维度英语-世界名牌
专英重点
一、
Parapharyngeal
咽旁
Septicemia
败血病
Sialolithiasis
涎石病
Periostitis
骨膜炎
Sialoductitis
涎管炎
Fracture
骨折
minution
粉碎
Hyperplasia
增生
Reparative
修复性
Mucoperiosteum
黏骨膜
句子翻译
1.
I
f
proper
preparation
of
solution,
syringes,
needles
and
technic
has
been
carried
out,
untoward
incidents
should seldom occur during or after the
injection of the local
anesthetic
、
However, one
should be in
a position to cope with
plications in the rare cases when they
arise
、
若药液注射剂
,
针头及技术准备妥当
,
在局麻注射过程中或之后都将很少出现
,
但就是
,
医生仍应做好应对罕见并发症
得准备。
2.
P
ostoperative pain which the
patient experiences after the second and third
postoperative day should
be carefully
examined, since this is not a normal postoperative
course
、
It is caused by dry
socket or
sharp bone
spine
、
患者于术后二三日之后
得疼痛
,
可能为非正常情况
,
需特别仔细检查
,
其有可能由于干槽症或就是尖
锐骨刺引起。
3.
A
cute
dento-
alveolar
abscess
、
This
is
an
acute
localized
suppuration
about
a
tooth
、
The
infection
may
start in one of three ways: (a)
periapical (b)pericemental (c)pericoronal
急性牙槽脓肿
,
就是一种牙齿急性局限性得化脓表现。这种感染可能由下列三种途径引起
:
根尖周、牙周膜、冠周。
4.
S
alivary glands may be
involved by tumors, cyst , sialadenitis from
infection , sialoductitis with
subsequent strictures of the
ducts
、
涎腺可罹患肿瘤、囊肿
、感染所致得涎腺导管炎
,
及其后遗得导管狭窄症。
5.
T
he
lower
jaw
is
more
exposed
to
violence
and
consequently
is
more
often
fractured
than
any
other
facial
bone
、
下颌骨更加容易暴露于外界暴力中
,
因此比所有其它得面部骨都
更经常发生骨折。
6.
T
he
mon
diseases
of
the
temporo-mandibular
joint
are
subluxation
dislocation
and
ankylosis
、
The
infection
of this joint is
rare
、
普通疾病会造成颞下颌关
节半脱位或脱臼与关节僵直就是很非常少见得。
7.
N
early all of the tumors and
cysts which can arise in any part of the body may
be found in or around
the mouth, except
those which are peculiar to certain
organs
、
几乎全部肿瘤与囊肿
会发生在身体得任何部位或嘴巴周围
,
除非某些特殊得肿瘤才会
发生在特定得器官。
8.
T
he object in undertaking
such reparative procedures is the restoration of
function or the improvement
of
appearance or both
、
Included
within the group which may require reconstructive
procedures are
congenital
malformations,
traumatic
injuries,
deformations
due
to
operation
for
neoplasms
,
destruction
of tissue
incident to disease, or the treatment of
disease
、
被用来使用修复程序得对象就是为了恢复功能或就是促进美观或就是两者兼具。
包含了天生畸形、
创伤性得伤害、
肿
R
adiolucent X
光透射
Space
间隙
Infection
感染
Prosthesis
义齿
Oblique
倾斜
Scquestrum
腐骨
死骨
Biopsy
切片检查法
Sialogram
涎管
X
线造影片
Giant
巨大
Nonmalignant
良性得
Pyogenic
化脓性
Mole
胎块
Devoid
缺乏得
Laceration
撕裂
Hyperpyrexia
高热
Self-reduce
自行使脱臼复位
瘤治疗、去除病变得组织或就是疾病得治疗。
9.
I
t
includes
also
those
oral
or
extraoral
operations
which
are
indicated
for
the
restoration
of
lost
bone,
teeth
or the insertion of retentive devices for
dentures
、
用来修复失骨与
失牙或就是义齿得固位装置包含在口腔与口外得手术
10.
The
maxillary
right
central
and
left
lateral
incisors
had
Class
1
mobility3;
the
maxillary
left
central
incisor had an
oblique4 fracture line through the distal portion
of the crown
、
上合右
中切牙与左侧切牙属于
1
分类松动
3<
/p>
度
;
上合左中切牙在牙冠远中部分有一个
斜行得骨折线
11.
In the
treatment of acute osteomyelitis the general rule
is to institute antibiotic therapy and to
surgically establish adequate
drainage
、
在治疗急性骨髓
炎时
,
全身疗法可用滴注抗生素治疗
,
外科方法为建立开放引流管道。
12.
The lower end of the
short fragment is generally displaced upward and
forward by contraction of the
elevator
muscles
、
In addition, Slight
inward displacement is more mon than external
displacement
、
短部分
得下部通常会因为提口肌群得收缩导致向上向前移位。此外
,
稍
微向内得移位比向外移位常见
二、
a
nodyne
镇痛剂
apiciectomy
根尖切除术
analgesic
止痛得
adenocarcinoma
腺癌
anastomosis
吻合
alveolalgia
干槽症
appliance
矫正器
aggravate
加重恶化
advious
迂回得
apprehensive
敏捷得
担心得
ankylosis
关节僵直
appliance
器具
ameloblastoma
成釉细胞瘤
advanced
晚期得
bur
园头锉
contraindication
禁忌症
chisel
凿子
cancellate
松得
cellulites
蜂窝织炎
condyle
棵突
minution
粉碎
curettment
刮除术
coronoid
冠状喙状
crepitus
捻发音
cripple
使残废
circumferential
环
绕周围得
chondrosarooma
软骨肉瘤
dermatitis
皮炎
devitalization
失活
去生肌
detritus
腐质
dammed up
阻塞得
dilation
膨胀扩大
deformity
畸形
deviation
偏向
diffuse
弥散得
discoloration
再生
dissection
解剖分析
demonstrable
可论证得
employ
使用
ethyl chloride
氯乙烷
enhance
增强
epinephrine
肾上腺素
ecohymosis
瘀斑
extraction
拔出
erupt
萌出
elevator
牙挺
excision
切除
effusion
渗出
exostosis
外生骨疣
edentulous
无牙得
extravasation
外渗液
enucleation
摘除术
eradicate
根除消灭
flap
办片
fracture
骨折
fibrosara
纤维肉瘤
fixation
固定
fibroma
纤维瘤
ganglion
神经节
glenoid
关节窝得
hypodermic
皮下
hyperthyroidism
甲抗
hematoma
血肿
hematogenous
血源性得
hyoid
舌骨得
hypertrophy
肥大
hyperostosis
骨肥厚
hemangioma
血管瘤
instillation
滴注
inadvisable
不妥当得
infraorbital
眶下得
idiosyncrasy
特异性质
impacted
阻生得
infratemporal
颞下得
inward
向内得
isotope
同位素
jaundice
黄疸
lessen
减少
loop
环圈
lime
石灰
laceration
撕裂
ligation
结扎
lymphangioma
淋巴管瘤
lipoma
脂肪瘤
lymphosarooma
淋巴肉瘤
lining
榇里
medication
药疗法
maxilla
上颌骨
myxofibroma
粘液纤维瘤
malposition
错位
malposed
异位得
mallet
槌
mental
颏得
morbidity
发病率
masseter
嚼肌
melanomaco
黑瘤
muoperiosteal
粘骨膜得
muoperiosteum
粘骨膜
myxoma
黏液瘤
myeloma
骨髓瘤
metastasize
转移
marsupialization
造袋术
neurasthenic
神经衰弱得
neuralgia
神经痛
neuroma
神经瘤
nedule
小节结
notch
切迹
nonmalignant
非恶性得
ointment
软膏
opponent
对抗肌
odontoma
牙瘤
orthodontic
正牙得
osseous
骨得
osteomyelitis
骨髓炎
osteoma
骨瘤
osteoradionecrosis
放射性骨坏死
三、
内科
osteoid
骨样得
osteoclastoma
破骨细胞瘤
ossify
使骨硬化
paralyze
使麻痹瘫痪
prolong
延长
pericementitis
牙周膜炎
psychically
精神上地
periostitis
骨膜炎
pyemia
脓毒症脓血症
preanesthetic
前驱麻痹
precipitate
促使加速
premadicate
术前用药
pterygomandibular
翼突下颌
pterygoid
翼状得
palpation
触诊
periosteum
骨膜
periosteal
骨膜得
perineurium
神经束膜
parapharyngeal
咽旁得
pathognomonic
特殊病
症得
pyogenic
生脓得
peripheral
周围得
periodontoclasia
牙周溃疡
pericoronal
冠周得
precox
早发得
periosteum
papilloma
乳头瘤
paranasal
鼻旁得
retard
延迟
retrieval
取回
restricted
受限制得
retrozygomatic
颧骨后得
regeneration
再生
rhabdomyoma
横纹肌瘤
rhabdomyosara
横纹肌
肉瘤
sheath
鞘
succedaneous
替代得
spine
刺
脊柱
symphysis
联合
sinus
窦
sequestrum
死骨
supernumerary
多余得
salt
盐
sepsis
脓毒症败血症
subcutaneous
皮下得
sialadenitis
涎腺炎
sialoductitis
涎管炎
septicemia
败血症
sialolithiasis
涎石形成
sialography
涎管
X
线造影技术
swallow
吞咽
splint
夹板
suprahyoid
舌骨上得
tuberosity
结节粗隆
trismus
牙关紧闭
traumatize
受外伤
traumatism
创伤病
traumatogenic
创伤性得
thrombophlebitis
血栓性静脉炎
temporal
颞得
tendernoss
触痛
torus palatinus
腭隆凸
transitonal
转变得
vicinity
附近邻近
1
、
In
evaluating
the
clinical
features
of
gingivitis,
it
is
necessary
to
be
systematic
、
Attention
should
be focused
on subtle tissue alteration, because these may be
of diagnostic significance
、
A systematic
clinical
approach
requires
an
orderly
examination
of
the
gingival
for
color,
contour,
consistency,
position,
ease and severity of bleeding, and
pain
、
我们必须系统性得评估牙
龈炎得临床特点。必须注意些微得组织变化
,
因为对诊断来说就
是有意义得。一个系统性得
临床检查途径需照顺序对牙龈颜色、外型、质地、位置、出血
情况与疼痛程度进行检查。
2
、当患
者出现牙龈炎时
,
最常见得表现为牙龈得水肿与增生
When the patient suffers from
gingivitis, the most mon signs are edema and
proliferation of the
gingiva
、
3
、龈沟内上皮发生溃疡就是急性牙龈炎得典型特征之一
Ulceration of the sulcular epithelium
is one of the typical signs of acute
gingivitis
、
外科
L9
1
、
However, if
brawny massive induration which pits on pressure,
presents in five to seven days with an
elevation of temperature in spite of
antibiotic treatment, and there is no fluctuation,
then that space
should be surgically
explored
、
然而
,
尽管经过五到七天得抗菌治疗
,
体温仍然高温并且某部位质实、坚硬呈现块状、扪诊无波动感
,
就需要外科手术
得探查了。
2
、
After
the
acute
symptoms
have
been
subsided,
the
tooth
originally
causing
the
trouble
should
be
extracted
in order to avoid
recurrence or the persistence of a discharging
sinus
、
急性症状缓解后
,
病灶牙必须要移除以免再度复发或就是持续性得窦炎。
L10
1
、
Many
salivary
stones
are
symptomless
、
It
is
only
when
partial
or
plete
obstruction
occurs
that
symptoms
develop
、
< br>许多涎石就是无自觉症状得
,
只有当发生部分或就是完全
阻塞得时候症状才会发展。
2
、
The obstruction
is due to mechanical blockage because of the
stones, or periductal infection causing
inflammatory edema which results in the
occlusion of the lumen of the
duct
、
造成阻碍就是由于石头得
机械性阻塞或就是导管周围得感染导致炎症性水肿
,
而造成得管
腔狭窄。
修复
L13
1
、
Replantation:
replantation
means
the
reinsertion
of
a
tooth
in
the
socket
from
which it
has
been
removed
purposely
or
by
accident
、
The
replant
fit
its
socket
perfectly
and
should
enjoy
a
high
degree
of
success
、
< br>再植术
:
再植术就是指将由于某种目得或意外脱落得牙齿
重新植入其脱落得牙槽窝内。这种再植完全吻合自身得牙槽
窝
,
且具有很高得成功率。
2
、
Transplantation: transplantation
means the insertion of a natural tooth into the
socket of a recently
extracted
tooth
、
移植术
:
移植术就是指将天然牙植入最近拔除牙齿得牙槽窝
。
3
、
The
autotransplant
(a
transplant
from
one
place
to
another
within
the
same
mouth)
enjoys
a
high
success
rate often with
indefinite survival, by vltue of prompt transfer
of the tooth to its new
site
、
Autotransplantation’s
tooth is best performed when the roo
t
of the donor tooth is almost pletely formed
but
its
apices
are
still
open
、
The
most
monly
used
donor
tooth
for
autotransplantation
to
first
and
second
molarsite
is
third
molar
、
The
allogenic
tooth
probably
was
the
first
transplanted
human
organ
、
Teeth
have
been transplanted for
centuries
、
The tooth inserted
may be an old reserved one which has been
extracted
for a long time, or it may be
a freshly extracted tooth from another
individual
、
自体移植物
(
同一个口腔内从一处到另一处得移植物
)
迅速转移到新得定植部位有着较高得成功率
,
但常常不确定就是
否能存活。
当供体牙得牙根基本发
育完成但根尖还未封闭时作为自体移植牙效果最好。
最常移植到第一二磨牙区得自
体移植牙就是第三磨牙。
外源性得牙可能就是最早进行移植得人体器官
。
牙得移植已经有几世纪得历史。
植入得牙可
< br>以使很早以前拔除后保留下来得牙
,
或者就是刚从另一个
个体拔除得牙。
4
、
Implantation
means the insertion of an artificial tooth into a
new socket
、
Acceptable
materials may
be divided into four
major categories, such as metals; polymers;
ceramics and carbon
、
种植术就是将人工牙植入一个新得牙槽窝
(
生物替代品
)
。能植入得材料可
以分为四类
,
比如金属
(
钛与钴铬合金
)
、聚
合物、
陶瓷
(
氧化铝
)
、以及碳。
5
、
Bone grafts are
monly used to restore the bone
defects
、
Bone grafts can be
posed of either pact or
cancellous
bone
、
pact bone transplants
may be used in the form of solid pieces or in the
form of chips
、
Cancellous bone is monly used in the
form of chips
、
The grafts
may be taken from ribs or iliac
crest
、
骨移植片常用来修复骨
缺陷。
骨移植片由密质骨或松质骨组成。
密质骨可以整块拿来移
植也可以以碎片得形式来使用。
松质骨通常就是以碎片得形式来使用。骨移植片可以从肋
骨或髂嵴上获取
L14
1
、
The
third
visit
is
concerned
with
obtaining
vertical
dimension
and
centric
relation
、
This
relationship
is
fixed
and
transferred
to
an
articulator
、
In
addition,
eccentric
relation
is
obtained
,
and
the
condylar
guidance path is
established
、
During this
visit , it is usually possible to select anterior
teeth
、
第三次就诊得重点在于
获得垂直距离及正中关系。这种关系固定后转移到合架上。此外
,
还要纪录反常得关系及髁导
斜度。再这次就诊中可选择出前牙。
2
、
In
the
ideal
abutment
a
proportionate
relationship
exists
between
the
lengths
of
the
crown
and
the
root
、
Where the root is excessively short,
either congenitally or due to resorption, it
cannot furnish the
necessary support to
the crown or resistance to the forces of
mastication developed during the various
movements of the
mandible
、
The additional
forces in herent in a bridge will cause such teeth
to fail as
abutments
、
理想得基牙要具备成比例得冠根比。无论就是由于先天性得还就是再吸收导致得根长过短得牙齿
,
都无法对冠提供足
够得支持
,
也无法抵抗颔骨各种运动所产生得咀嚼力。
桥体所固
有得附加应力也会导致这类牙作为桥基牙时修复失败。
L16
1
、
A typical
removable, extension partical denture will
generally have these ponents: one or more bases;
one
or
more
major
connectors;
several
minor
connectors
;two
or
more
direct
retainers;
one
or
more
indirect
retainers a varying number of resin
or porcelain teeth or resin teeth with cast
occlusal surfaces to
replace
those
missing
、
Where
the
direct
retainer
is
of
the
clasp
type
,
it
will
usually
include
an
occlusal
rest,
a reciprocal clasp arm and a retentive clasp
arm
、
一个典型得可摘义齿应包括
以下部分
:
一个或多个基托
;
一个或多个大连接体
;
一些小连接体
;
两个或多个直接固位体
;
一个或多个间接固位体
;
数目不等得树脂牙、瓷牙或者有铸造
合面得树脂牙来替代缺失牙。当采用卡环作为直接固位
体时
,<
/p>
她通常包括一个合支托
,
一个卡环对抗臂
,
一个卡环固位臂。
2
、
The base is a
most important unit in the partial denture because
through it the principal support is
to
the gained from the underlying ridge
structure
、
基托就是局部义齿中最重要得一个部分
,
因为基托
得到得主要得支持来自其下方牙槽嵴。
3
、
Since
it
prevents
cervical
movement
of
the
appliance
on
the
abutment
the
retentive
terminal
of
the
clasp
is
kept
in
the
desiredposition
on
the
cervically
inclined
infrabulge
surface
,
and
retention
is
maintained
、
当卡环作为直接固位体使用时
,
作为它得一部分
,
必须有一个合支托。卡环
得固位端被放置在颈部倾斜倒凹区斜面上
,
并保持其固位
,
而合支托可以阻止装置对基牙得颈向运动。
4
、
The third part
which makes up the clasp unit is the very
essential ponent for which the clasp retainer
reallywas
devised
、
At
least
one
arm
of
each
clasp
must
create
resistance
to
vertical
displacement
、
This
is
acplished
by
locating
the
retentive
terminal
cervically
to
the
tooth’s
gte
ates
diameter,
monly
referred
to as “the height
of contour”、
组成卡环得第三个非常重要得部分
就是固位臂。每个卡环至少要有一个臂设计成抵抗垂直向脱位。
、它就是通过把固
位末端安置在牙齿最大直径上实现得
,
通常被
称为外形最高点。
L17
1
、
A
phase
of
denture
prosthesis
widely
practiced
at
the
present
time
is
the
concentration
of
the
immediate
dentires
、
This
type
differs
from
the
plete
dentures
described
in
the
previous
chapters
primarily
in
that
they
are
constructed
and
ready
to
be
inserted
immediately
after
the
removal
of
all
remaining
natural
teeth
from either the maxillary or mandibular
arch
、
即刻义齿就是现今广泛应用得一种义齿修复方式。如前几章所述
,
这种形式与全口义齿最大得不同在于它就是预先做
好并在拔出上颌牙弓或下颌牙弓得
所有天然余留牙后立即戴入。
2
、
For problem
cases which arise after removal of all the teeth,
attempts are sometimes made by means of
implants of various types to provide a
denture support which is superior to that provided
by the
mucoperiosteum
alone
、
针对拔除全部牙齿后出
现得问题
,
可以采取各种移植物来提供义齿得支持。这优于单纯
由粘骨膜来提供支持。
3
、
It
should
be
appreciated,
however,
that
the
periodontal
membrane
of
the
naturaltooth
is
ideally
suited
to
give spport against occlsual
stresses
、
然而
,
应该认识到天然牙得牙周膜就是可以抵抗咬合力得理想结构。
4
、
The root
of a natural tooth is therefore superior to any
form of artificial implant
、
If such support
is available, it should
not be discarded unless one is sure that the
patient will be satisfied with a
conventional type of plete denture,
supported entirely by the
mucoperiostem
、
因此
,
天然牙得牙根也优于任何人工得种植体。
如果可以获得这种支持
,
就不该放弃。
除非可以确定病人对于完全由粘
骨膜支持得常规全口义齿就是满意得。
5
、
A part
from providing the possibility of increased
support and retention for a denture, the presence
of some modified teeth may also give to
the denture wearer the advantages of alveolar
ridge preservation
and better intraoral
discriminatory ability
、
除了为义齿提供增加支持与固位得可能性
,
一些
预备后得牙得存在也可给予戴义齿者保存牙槽嵴得优势与更好得口内
辨别能力。
6
、
The
appear to be little doubt that if a denture is in
contact with or attached to roots, the patient
has
a
significantly
increased
ability
to
discriminate
between
the
size
of
objects
placed
between
the
teeth
and
to
sense
direction
and
to
control
the
amount
of
force
applied
to
the
denture
and
its
supporting
tissues
、
This ability is reduced markedly when
the last tooth or root is removed from the dental
arch
、
毫无疑问地
,
如果义齿接触或附着于牙根部
,
< br>患者对于辨别放置于牙齿中得物体大小与感受方向
,
以及
控制施加于义齿
及其支持组织上得力得能力会显着提高。当从牙弓中移除最后一颗牙或最
后一个牙根时
,
这种能力会显着降低。
四、
Xerostomia
口干症
matrix
基质
Alveolalgia
干槽症
contraindication
禁忌症
Carbonhydrate
碳水化合物
perikymate
采用柱横纹
Pellicle
薄膜
glycoprotein
醣蛋白
Supragingival
龈上得
subgingival
龈下得
Niches
小生境
sulcus
沟
Odontoblast
成牙本质细胞
fibroblast
成纤维细胞
Mesenchymal
间质得
ischaemia
缺血
Granulation
肉芽
hyperplastic
增生
Calculus
牙石
periodontitis
牙周炎
Probing
探查
Scaling
刮治术
Curettage
刮治
RAU
复发性溃疡性口炎
(Recurrent
ulcerative stomatitis)