surveys汉译英句子翻译原则

汉译英

句子的翻译专题

1.

主语的确定

?

主语的三种处理方法：

?

①

以原句主语作译文主语

?

直接法

?

②

重新确定主语

?

间接法

?

③

增补主语

?

添加法

?

①

直接法

?

例句

1< /p>

：我们的房子是一百多年前制造的。

?

Our house was built over a hundred years ago.

?

例句

2< /p>

：我是地球人。

?

I come from the earth.

?

例句

3

：如果不恰当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空

气污染。

?

Exhaust

from

boilers

and

vehicles,

unless

properly

treated,

causes

air

pollution in cities.

?

例句

4< /p>

：如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”

，那么，句子便是文章的“ 基

本部件”

。

?

If

vocabulary

is the

“

building materials

”

for language,

sentences

are the

“

fundamental parts

”

of writing.

?

例句

5

：中国有两点是靠得住的，一是讲原则，二是说话算数。

?

China

can be counted on. Among other things, first, it upholds principles and

second, it honors its words.

?

例句

6< /p>

：人有失错，马有漏蹄。

?

As a horse may tumble, a man may make mistakes.

?

非常简单

?

文化差异

?

应用有限

?

②

间接法

?

中英文表达的习惯不同

?

语言地道，句式多样

?

例句

7< /p>

：世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。

?

译法

1< /p>

（直接法）

：

At

the

turn

of

the

century,

China

is

very

active

in

its

diplomatic activities.

?

译法

2< /p>

（间接法）

：

The

turn

of

the

century

finds

China

most

active

on

the

diplomatic arena.

?

例句

8

：

1964

年十月中国爆 炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。

?

译法

1

：

In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked

the rest of the world significantly.

?

2

：

China

’

s first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the

rest of the world.

?

例句

9< /p>

：胎又瘪了。

?

译法

1< /p>

：

We

’

ve got another flat tire.

?

译法

2

：

Our tire is flat again.

?

例句

10

：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。

?

译法

1

：

It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible

to measure the ocean by pints.

?

译法

2

：

We

cannot

judge

people

from

their

appearance,

just

as

we

cannot

measure the ocean by pints.

?

回忆：海纳百川，有容乃大。

?

③

增补法

?

推敲语境

?

考虑英语语法习惯和行文的需要。

?

例句

11

：沉默呵，沉默呵！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。

?

Silence, silence! Unless

we

burst out,

we

shall perish in this silence.

?

练习

1

：中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪地驶向现代化的光辉彼岸。

?

菜鸟级

?

The ship of China

’

s socialist construction will brave the wind and waves and

sail to the glorious destination of modernization.

?

魔王级：

?

China will stride forward in building socialism, like a ship braving the wind

and the waves, towards the glorious destination of modernization.

?

练习

2< /p>

：

我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友，

而且成为兄弟。

?

菜鸟级：

?

The

development

of

our

relations

has

made

us

not

only

close

friends

but

brothers as well.

?

魔王级：

?

Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as

brothers.

?

练习

3< /p>

：他心直口快，总是愿意和任何人交朋友，所以很快赢得了大家的

信任。

?

雏鸟级：

?

His outspokenness and readiness to make friends with anyone soon won their

trust.

?

小妖级：

?

He was very outspoken and always ready to make friends with anyone, so he

won their trust.

?

大师级：

?

He

was

so

frank,

outspoken

and

constantly

willing

to

make

friends

with

anyone that he soon won their trust.

?

练习

4< /p>

：中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。

?

菜鸟级：

?

The strength, prosperity and development of China will pose no threat to any

countries.

?

小妖级：

?

A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.

?

大师级：

?

The

rest

of

the

world

will

confront

no

threat

from

a

strong,

prosperous

and

developed China.

?

练习

5< /p>

：轻纺工业产品的花色品种增多，质量继续有所提高。

?

菜鸟级

?

The designs and variety of light industrial and textile products have increased

and their quality has continued to improve.

?

魔王级

?

Light

industry

and

textile

products

are

now

available

in

better

designs

and

quality and richer variety.

?

口译：楼的质量不好

?

The quality of the building is poor.

?

The building is not well built.

?

练习

6< /p>

：天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。

?

Storms gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men overnight.

?

练习

7

：真是太荒谬了。

?

It

’

s utterly absurd.

?

练习

：只有冷静才能成功。

?

Success depends on calm minds.

?

练习

9

：端午节吃粽子。

?

On the Dragon Boat Festival, people eat zongzi.

?

练习

10

：上海近几年发生的巨大变化赢得了全世界人民的赞叹。

?

That Shanghai has changed greatly in recent

years has won admiration from

people all over the world.

?

从句做主语

?

The fact that

?

2.

谓语确定和主谓一致

?

谓语的确定基于表意的需要

?

例句

1.

中国政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。

?

The Central Government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.

?

The Central

Government

has refrained

from

intervening

in

the affairs of the

HKSAR.

?

< br>例句

2

：中国的经济将融入世界经济的大潮。

?

The economy of China will converge with that of the world economy.

?

The economy of China will merge into the tide of the world economy.

?

China will merge into the world tide in terms of economy.

?

例句

3< /p>

：这事到了现在，还是时时记起。

?

Even now, I still often think about it.

?

Even now, this remains fresh in my memory.

?

例句

4< /p>

：在同新闻界谈话的时候，上海人使用越来越多的最高级形容词。

?

You

can

hear

Shanghai

people

using

more

and

more

adjectives

of

the

superlative degree when they talk to the press.

?

When they talk to press, the Shanghai citizens use more and more adjectives

of the superlative degree.

?

例句

：

（颐和园）

1900

年遭八国联军破坏。

?

The

summer

palace

was

reduced

to

ruins

by

the

allied

forces

of

the

eight

foreign powers in 1990.

?

The summer palace

suffered

ravage

in

the hands of the allied forces of

the

eight foreign powers in 1990.

?

< br>例句

6

：她们逐渐地镇定下来，有了自信。

?

They gradually calm down with self-confidence restored.

?

Gradually, they calmed down and regained self-confidence.

?

Self-confidence came over them as they gradually calmed down.

?

例句

7< /p>

：封建社会代替奴隶社会，资本主义代替封建主义，社会主义经历

了一个过程发展后必然代替资本主义。

?

Feudal society

replace

slavery society, capitalism

supplanted

feudalism, and

after a long time, socialism will necessarily

supersede

capitalism.

?

例句

8< /p>

：第一次是辛亥革命，第二次是中华人民共和国的成立，第三次是

改革开放。