大连中考网国富论中英对照 毛琦

2021年1月26日发(作者：杜长天)

That the Division of Labour is limited by the Extent of the Market
论分工受市场范围的限制


AS it is the power of exchanging that give s occasion to the division of labour, so the
extent of
this division must always be limited by the extent of that power, or, in other
words, by the extent of the market.

分 工起因于交换能力，分工的程度，因此总要受交换能力大小的限制，换言之，
要受市场广狭的限制
.

When the market is very small, no person can have any encouragement
to dedicate himself entirely to one employment, for want of the power to exchange all
that
surplus part of the produce of his own labour, which is over and above his own
consumption,for such parts of the produce of other men's labour as he has occasion for.
因为在这种状态下，
他们不能用自己消费不了的自己劳 动生产物的剩余部分，
随
意换得自己需要的别人劳动生产物的剩余部分。


There
are
some
sorts
of
industry,
even
of
the
lowest
kind,
which
can
be
carried
on
nowhere but in a great town.

有些业务，那怕是最普通的业务，也只能在大都市经营


A porter, for example, can find employment and subsistence in no other place.

例如搬运工人，就只能在大都市生活。


A village is by much too narrow a sphere for him; even an ordinary market town is
scarce large enough to afford him constant occupation.

小村落固不待言；即普通墟市，亦嫌过小，不能给他以不断的工作


In the lone houses and
very small
villages
which are scattered about
in
so
desert
a
country as the Highlands of Scotland, every farmer must be butcher, baker and brewer
for his own family. In suc h situations we can scarce
expect to find even a smith, a
carpenter, or a mason, within less than twenty miles of another of the same trade.
散布在荒凉的苏格兰高 地一带的人迹稀少的小乡村的农夫，
不论是谁，
也不能不
为自己的家属兼充屠户、烙面师乃至酿酒人在那种地方，
要在二十哩内找到二个
铁匠、木匠或泥水匠，也不容易。< br>


The scattered families that live at eight or ten miles distance from the nearest of them
must learn to perform themselves a great number of little pieces of work, for which, in
more populous countries, they would call in the assistance of those workmen.
离这班工匠至少有八九哩之遙 的零星散居人家，
只好亲自动手作许多小事情；
在
人口众多的地方，那些小事情一定会 雇请专业工人帮忙。



Country
workmen
are
almost
everywhere
obliged
to
apply
themselves
to
all
the
different
branches
of
industry
that
have
so
much
affinity
to
one
another
as
to
be
employed about the same sort of materials.
农村工人几乎到处都是一个人兼营几种性质很类似因而使用同一材料的行业。



A country carpenter deals in every sort of work that is made of wood: a country smith
in every sort of work that is made of iron.

农村木匠要制造一切木制的物品；农村铁匠要制作一切铁制的物品。


The former is not only a carpenter, but a joiner, a cabinet- maker, and even a carver in
wood, as well as a wheel-wright, a ploughwright, a cart and waggon maker.

农村 木匠不仅是木匠，同时又是细工木匠，家具师、雕刻师、车轮制造者、耕犁
制造者，乃至二轮四轮运货车 制造者。


The employments of the latter are still more various.

木匠的工作如此繁杂，铁匠的工作还更繁杂。


It is
impossible there should be such a trade as even that of a nailer in the remote and
inland parts of the Highlands of Scotland.

在苏格兰高地那样僻远内地，无论如何，总维持不了一个专门造铁钉的工人。


Such a workman at the rate of a thousand nails a day, and three hundred working days
in the year, will make three hundred thousand nails in the year.

因为他即使一日只能制钉一千枚，一年只劳动三百日，也每年能制钉三十万枚


But in such a situation it would be impossible to dispose of one thousand, that is, of one
day's work in the year.
但在那里，一年也销不了他一日的制造额，就是说销不了一千枚。


As
by
means
of
water-carriage
a
more
extensive
market
is
opened
to
every
sort
of
industry
than what land-carriage alone can afford it, so it is upon the sea-coast, and
along
the
banks
of
navigable
rivers,
that
industry
of
every
kind
naturally
begins
to
subdivide and improve itself,
and it is frequently not till a long time after that those
improvements extend themselves to the inland parts of the country.

水运开拓了比陆运所开拓的广大得多的市场 ，
所以从来各种产业的分工改良，
自
然而然地都开始于沿海沿河一带，这种改良往往经 过许久以后才慢慢普及到内
地。


A broad-wheeled waggon, attended by two men, and drawn by
eight horses, in about
six weeks' time carries and brings back between London and Edinburgh
near four ton
weight of goods.

现在，以御者二人马八匹，驾广辐四轮运货车一辆，载重约四吨货物，往返伦敦
和爱 丁堡间，计需六星期日程
.

In about the same time a ship navigated by six or eight men,
and sailing between the