binding-kaiser
2019
年北京高考二模分类汇编
--
七选五
1.
2019
东城二模
A
cultural view on personal space
It’s a
well
-
known fact that the
British prefer a large “bubble” of personal space
around them.
46
And in South America, a
friend may grab you by the arm during
conversation to make their point.
Now, a study published in the
Journal of Cross-Cultural
Psychology
has looked
into
why different cultures have such different
approaches to personal space.
47
They
developed
an
e
arlier
study
that
divided
individuals
into
“contact”
and
“non
-
contact”
cultures.
Contact
cultures—
southern
European,
Latin
American
and
Arabian
—
engaged
in
more
touching
and
stood
closer
during
conversation
than
non-contact cultures in
northern Europe, North America and parts of Asia.
To
a
degree,
this
proved
correct.
Argentina
becomes
known
as
the
most
touchy-
feely nation; people here keep the same distance
from a stranger as a British
person
would
an
acquaintance
and
a
Canadian
individual
a
close
friend
or
partner.
48
They come out
with the widest distance you should stand from a
stranger
—
more
than 1.3m
—
but one
of the narrowest gaps for close friends, just
40cm, compared to
nearly
60cm
for
a
British
person.
So
the
theory
of
warm
versus
cold
is
not
as
straightforward as it
sounds.
49
The higher a country’s
average temperature, the closer people will stand
to
a stranger.
But
older
people
in
warm
climates
keep a bigger distance
from
close
friends and stand
closer to strangers; women generally keep a
greater distance from
someone they
don’t know.
The academics
leading this study admit that there is a lot more
to do. But what
we do know is to keep
your distance in Canada; prepare for a hug in
Argentina.
50
They like to stand closer than anybody.
To keep warm, perhaps.
A. It’s
important to get the distance right,
though.
B. Romanians clearly
take longer to establish trust.
C. How close we stand to other people
varies widely between countries.
D. And
if you end up on good terms with a Norwegian,
don’t draw b
ack.
E. However, in India people will pack
into trains and buses without a second thought.
F.
One
theory
the
researchers
wanted
to
test
was
whether
climate
affects
personal
space.
G. The
study certainly found that climate, age and gender
have an effect on personal
distance
across cultures.
1
/
8
2.
2019
西城二模
Healthy
See, Healthy Do
Visit the grocery store
on an empty stomach, and you will probably come
home
with
a
few
things
you
did
not
plan
to
buy.
But
hunger
is
not
the
only
cause
of
additional
purchases.
The
location
of
store
displays
(
摆放
)
also
influences
our
shopping choices.
46
The checkout area is a
particular hotspot for junk food. Studies have
found that
the products most commonly
found there are sugary and salty snacks.
47
A 2012
study in the
Netherlands found that hospital workers were more
likely to give up junk
food
for
healthy
snacks
when
the
latter
were
more
readily
available
on
canteen
shelves,
for
example.
In
2014
Norwegian
and
Icelandic
researchers
also
found
that
replacing
unhealthy
foods
with
healthy
ones
in
the
checkout
area
significantly
increased
last-minute sales of healthier foods.
48
It
has
been
working
with
more
than
1,000
store
owners
to
encourage
them to order
and promote nutritious foods. “We know
that the stores are full of cues
(
暗示
) meant to
encourage consumption,” says Tamar Adjoian, a
research
scientist at
the
department,
“Making
healthy
foods
more
convenient
or
appealing
can
lead
to
increased
sales of those products.”
Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if
such findings would apply to their city’s
crowded
urban
checkout
areas,
so
they
selected
three
Bronx
supermarkets
for
their
own study.
49
Then they recorded purchases over six
three-hour periods in each
store for
two weeks.
Of the more than 2,100 shoppers they
observed, just 4 percent bought anything
from
the
checkout
area.
Among
those
who
did,
however,
customers
in
the
healthy
lines purchased
nutritious foods more than twice as often as those
in the standard lines.
5
The findings
were reported in September in the
Journal of Nutrition Education
and Behavior
.
The potential influence may
seem small, but Adjoian believes that changing
more
checkout lines would open
customers’ eyes to nutritious,
lower
-calorie foods. Health
department
officials
are
now exploring ways to
expand healthy
options at
checkout
counters throughout
New York City.
A. These
foods give people more energy.
B. They
bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often.
C. And it may make or break some
healthy eating habits.
D. The
supermarkets began to offer nutritious, lower-
calorie foods.
E. These findings caught
the attention of New York City Department of
Health.
F. They replaced
candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the
checkout counter.
G. And a few studies
have suggested that simply swapping in healthier
options can
change customer behavior.
2
/
8
3. 2019
海淀二模
Exam Anxiety
Has this ever
happened to you? You’ve been studying hard for
your midterm, but
when you walk into
your exam, your mind goes blank, your heart races
fast, you get
sweaty palms and find it
hard to breathe.
46
Everyone feels stressed
during exams. Usually, it results from
a fear of failure,
lack of
adequate preparation time and bad experiences
taking tests in the past. This is
normal
and
often
helps
you
work
harder,
think
faster
and
generally
improve
your
performance.
47
You
may
also
feel
that
other
people
are
managing
the
exam
better
than
you.
This
can
cause
you
to
feel
that
your
mind
has
“gone
blank”
on
information you know you
have revised.
48
Some choose to ignore the problem,
while others don’t review because
they
think they will do badly anyway and even miss
exams due to the anxiety. It can
also
be really easy to think that if you don’t try and
then you fail, you won’t feel as
bad as
if you fail after trying really hard.
So what can you do to fight against the
negative mindset and stay calm before
and during
your test?
49
Yes, this seems
obvious, but it’s worth repeating. If
you
feel
confident
that
you’ve
prepared
thoroughly,
you’ll
feel
more
confident
walking
into
the
test.
The
second
tip
is
simple:
just
start.
The
blank
page
can
maximize
your anxiety.
50
You can always go back and change things later if
needed,
but
a
few
quick
answers
can
get
the
ball
rolling.
Besides,
allocating(
分配
)
your
time
is
equally
important.
Look
through
the
whole
test
before
getting
started.
Mentally
allocate
how
much
time
you’ll
spend
on
each
section.
If
there’s
time
to
recheck, even better.
A. The first thing you should do is to
be prepared.
B. People often deal with
exam stress in many unhelpful ways.
C.
If these classic signs of exam anxiety sound
familiar,
you’re not alone!
D. Therefore, people need an
appropriate amount of pressure to help deal with
exams.
E. Realizing time is almost up
and
that there’s still a lot of blank
space will make you
desperate.
F. However, if you are overly anxious
about the result, you may be unable to focus on
your work.
G. After you get
the paper, dive right in by getting some questions
done to build up
your confidence.
3
/
8
4. 2019
朝阳二模
Films and computer games
In
just a few decades the gaming industry has become
much bigger than the film
business.
What
is
called
“interactive
entertainment”
makes
more
money
than
Hollywood cinema. Is
there any way of making films more appealing to
people who
like to play computer games?
Making
a
film
out
of
a
best-selling
computer
game
can
guarantee
a
large
audience. ___46___ Nowadays films are
made with similar ones. They have attractive
action
scenes
relying
on
fantasy
effects
as
well.
Gaming
markets
consist
of
science-fiction games,
and film-makers have also set films in science-
fiction worlds.
___47___ Any attempt to
borrow more than the setting from a game is
certain to fail.
Why do gamers feel
disappointed by films based on their favorite
games? One of
the
reasons
is
technical.
Now
everything
can
be
computer-produced.
___48___
However, filming a scene from 20
different cameras would cost a fortune, so it
simply
isn’t done in the film
version—
leaving the gamers feeling that
the
film didn’t look as
real
as the computer game.
___49___ In a film the director doesn’t
show you some things to keep you have
the
feeling
of
excitement
or
anxiety.
For
example,
you
wouldn’t
be
interested
in
watching
the
film
if
you
knew
the
identity
of
the
murderer.
But
this
is
not
true
for
computer
games. When you play a game, you have to do
certain tasks to continue to
the new
level. ___50___ You are always in control as a
player, while in the cinema
you never
control the action. You just sit and watch.
There can be some interaction between
films and computer games on different
levels. For all the similarities
between technologies and special effects, we
shouldn’t
forget that a story and a
game are fundamentally different.
A.
Cameras matter in another sense, too.
B. The success of a game usually lies
in the use of special effects.
C. You
can’t influence what happens at all in the
computer games.
D. Computer
games may show the action from a number of views
easily.
E. The game has a good chance
of being as successful as the film on which it is
based.
F. You must be able to have
access to all the information in order to decide
what to do
next.
G. However,
the difficulty for film producers appears to be
knowing where and when
to stop.
4
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8