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forthwithAmerican History 英美概况美国历史

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2021-01-28 03:09
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American History


?


I. America in the colonial era



?


II. The War of Independence



?


III. The Civil War



?


IV


. America during the two World Wars


I. America in the colonial era


?


Who were the very first Americans?


?


Who was the first one discovering the new continent?


?


After whom was the new continent named?



I. America in the colonial era


?


very first Americans were Indians.



?


They created their civilization, known as Maya civilization, dominating Mexico and Central America from 4th to


the 10th centuries.


?


They were the descendants of the Mongoloid (


蒙古人种的


) people in Asia.



?


About 20,000 years ago, they traveled to the North American continent across


the Bering Strait


(


白令海峡


).





?


2.


Christopher Columbus


is believed to have discovered America.




?


In 1492


,


Christopher Columbus


discovered America. However, he believed he had reached India and called the


natives Indians.



?


In 1500, Amerigo Vespucci


, an Italian navigator, also under the Spanish flag, drew the conclusion that what he


found was a new continent.



3. The establishment of colonies



?


Since


the


America


was


found,


the


Spanish


established


many


colonies:


Florida,


Los


Angeles,


and


San


Francisco


.



?


In


1588,


the


Spanish


Armada


was


defeated


by


the


English


navy



which


put


England


in


a


better


position


to


provide support for its New World colonies.




3. The establishment of colonies


?


Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America.



?


These 13 colonies were established in different patterns:



?


crown colonies (


直辖殖民地


),



?


proprietary colonies (


业主殖民地


),



?


charter colonies (


特许公司殖民地


),



?


self-governing or compact colonies (


自治殖民地或契约殖民地


).




?


1) The first successful English colony in North America was founded at


Jamestown, Virginia


, in 1607.



?


2) In 1620, a group of Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower. They arrived at Plymouth,


and


built


the


New


Plymouth


colony


in


New


England.


These


Pilgrims


drew


up


the


epoch-making


Mayflower


Compact (


五月花契约


)


, which was signed by all adult males on the ship.




3. The establishment of colonies


?


3) From 1630 to 1643, some 200 ships transported over 20,000 Englishmen to the Massachusetts Bay colony.



?


Plymouth remained a separate colony until 1691 when it was combined with


Massachusetts Bay colony


.



Puritans



?


People who criticized or wished to


?



?



Puritans,


radical


Protestants,


such


as


the Plymouth


colonists,


the


pilgrims,


who


believed


that


the


Church of England was corrupt and that true Christians must separate themselves from it; and


?


“non


-


separating”


Puritans,


such


as


the


colonists


who


settled


the


Massachusetts


Bay


Colony,


who


believed


in


reform but not separation.




Puritans


?


(1) Puritans believed that God had set special duties for everyone to carry out.



?


(2) These puritans were well known for their spirit of enterprise and high standard of morality.



?


(3) Puritans advocated thriftiness in doing things and rejected all church rituals. They demanded equality and


opposed all priestly hierarchy.



Puritans


?


(4) They believed it was noble to protect human rights in their pursuit of wealth.



?


(5) Puritans placed great importance on education and founded Harvard College in 1636. Most of the Puritans


were well-educated and wealthy.



Puritans


3. The establishment of colonies


?


4) The Rhode Island Colony was founded by dissenters pushed out of Massachusetts.



?


5) The other four colonies: the Connecticut Colony, the New Hampshire colony, Maine, Vermont comprises the


region, known as


New England


.




3. The establishment of colonies


?


The


New


Englanders


,


despite


their


differences,


mostly


belong


to


the


Puritan


group


in


religion.


Their


values


include the belief in hard work, thriftiness, accumulation of wealth, self-government, acquisitiveness, and Puritanic


morality. Their culture laid the foundation of American values and became the American mainstream culture. And


New England has been regarded as the cradle of American democracy.




3. The establishment of colonies


?


6) New York and New Jersey were first colonized by the Dutch while Delaware was founded by the Swedish.


These three colonies were later taken over by the English Crown as crown colonies.




3. The establishment of colonies


?


7) Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn. Pen


n set up a colony, Pennsylvania, meaning “Penn’s wood”. He


adopted a tolerant policy which welcomed any settlers who read the Bible and believed in God. Pennsylvania later


played an active role in fighting for America’s independence and against the slave s


ystem in the South.




3. The establishment of colonies


?


8) The other colonies were Maryland, South and North Carolinas, and Georgia.


?


So, by 1773, English settlers had occupied 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast.






4. Features of American culture:




?


1) a blending of European cultures under new circumstances in the New World


?


2) less formal but more pragmatic, less conservative and more outspoken;



?


3) hard-work, diligence, religious tolerance, respect of individual rights


?


(people


of


different


national


origi


ns


required


social


life


to


show


toleration;


not


interfering


in


others’


privacy;


problems concerning belief became a private affair)


?


4) attaching great importance to education


?


founding Harvard College in Massachusetts 1636 by the Puritans with the original idea of enabling people to read


Bible and communicate with God.




?


Who were the very first Americans?


?


Who is believed to have discovered America?


?


After whom America was named?


?


Which was the first successful English colony in North America?

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