informationization-血库
2000
年
-2015
年专八短文改错试卷
2015
年<
/p>
3
月
21
日专业
八级考试改错
When I was in my
early teens, I was taken to a spectacular show
on ice by the mother of a friend.
Looked round a the luxury of the
1.
______
rink, my friend
’
s
mother remarked on the
“
plus
h
”
seats we had been
given. I did not know what she meant,
and being proud of my
2.
______
vocabulary, I tried to infer its
meaning from the context.
“
P
lush
”
was clearly
intended as a complimentary, a positive
evaluation
。
that
3.
______
much I could tell it from the tone of
voice and the context. So I
4.
______
started to use the word. Yes, I
replied, they certainly are plush, and
so are the ice rink and the costumes of
the skaters, aren
’
t they? My
friend
’
s mother
was very polite to correct me, but I could tell
from her
5.
______
expression that I had not got the word
quite right.
Often we can indeed infer
from the context what a word roughly
means, and that is in fact the way
which we usually acquire both
6.
______
new words and new meanings for familiar
words, specially in our
7.
______
own first language. But sometimes we
need to ask, as I should have
asked for
Plush, and this is particularly true in the
8.
______
aspect of a foreign language. If you
are continually surrounded by
9.
______
speakers of the language you are
learning, you can ask them directly,
but often this opportunity does not
exist for the learner of English.
So
dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap.
10.
______
2014
改错
There is widespread consensus among
scholars that second language acquisition (SLA)
emerged
as a distinct field of research
from the late 1950s to early 1960s.
There is a high level of
agreement that the following questions (1) ______
have possessed
the most attention of researchers in this area:
(2) ______
l Is
it possible to acquire an additional language in
the
same sense
one acquires a first language? (3) ______
l What is the
explanation for the fact adults have (4) ______
more difficulty
in acquiring additional languages than children
have?
l What
motivates people to acquire additional language?
l What is the
role of the language teaching in the (5) ______
acquisition of
additional languages?
l What social-cultural factors, if any,
are relevant in studying the
learning of additional
languages?
From
a check of the literature of the field it is clear
that all (6) ______
the approaches adopted to study the
phenomena of SLA so far have
one thing in common: The
perspective adopted to view the acquiring
of an
additional language is that of an individual
attempts to do (7) ______
so. Whether one labels it “learning” or
“acquiring” an addi
tional
language, it is an
individual accomplishment or what is under (8)
______
focus is
the cognitive, psychological, and institutional
status of an
individual. That is, the spotlight is
on what mental capabilities are
involving, what
psychological factors play a role in the learning
(9) ______
or
acquisition, and whether the target language is
learnt in the
classroom or acquired through social
touch with native speakers. (10) ______
2013
专八短文改错试卷
.
Psycho-linguistics is the name given to
the study of the psychological processes
involved in language.
Psycholinguistics study understanding,
production and remembering language,
and hence are concerned with
(1)
_____
listening, reading, speaking,
writing, and memory for language.
One
reason why we take the language for granted is
that it usually
(2) ______
happens so effortlessly, and most of
time, so accurately.
(3) ______
Indeed, when you listen to someone to
speaking, or looking at this page,
(4) ______
you
normally cannot help but understand it. It is only
in exceptional
circumstances we might
become aware of the complexity
(5) ______
involved: if we
are searching for a word but cannot remember
it
。
if a relative or colleague has had a
stroke which has influenced
(6) ______
their
language
。
if we
observe a child acquire
language
。
if
(7) ______
we try to learn a second language
ourselves as an adult
。
or
if we are
visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we
meet
anyone else who is. As
we shall see, all these examples
(8) ______
of
what might be called
“
language in exceptional
circumstances
”
reveal a great deal about the processes
evolved in speaking,
(9) ______
listening, writing and reading. But
given that language processes
were normally so automatic, we also
need to carry out careful
(10) ______
experiments to
get at what is happening.
2012
年
The central problem of translating has
always been whether to translate literally or
freely. The argument
has been going
since at least the first
(1)
______
century B.C. Up to the beginning
of the 19
th
century, many
writers
favoured certain kind of
“
free
”
translation: the spirit, not the
letter
。
the
(2) _______
sense not the
word
。
the message
rather the form
。
the matter not
(3) _______
the manner. This is the often
revolutionary slogan of writers who
(4) _______
wanted the truth to be read and
understood. Then in the turn of
19
th
(5) _______
century, when the study of cultural
anthropology suggested that
the
linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the
language
(6) _______
was entirely the product of culture,
the view translation was impossible
(7) _______
gained some
currency, and with it that, if was attempted at
all, it must be as
(8) _______
literal as
possible. This view culminated the statement of
the
(9) _______
extreme
“
literali
sts
”
Walter Benjamin and
Vladimir Nobokov.
The argument was
theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the
nature of the readership, the type of
the text, was not discussed. Too
often,
writer, translator and reader were implicitly
identified with
each other. Now, the
context has changed, and the basic problem
remains.
(10)
_____
2011
年专八真题改错部分
From a very early age,
perhaps the age of five or six, I knew
that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the
ages of about
1__________
seventeen and twenty-four I tried to
abandon this idea, but I did so
with
the conscience that I was outraging my true nature
and that
2___________
soon or later I should have to settle
down and write books.
3___________
I was the
child of three, but there
was a gap of five years
4__________
on either side, and I
barely saw my father before I was eight. For
this and other reasons I
was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed
disagreeing mannerisms
which made me unpopular throughout my
5_____________
schooldays. I had the
lonely child's habit of making up stories and
holding conversations with imaginative
persons, and I think from
6_________
the very start my literal ambitions
were mixed up with the feeling of
7________
being isolated and
undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with
words
and a power of facing
in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created
8________
a sort of
private world which I could get my own back for my
failure
9________
in
everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious
—
i.e. seriously
10________
intended
—
writing which I produced
all through my childhood and
boyhood would not amount to half a
dozen pages. I wrote my first
poem at
the age of four or five, my mother taking it down
to dictation.
2010
年专八真题改错部分
So far as we can tell, all human
languages are equally
complete and perfect as instruments of
communication: that is,
every language appears to be well
equipped as any other to say
1________________
the things their
speakers want to say.
2________________
There may
or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive
3________________
peoples or cultures,
but that is another matter. Certainly, not all
groups of people are
equally competent in nuclear physics or
psychology or the
cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the
4_____________
fault of
their language. The Eskimos , it is said, can
speak about
snow with further more
precision and subtlety than we can in
5______________
English, but this is not because the
Eskimo language (one of those
sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is
inherently more precise and
subtle than English. This example does
not come to light a defect
6______________
in English, a show of
unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is
simply and obviously that the Eskimos
and the English live in similar 7____________
environments. The English
language will be just as rich in terms
8____________
for different
kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in
which
Englishwas habitually used made
such distinction as important.
9_____________
Similarly,
we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo
language
could be as
precise and subtle on the subject of motor
manufacture
or cricket if
these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life.
10____________
2009
The previous section has shown how
quickly a rhyme passes
from one school
child to the next and illustrates the further
difference
(1)___________
between
school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a
verse,
learnt in early childhood,
is not usually passed on again when the
(2)___________
little
listener
has grown up, and has
children of their own, or even
(3)____________
grandchildren.
The period between learning a nursery
rhyme and
transmitting it may be
something from twenty to seventy years. With
(4)_____________
the
playground lore, therefore, a rhyme may be
excitedly passed
(5)___________
on within
the very hour it is learnt
。
and in the general, it passes
(6)_____________
between
children of the same age, or nearly so, since it
is uncommon
for the
difference in age between playmates to be more
than five
years. If
,therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to
have been
currently for a hundred
years, or even just for fifty, it follows that it
(7)__________
has been retransmitted over and
over
。
very
possibly it has passed
(8)___________
along a chain
of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers,
and
the wonder is that it remains live
after so much handling,
(9)____________
to let
alone that it bears resemblance to the
(10)____________
2008
年专八真题
短文改错
The desire to use language as a sign of
national identity is a
very natural
one, and in result language has played a prominent
____1____
part in national moves. Men have often
felt the need to cultivate
____2____
a
given language to show that they are distinctive
from another
____3____
race whose hegemony they resent. At the
time the United States
____4____
split off from Britain, for
example, there were proposals that
independence should be linguistically
accepted by the use of a
____5____
different language from those of
Britain. There was even one
____6____
proposal that Americans should adopt
Hebrew. Others favoured
the adoption of
Greek, though, as one man put it, things would
certainly be simpler for Americans if
they stuck on to English
____7____
and made the British learn Greek. At
the end, as everyone
____8____
knows, the two countries
adopted the practical and satisfactory
solution of carrying with the same
language as before.
____9____
Since
nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the
world
____10____
that
political independence and national identity can
be complete
without sacrificing the
enormous mutual advantages of a common
language.
customer.
2015
改成
looking
后面加
had
3.
去掉第二个
a
4.
去掉
it
改成
politely
改成
that
lly
改成
especially
改成
it
ually
改成
often
改成
narrow
2014
1.
把
of
去掉。
2.
把
possessed
改成
attracted
,
3.
把
a
改成
the
4.
在
facts
和
adults
之间加个
that
,
5.
把第二个
the
去掉。
6.
把第二个
of
改成
in
7.
把
attempts
改成
atte
mpt
8.
把
or
改成
and
9. what
改成
how
10.
把
< br>touche
改成
touches
2013
1.
production
改成
producing
2.
去掉
the
3.
去掉
accurately
p>
前面的
so
4.
looking
改为
look
5.
we
前面加
that
6.
去掉
colleague
后面的
has
7.
their
改成
his
8.
anyone
改成
pure
老师
someone
9.
evolved
改成
involved
10. were
改成
are
2012
参考答案:
1
.
going
∧
since
-加入
on
题解:
go on
的意思是“继续”<
/p>
,符合句子表达的含义“争论一直在继续”
。
2
.
certain
-改为
a certain
题解:此处要表达的
意思是“很多作家喜欢一种自由的翻译方法”
,第一次出现这种方法应该加上不定
冠词。
3
.
rather
-改为
not
题解:根据原句的句子结构,
rather
应改为
p>
not
。
4
.
is
-改为
was
题解:此句应该为过去时。
5
.
in
-改为
at
6
.题解:
at the turn
of 19
th
century
“十
九世纪之初”
,是固定搭配。
7
.
the
-删去第二个
the