-
2017
年
11
月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following two
passages into Chinese.
Passage 1
You’ve
temporarily misplaced your cell phone and
anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or
perhaps
you
never
let
go
of
your
phone
—
it's
always
in
your
hand,
your
pocket,
or
your
bag,
ready
to
be
answered
or
consulted at a moment’s notice. When
new models come out, you feel bad about saying
goodbye to your electronic
pal. And
when your battery life runs down at the end of the
day, you feel that yours is running low as well.
New
research
shows
that
there’s
a
psychological
reason
for
such
extreme
phone
dependence:
According
to
the
attachment theory perspective, for some
of us, our phone serves the same function as the
teddy bear we clung to in
childhood.
Attachment
theory
proposes
that
our
early
life
experiences
with
the
major
figures
responsible
for
our
well-being, namely
parents or other caregivers, are at the root of
our connections to the adults with whom we form
close relationships. Importantly,
attachment in early life can extend to inanimate
objects. Teddy bears, for example,
serve as what the attachment theorist
D.W. Winnicott calls “transitional objects.” The
teddy bear, unlike the parent,
is
always
there. When children
can’t be with their parents, they can still be
with their teddy bear. These stuffed
animals also serve as a transition
between dependence and independence when young
children begin to develop a
separate
sense of self. We extend our dependence on
caregivers to these animals, and use them to help
us move to
greater autonomy and an
independent sense of self.
A cell phone
has the potential to be a “compensatory
attachment” object. Although phones are often
castigated
for their
addict
ive potential, scientists cite
evidence that supports the idea that “healthy,
well
-functioning adults also
report significant emotional attachment
to special objects”.
Indeed,
cell
phones
have
become
a
pervasive
feature
of
our
lives:
The
number
of
cell
phone
subscriptions
exceeds the
total population of the planet. The average amount
of mobile or smartphone use in the U.S. is 3.3
hours
per day; young adults (ages 18 to
24) report 5.2 hours on an average day. People
also like to be near their phones: A
2013 survey reports that 79 percent of
users keep their phones with them for all but two
of their waking hours.
Nearly as many
people report being distressed when they’re
separated from their phone.
Passage 2
Many
countries
have
adopted
the
principle
of
sustainable
development.
When
put
into
practice,
it
helps
combat environmental
deterioration in air quality, water levels and
terrestrial control. At the same time, its
practice
maintains habitat diversity,
and it also helps improve poverty situations,
controls overconsumption and improves
health and education. Finally,
sustainable development
promotes viable
roles for all members of societies, while
improving
the
economic
situation
of
developing
countries.
This
means
important
roles
for
teachers,
doctors,
students, businesses, governments,
native people and trade unions.
Whereas
interdependence is desirable during times of
peace, war necessitates competition and
independence.
Tariffs and importation
limits strengthen a country's economic vitality
while potentially weakening the economies
of
its
enemies.
Moreover,
protectionism
in
the
weapons
industry
is
highly
desirable
during
such
circumstances
because
reliance on another state for armaments can be
fatal.
For the most part, economists
emphasize the negative effects of protectionism.
It reduces international trade
and
raises prices for consumers. In addition, domestic
firms that receive protection have less incentive
to innovate.
Although free trade puts
uncompetitive firms out of business, the displaced
workers and resources are ultimately
allocated to other areas of the
economy.
Imposing
quotas
is
a
method
used
to
protect
trade,
since
foreign
companies
cannot
ship
more
products
regardless of how
low they set their prices. Countries that hope to
help a new industry thrive locally often impose
quotas on imported goods. They believe
that such restrictions allow entities in the new
industry to develop their
own
competitive advantages and produce the products
efficiently. Developing countries often use this
argument to
justify their restrictions
on foreign goods.
Protectionism’s
purpose is usually to create jobs for domestic
workers. Companies that operate in industries
protected by quotas hire workers
locally. This trend continues until foreign
countries retaliate by imposing similar
measures within that industry.
Another disadvantage of quotas is the
reduction in the quality of products in the
absence of competition from
foreign
companies.
Without
competition,
local
firms
are
less
likely
to
invest
in
innovation
and
improve
their
products and services. Domestic sellers
don’t have an incentive to enhance efficiency and
lower their prices, and
under such
conditions, consumers eventually pay more for
products and services they could receive from
foreign
competitors. As local companies
lose competitiveness, they become
pressured to outsource jobs. In the
long-run,
increasing protectionism
commonly leads to layoffs and economic slowdown.
2017
年
11
月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 2: Chinese-English Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following two
passages into English.
Passage 1
人类在漫长发
展进程中创造了丰富多彩的世界文明,中华文明是世界文明多样性、多元化的重要组成
部
分。中医药作为中华文明的杰出代表,是中国各族人民在几千年生产生活实践和与疾病作斗争中逐步形
成并不断丰富发展的医学科学,不仅为中华民族繁衍昌盛作出了卓越贡献,也对世界文明进步产生了 积极
影响。
中医药在历史发展进程中
,兼容并蓄、创新开放,形成了独特的生命观、健康观、疾病观、防治观,
实现了自然科
学与人文科学的融合和统一,蕴含了中华民族深邃的哲学思想。随着人们健康观念变化和医
学模式转变,中医药越来越显示出独特价值。中医药与西医药优势互补,相互促进,共同维护和增进民众
健康,已经成为中国医疗卫生体制的重要特征和显著优势。
Passage 2
人人有饭吃,是人类最基本的生存权利,是一切人权的基础。
全球农业发展取得了长足的进步,但饥
饿和贫困依然是一种
“<
/p>
无声的危机
”
,困扰着全人类。目前世界
上还有
8
亿多贫困人口面临着食物
不足、营
养不良的威胁。促进农业发展,消除饥饿和贫困,依然是世界面临的重大挑战,
也是全人类肩负的共同责
任。国际社会应当携起手来,加强农业合作,更多关注发展中国
家、尤其是一些最不发达国家的诉求。应
减少贸易保护,
加强对
最不发达国家农业技术、
资金等支持,
提高全球农业生产水平和
粮食安全保障水平。
中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,任何
时候都是维护世界粮食安全的积极力量。尽管中国农业进一
步发展面临不少困难,但我们
仍将不懈努力,用行动来兑现诺言,主要依靠自己的力量解决好吃饭问
题。我们愿与世界各国携手奋进,共同创造一个无饥饿、无贫
困、可持续发展的世界。
2017
年
5
月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following two
passages into Chinese.
Passage 1
This
Agenda is a plan of action for people, planet and
prosperity. It also seeks to strengthen universal
peace in
larger freedom. We recognize
that eradicating poverty in all its forms and
dimensions, including extreme poverty, is
the greatest global challenge and an
indispensable requirement for sustainable
development.
We are resolved to free
the human race from the alleviation of poverty and
heal and protect our planet.
We are
determined to take the bold and transformative
steps which are urgently needed to shift the world
onto
a sustainable and resilient path.
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169
targets which we are announcing
today
demonstrate
the
scale
and
ambition
of
this
new
universal
Agenda.
They
seek
to
build
on
the
Millennium
Development Goals and complete what
these did not achieve. They seek to realize the
human
rights of all and to
achieve
gender
equality
and
the
empowerment
of
all
women
and
girls.
They
are
integrated
and
indivisible
and
balance the three dimensions of
sustainable development: the economic, social and
environmental.
We are meeting at a time
of immense challenges to sustainable development.
Billions of our citizens continue
to
live in poverty and are denied a life of dignity.
There
are
rising
inequalities
within
and
among
countries.
Gender
inequality
remains
a
key
challenge.
Unemployment,
particularly
youth
unemployment,
is
a
major
concern.
Global
health
threats,
more
frequent
and
intense natural disasters, spiraling
conflict, violent extremism, terrorism and related
humanitarian crises and forced
displacement
of
people
threaten
to
reverse
much
of
the
development
progress
made
in
recent
decades.
Natural
resource
depletion
and
adverse
impacts
of
environmental
degradation,
including
desertification,
drought,
land
degradation,
freshwater
scarcity
and
loss
of
biodiversity,
add
to
and
exacerbate
the
list
of
challenges
which
humanity faces.
Climate
change is one of the greatest challenges of our
time and its adverse impacts undermine the ability
of
all countries to achieve sustainable
development. The Millennium Development Goals were
agreed 15 years ago.
These provided an
important framework for development and
significant progress has been made in a number of
areas. But the progress has been
uneven, particularly in Africa, least developed
countries, landlocked developing
countries, and small island developing
States, and some of the Millennium Development
Goals remain off-track, in
particular
those related to maternal, newborn and child
health and to reproductive health.
We
recommit
ourselves
to
the
full
realization
of
all
the
Millennium
Development
Goals,
including
the
off-track
Millennium
Development
Goals,
in
particular
by
providing
focused
and
scaled-up
assistance
to
least
developed
countries
and
other
countries
in
special
situations,
in
line
with
relevant
support
programs.
The
new
Agenda
builds
on
the
Millennium
Development
Goals
and
seeks
to
complete
what
these
did
not
achieve,
particularly in
reaching the most vulnerable countries.
Passage 2
Entrepreneurs in Silicon
Valley, only half-jokingly, call it the URL
strategy. The three letters usually stand for
Uniform Resource
Locator
—
the unique address
of any file that is accessible via the internet.
But in the world of
internet start-ups,
URL has another meaning: Ubiquity first, Revenue
Later. This pretty much describes the strategy
of most big online social networks,
which over the past few years have concentrated on
piling on users rather than
worrying
about profits.
That has allowed them to
build huge followings, but it has also raised a
big question-mark over their
ability
to make money from
the audiences they have put together.
And the issue is whether the social-
networking industry can come up with a wildly
successful form of advertising
in the
same way that Google has been able to make
billions of dollars from the targeted ads that run
alongside the
search results it serves
up. Without such a formula, runs the argument,
social networks such as Facebook will never
amount
to
much.
Doubters
claim
that
the
networks
face
two
big
handicaps.
The
first
is
that
people
logged
into
social-networking sites
are there to hang out with their friends, so they
will pay no attention to ads. The second is
that because the sites let users
generate their own content, they will find it hard
to attract advertisers because brands
will not
want to take the
risk of appearing alongside examples of profanity,
obscenity or nudity
—
or all
three at
once.
But
the
broader
outlook
for
networking
sites
is
more
encouraging.
One
reason
is
that
advertisers
are
being
drawn to the leading
sites by their sheer scale. Facebook's audience is
bigger than any TV network that has ever
existed on the face of the earth.
Another thing that has attracted companies is the
networks' ability to target ads with
laser-like precision, thanks to the
data they hold on their users' ages, gender,
interests and so forth. Although there
are still lingering concerns about
brands appearing next to racy content, firms seem
more
willing to run this
risk
now that the networks' advertising
proposition has become more compelling.
In addition to advertising-driven
business model,
networks
are already making healthy profits from sales of
games and virtual goods. The beauty of
this business for social networks is that the cost
of producing and storing
virtual
inventory
is
minimal.
Moreover,
because
these
are
closed
markets,
networks
can
fix
prices
at
levels
that
generate fat margins.
To some, the notion that big money can be made
from selling make-believe items may seem
bizarre. But the practice replicates
the physical presents that people give to one
another to cement relationships in
the
real world.
2017
年
5
月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 2: Chinese-English Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following two
passages into English.
Passage 1
本公司是全球最大最强的冶金建设运营服务商,拥有
24
万在职员工,资产规模超
7000
亿元,境外
机构、资源项目
与承建工程遍布全球
60
多个国家
和地区。本公司有着独特的全产业链竞争优势,公司在
全球金属矿业领域率先打通了从资
源获取、勘查、设计、施工、运营到流通、深加工的全产业链,形成了
为金属矿产企业提
供系统性解决方案和工程建设运营一体化全生命周期的服务能力。
本公司金属矿产资源储量丰富,在国内外拥有一批世界级优质矿山。在冶金工业建设领域,公司积累
了贯穿各环节的核心技术优势和设计施工能力,承担了中国大中型钢铁企业超过
< br>
90%
的设计施工任务和全
球
60%
冶金建设任务,
是冶金建设的
“
国家队
”<
/p>
。
公司拥有遍布全球的贸易流通网络,
全
球采购、
全球营销,
金属矿产品流通规模稳居国内第一。
Passage 2
我们应该积极
促进结构性改革,特别是供给侧改革。中国经济发展面临结构性的矛盾,供给和需求两
侧
都有,主要在供给侧,我们要用改革的办法推进结构调整,减少无效和低端的供给,扩大有效和中高端
的供给,这既有利于经济转型,也有利于促进经济增长。
其中重要的方面就是要淘汰严重过剩的产能,重点是抓好钢铁、煤炭等困难行业去产能,近年来已经
p>
取得些许成就,生煤和生铁产量下降,但还要进一步减少,主要是运用市场化和法治化手段,
严格环保、
质量、安全等标准。去产能最大的难题是人往哪里去。企业要采取多种措施使
职工转岗不下岗,中央和地
方政府都要对职工分流安置给予必要的支持。
产能过剩是一个全球性的问题,
我们将主动采取行动去产能,
< br>这本身就表明中国是负责任的大国。
2016
年
11
月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following two
passages into Chinese.
Passage 1
Everyone knows that
weddings
—
the most elaborate
and costly form of old school pageantry still
acceptable in
modern
society
—
are stupid
expensive. But it turns out Americans are now
blowing even more money than ever
before on what’s supposed to be the
most magical day of any couple’s life together.
Money that, to be honest, could
be
spent on much, much cooler stuff.
The
Knot released its annual wedding survey this week,
with findings showing that couples are spending a
mind-numbing average of $$32,641 on
matrimonial celebrations. The study includes data
from nearly 18,000 pairs
across
the country.
While
the
cost
of
a
wedding
varied
greatly
from
city
to
city
—
reaching a
nauseating high of
$$82,300
in Manhattan
—
the price was
steep no matter where couples chose to get
hitched. All this despite the fact
that
weddings (and marriages in general, honestly) can
be a fairly impractical thing to invest in.
Seriously, even 50
Cent doesn’t spend
as much in a day as you’re spen
ding on
a reception band alone. Think about that.
So
rather
than
buying
into
the
Marriage
Industrial
Complex
on
a
union
that
may
or
may
not
work
out,
wouldn’t it make more sense to save
your hard
-earned money by forgoing the
big ceremony for the major expenses
you’re likely to face in married life?
You know, like a mortgage. Or braces for your
wallet
-draining children-to-be.
And if your fianceé
is dead
set on a fairytale wedding? You could always just
blow your financial load on a plenty
fulfilling single life.
With
nearly $$33,000 to spend in the life of a
singledom, you could get pretty far when it comes
to amenities
and entertainment. Perhaps
the best part of being free from the shackles of
wedding planning is the opportunity to
treat yourself. Like, why
d
rop $$1,400 on a frilly dress you’ll
wear once before it turns to moth food when you
can
rock the most expensive shoes of
the season and look great doing it?
And
while weddings are supposed to be all about the
happy couple, everyone knows that’s bull,
becau
se you
have to feed
your guests and provide them entertainment and put
a roof over their heads for a couple of hours and
likely go into debt doing it.
In addition to simply having fun, there
are some more practical ways to spend your wedding
purse as well. For
instance, purchasing
and providing for a nice house cat rather than
dropping major dough on finger bling intended
for
fending
off
hotties
for
the
rest
of
your
life.
Fluffy
won’t
care
if
you
bring
home
someone
new
every
weekend
—he’ll just hate
everyon
e indiscriminately.
Passage 2
My
teenage son recently informed me that there is an
Internet quiz to test oneself for narcissism. His
friend
had just
taken it. “How did it turn out?” I asked. “He says
he did great!” my son responded. “He got the
maximum
score!”
When I was a child, no one outside the
mental health profession talked about narcissism.
People were
more
concerned
by
inadequate
self-esteem,
which
at
the
time
was
thought
to
lurk
behind
nearly
every
issue.
Like
so
many excesses of the 1970s, the self-
love cult spun out of control and is now rampaging
through our culture like
Godzilla
through Tokyo.
A 2010 study in the
journal Social Psychological and Personality
Science found that the proportion of college
students exhibiting narcissistic
personality traits
–
based
on their scores on the Narcissistic Personality
Inventory, a
widely used diagnostic
test
–
has increased by more
than half since the early 1980s, to 30 per cent.
In their book, The Narcissism Epidemic,
psychology professors Jean M. Twenge and W. Keith
Campbell show
that narcissism has
increased as quickly as obesity has
since the 1980s. Even our egos are
getting fat. This is
a
costly problem. While full-blown
narcissists often report high levels of personal
satisfaction, they create havoc and
misery
around
them.
There
is
overwhelming
evidence
linking
narcissism
with
reduced
honesty
and
increased
aggression. It’s
notable for occasions like Valentine’s Day that
narcissists struggle to stay committed to romantic
partners, in no small part because they
find themselves superior.
The
full-
blown narcissist might reply, “So
what?” But narcissism isn’t an
either
-
or characteristic.
It’s more of a
set
of
progressive
symptoms
(like
alcoholism)
than
an
identifiable
state
(like
diabetes).
Millions
of
Americans
exhibit symptoms,
but still have a conscience and a hunger for moral
improvement. At the very least, they really do
not want to be terrible people.
A
healthy
self-
love
that
leads
to
true
happiness
builds
up
one’s
intrinsic
well
-being,
as
opposed
to
feeding
shallow cravings to
be admired. Cultivating amour de soi requires
being fully alive at this moment, as opposed to
being virtually alive while wondering
what others think. The soulful connection with
another person, the enjoyment
of
a
beautiful
hike
alone,
or
a
prayer
of
thanks
over
your
sleeping
child
could
be
considered
expressions
of
self-love.
2016
年
11
月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 2: Chinese-English Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following two
passages into English.
Passage 1
浙江杭州是风景秀美之地,也是创新活力之城。
G20
杭州峰会的会标,就是用
20
p>
根线条,勾勒出一
个桥型轮廓,同时辅以
“
2016
年
G20”
的英文和篆隶
“
中国
”
p>
印章。
桥,在
G20
独具含义。曾几何时,全球经济治理为发达国家所垄断。
G20
是第一个发达国家和发展
中国家平等参与全球经济治理的机制,
是历史的进步。在这个意义上,
G20
本身就是一座桥,一座
连接历
史与未来、发达国家与发展中国家的桥梁。
在
2016
年的杭州,
在世界经济发展的当下,
桥又有了新的含义。
p>
它寓意着对
G20
成为全球经济之桥、
国际社会合作之桥、面向未来的共赢之桥的殷切期望。桥梁线条
形似光纤,寓意信息技术应用带来
的互联
互通,具有强烈的时代感。我们希望,以杭州峰会为桥梁,各国间的联系将更加紧密,世界经济的前景将 p>
更加广阔。
Passage 2
纵观世界文明
史,人类先后经历了农业革命、工业革命、信息革命。每一次产业技术革命,都给人类
生
产生活带来巨大而深刻的影响。
现在,以互联网为代表的信息
技术日新月异,引领了社会生产新变革,创造了人类生活新空间,拓展
了国家治理新领域
,
极大提高了人类认识世界、
改造世界的能力。
互联网让世界变成了
“
鸡犬之声相闻
< br>”
的地
球村,相隔万里的人们不再
“
老死不相往来
”
。可以说,世界因
互联网而更多彩,生活因互联网而更丰富。
中国正处在信息化
快速发展的历史进程之中。中国高度重视互联网发展,自
21
年前接入国际互联网
以来,我们按照积极利用、科学发展、依法
管理、确保安全的思路,加强信息基础设施建设,发展网络经
济,推进信息惠民。
十三五时期,中国将大力实施网络强国战略、国家大数据战略、
p>
“
互联网
+”
行动
计划,发展积极向上的
网络文化,拓展网络经济空间,促进互联网和经济社会融合发展。
我们的目标,就是要让互联网发展成果
惠及
13
亿多中国人民,更好造福各国人民。
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