stealthy-敏思
一．选择题
二．名词解释（
< br>5
个）
1.
American
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism was
a group of new ideas in literature, religion,
culture, and
philosophy that emerged in
New England in the early to middle 19th century.
It
is sometimes called American
Transcendentalism.
?
Emphasizing
spirit
and
the
Oversoul
as
the
most
important
thing
in
the
universe as a reaction against
Newtonian concept of the universe, the direction
that a mechanized, capitalist America
was taking, and the popular tendency to
get ahead in world affairs to the
neglect of spiritual welfare.
?
Stressing
the
importance
of
the
individual
and
individual'
s
capability
for
self-regeneration
and
self-perfection
as
a
reaction
against
the
Calvinist
concept of human
beings and the process of dehumanization that came
in the
wake of developing capitalism.
?
Offering a
fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the
Spirit or God. Nature
was
alive,
filled
with
God’s
overwhelming
presence,
the
garment
of
the
Oversoul, exerting a
healthy and restorative influence on the human
mind.
2.
Metaphysical poetry
A loose
group of British lyric poets of the 17th century,
who shared an interest in
metaphysical
concerns
and
a
common
way
of
investigating
them.
The
label
Life of Cowley
.
These poets themselves did not form a
school or start a movement; most of them
did not even know or read each other.
3.
Byronic Hero
The
Byronic hero is an idealised but flawed character
exemplified in the life and
writings
of
Lord
Byron,
characterised
by
his
ex-lover
Lady
Caroline
Lamb
as
being
[1]
The
Byronic hero first appears in
Byron's
semi-autobiographical epic narrative poem Childe
Harold's Pilgrimage
(1812-18).
4.
The precursor
of socialist movement visualizing a new social
order based on
the regeneration of man
and the virtue of love*
5.
Heroic couplet
A
heroic
couplet
is
a
tradtional
form
for
English
poetry,
commonly
used
fo
epicand
narrative
poetry;
it
refers
to
poems
constructed
from
a
sequence
of
rhyming pairs of iambic
pentamater lines. The ryhme is always masculine.
Use of
the heroic couplet was first
pioneered by Geoffery Chaucer.
英雄双音句体指英
诗的一种形式，通常用于史诗和叙事诗。这样的诗歌是由很
多对押韵的抑扬五步格诗行组
成的。所压的韵很阳刚。英雄双音句体的使用首
先由乔叟开创。
（来自参考书）
6.
Thomas
Hardy
’
s fatalism and
determinism
Hardy asserts
that in his
joy
and
that
it
is
not
god
who
is
responsible
for
this
but
the
doomsters
and
―
Dicing
time
refers
to
the
fact
that
events
in
a
person's
life
take
place
unexpectedly and purely by chance like
the throw of a dice. Hardy's conclusion is
that
it
is
not
god
who
determines
the
joy
and
sorrow
in
a
person's
life
but
person's life whether joyful
or sorrowful take place indiscriminately at no
fixed
or expected time.
Hardy’s
is
a
world,
amoral
in
nature,
where
―the
President
of
Immortals‖
sits
high up on the throne, hostile often or
nonchalant at best to the human world.
（找不到，这是课件上相关的话。
）
7.
American
Puritanism
The
beliefs
and
practices
characteristic
of
Puritans
(most
of
whom
were
Calvinists who wished to purify the
Church of England of its Catholic aspects)
Puritanism
was
a
religious
reform
movement
that
arose
within
the
Church
of
Rngland in the late sixteen siege from
church and crown, it sent
an
offshoot
in
the
third
and
fourth
decades
of
the
seventeenth
century
to
the
northern
English
colonies
in
the
New
World
—
a
migrantion
that
laid
the
foundation
for
the
religious,
intellectual,
and
social
order
of
New
England.
Puritanism, however, was not only a
historically specific phenomenon coincident
with the founding of New England; it
was also a way of being in the
world
—
a
style of
response to lived
experience
—
that has
reverberated through American
life ever since.
清教主义是
16
世纪晚期在英国教会内进行的一场宗教改革。在教会和皇权的双
重压力下，清教的一个分支于
17
世纪三、四十
年代迁至美洲新大陆的北方殖民
地，他们为新英格兰奠定了宗教、知识和社会秩序的基础
。清教主义不仅符合
新英格兰成立的特定历史，而且一直反映了美国生活的一种生活方式
。
8.
Neoclassicism
Neoclassicism
is
the
name
given
to
quite
distinct
movements
in
the
decorative
and
visual
arts,
literature,
theatre,
music
and
architecture
that
draw
upon
Western
classical art and culture. These movenments were
dominant during the
mid
18
th
to the end of the
19
th
century.
新古典
主义是指西方在装饰和视觉艺术，文学，戏剧，建筑方面出现的新运动。
在这个运动中，
提倡借鉴西方古典艺术和文化。
18
世
纪中期到
19
世纪盛行。
（参
考书）
9.
Shakespearean
sonnets
?
A
demonstration of his attitudes toward the society
of his time and toward
his own
experience in life
?
Themes and ideas reflected
?
Entreaties of
love
?
Mild
criticism of the prevailing conditions at the
royal court in England of
that time
?
Condemnation of
certain common social vices and evils
?
Utterances of
his personal miseries caused by social evils
?
Shakespearean sonnet with the rhyme
scheme abab cdcd efef gg
?
Economy and intensity in language
（课件上）
A sonnet is
a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter with a
carefully patterned
rhyme scheme. A
Shakespearean , or English sonnet consiss of 14
lines, each line
contains
ten
syllable,
and
each line
is written
in
iambic
pentameter
in which
a
pattern
of
a
non-emphasized
syllable
followed
by
an
emphasized
syllable
is
repeated five times. The ryhme scheme
in a Shakespearaen sonnet is abab cdcd
efef gg in which the last two lines are
a rhyming couplet.
十四行诗是由十四行五步抑扬格组成的韵律规
范的诗体。莎士比亚十四行诗或
英国十四行诗由十四行组成，每行十个音节，韵律是抑扬
格无因步，每个音步
非重读音节在前，重读音节在后，重复五次。莎士比亚十四行诗的韵
式为
abab
cdcd efef gg
，最后两行为押韵对句。
(
参考书上只是
< br>
sonnet)
10.
Alliterative
verse
（头韵体诗）
Alliterative
verse
is
a
form
of
verse
that
uses
alliteration
as
the
principal
structuring
device
to
unify lines
of
poetry,
as
opposed
to
other
devices
such
as
rhyme.
The
most
commonly
studied
traditions
of
alliterative
verse
are
those
found
in the oldest literature of many Germanic
languages. This is a technique in
which
the
first
half
of
the
line
(the
a-verse)
is
linked
to
the
second
half
(the
b-verse) through similarity in initial
sound.
（课件）
10. Deism
（
自然神论
,
自然神教派
(
信上帝的存在及创世界
,
但对其所创造的世界及世人
未加以支配
)
?
Deism
believe
in
the
existence
of
God
without
any
reliance
on
revealed
religion,
religious
authority
or
holy
books,
typically
rejecting
supernatural events such as prophecy
and miracles, tending to assert that
God (or
to be altered by
intervention in the affairs of human life.
?
The
world owed its existence to God and the best way
to worship God was
to worship His
creation
–
man, nature, and
the world as a whole
?
Formal
religion
disappeared,
which
became
private
and
personal,
not
intermingled with public affairs
?
God did not
object to people not believing in Him, and that
the best way
to serve God was to do
good to man.
（课件上相关的，参考书上找不到）
三．选读理解题（
5
个）
四．问答题（
2
个）