
使成整体
,
使一体化
,
求
...
的积分
v.
结合
integration n.
结合，综合，集成