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英语二级笔译真题

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来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-29 16:20
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2021年1月29日发(作者:黑纸扇)


2017




11


月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试



英语二级《笔译实务》试卷




Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)


Translate the following two passages into Chinese.




Passage 1



You’ve temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or


perhaps


you


never


let


go


of


your


phone



it's


always


in


your


hand,


your


pocket,


or


your


bag,


ready


to


be


answered


or


consulted at a moment’s notice. When new models come out, you feel bad about saying goodbye to your electronic


pal. And when your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New


research


shows


that


there’s


a


psychological


reason


for


such


extreme


phone


dependence:


According


to


the


attachment theory perspective, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in


childhood.


Attachment


theory


proposes


that


our


early


life


experiences


with


the


major


figures


responsible


for


our


well-being, namely parents or other caregivers, are at the root of our connections to the adults with whom we form


close relationships. Importantly, attachment in early life can extend to inanimate objects. Teddy bears, for example,


serve as what the attachment theorist D.W. Winnicott calls “transitional objects.” The teddy bear, unlike the parent,


is


always


there. When children can’t be with their parents, they can still be with their teddy bear. These stuffed


animals also serve as a transition between dependence and independence when young children begin to develop a


separate sense of self. We extend our dependence on caregivers to these animals, and use them to help us move to


greater autonomy and an independent sense of self.


A cell phone has the potential to be a “compensatory attachment” object. Although phones are often castigated


for their addict


ive potential, scientists cite evidence that supports the idea that “healthy, well


-functioning adults also


report significant emotional attachment to special objects”.



Indeed,


cell


phones


have


become


a


pervasive


feature


of


our


lives:


The


number


of


cell


phone


subscriptions


exceeds the total population of the planet. The average amount of mobile or smartphone use in the U.S. is 3.3 hours


per day; young adults (ages 18 to 24) report 5.2 hours on an average day. People also like to be near their phones: A


2013 survey reports that 79 percent of users keep their phones with them for all but two of their waking hours.


Nearly as many people report being distressed when they’re separated from their phone.















Passage 2



Many


countries


have


adopted


the


principle


of


sustainable


development.


When


put


into


practice,


it


helps


combat environmental deterioration in air quality, water levels and terrestrial control. At the same time, its practice


maintains habitat diversity, and it also helps improve poverty situations, controls overconsumption and improves


health and education. Finally, sustainable development


promotes viable roles for all members of societies, while


improving


the


economic


situation


of


developing


countries.


This


means


important


roles


for


teachers,


doctors,


students, businesses, governments, native people and trade unions.


Whereas interdependence is desirable during times of peace, war necessitates competition and independence.


Tariffs and importation limits strengthen a country's economic vitality while potentially weakening the economies


of


its


enemies.


Moreover,


protectionism


in


the


weapons


industry


is


highly


desirable


during


such


circumstances


because reliance on another state for armaments can be fatal.


For the most part, economists emphasize the negative effects of protectionism. It reduces international trade


and raises prices for consumers. In addition, domestic firms that receive protection have less incentive to innovate.


Although free trade puts uncompetitive firms out of business, the displaced workers and resources are ultimately


allocated to other areas of the economy.


Imposing


quotas


is


a


method


used


to


protect


trade,


since


foreign


companies


cannot


ship


more


products


regardless of how low they set their prices. Countries that hope to help a new industry thrive locally often impose


quotas on imported goods. They believe that such restrictions allow entities in the new industry to develop their


own competitive advantages and produce the products efficiently. Developing countries often use this argument to


justify their restrictions on foreign goods.


Protectionism’s purpose is usually to create jobs for domestic workers. Companies that operate in industries


protected by quotas hire workers locally. This trend continues until foreign countries retaliate by imposing similar


measures within that industry.


Another disadvantage of quotas is the reduction in the quality of products in the absence of competition from


foreign


companies.


Without


competition,


local


firms


are


less


likely


to


invest


in


innovation


and


improve


their


products and services. Domestic sellers don’t have an incentive to enhance efficiency and lower their prices, and


under such conditions, consumers eventually pay more for products and services they could receive from foreign


competitors. As local companies lose competitiveness, they become



pressured to outsource jobs. In the long-run,


increasing protectionism commonly leads to layoffs and economic slowdown.
















2017




11


月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试



英语二级《笔译实务》试卷




Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)


Translate the following two passages into English.




Passage 1



人类在漫长发 展进程中创造了丰富多彩的世界文明,中华文明是世界文明多样性、多元化的重要组成


部 分。中医药作为中华文明的杰出代表,是中国各族人民在几千年生产生活实践和与疾病作斗争中逐步形

< p>
成并不断丰富发展的医学科学,不仅为中华民族繁衍昌盛作出了卓越贡献,也对世界文明进步产生了 积极


影响。



中医药在历史发展进程中 ,兼容并蓄、创新开放,形成了独特的生命观、健康观、疾病观、防治观,


实现了自然科 学与人文科学的融合和统一,蕴含了中华民族深邃的哲学思想。随着人们健康观念变化和医


学模式转变,中医药越来越显示出独特价值。中医药与西医药优势互补,相互促进,共同维护和增进民众


健康,已经成为中国医疗卫生体制的重要特征和显著优势。





Passage 2



人人有饭吃,是人类最基本的生存权利,是一切人权的基础。 全球农业发展取得了长足的进步,但饥


饿和贫困依然是一种


“< /p>


无声的危机



,困扰着全人类。目前世界 上还有



8


亿多贫困人口面临着食物 不足、营


养不良的威胁。促进农业发展,消除饥饿和贫困,依然是世界面临的重大挑战, 也是全人类肩负的共同责


任。国际社会应当携起手来,加强农业合作,更多关注发展中国 家、尤其是一些最不发达国家的诉求。应


减少贸易保护,


加强对 最不发达国家农业技术、


资金等支持,


提高全球农业生产水平和 粮食安全保障水平。



中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,任何 时候都是维护世界粮食安全的积极力量。尽管中国农业进一


步发展面临不少困难,但我们 仍将不懈努力,用行动来兑现诺言,主要依靠自己的力量解决好吃饭问








题。我们愿与世界各国携手奋进,共同创造一个无饥饿、无贫 困、可持续发展的世界。


















2017




5


月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试



英语二级《笔译实务》试卷




Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)


Translate the following two passages into Chinese.



Passage 1



This Agenda is a plan of action for people, planet and prosperity. It also seeks to strengthen universal peace in


larger freedom. We recognize that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is


the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development.


We are resolved to free the human race from the alleviation of poverty and heal and protect our planet.


We are determined to take the bold and transformative steps which are urgently needed to shift the world onto


a sustainable and resilient path. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets which we are announcing


today


demonstrate


the


scale


and


ambition


of


this


new


universal


Agenda.


They


seek


to


build


on


the


Millennium


Development Goals and complete what these did not achieve. They seek to realize the human



rights of all and to


achieve


gender


equality


and


the


empowerment


of


all


women


and


girls.


They


are


integrated


and


indivisible


and


balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic, social and environmental.


We are meeting at a time of immense challenges to sustainable development. Billions of our citizens continue


to live in poverty and are denied a life of dignity.


There


are


rising


inequalities


within


and


among


countries.


Gender


inequality


remains


a


key


challenge.


Unemployment,


particularly


youth


unemployment,


is


a


major


concern.


Global


health


threats,


more


frequent


and


intense natural disasters, spiraling conflict, violent extremism, terrorism and related humanitarian crises and forced


displacement


of


people


threaten


to


reverse


much


of


the


development


progress


made


in


recent


decades.


Natural


resource


depletion


and


adverse


impacts


of


environmental


degradation,


including


desertification,


drought,


land


degradation,


freshwater


scarcity


and


loss


of


biodiversity,


add


to


and


exacerbate


the


list


of


challenges


which


humanity faces.


Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time and its adverse impacts undermine the ability of


all countries to achieve sustainable development. The Millennium Development Goals were agreed 15 years ago.


These provided an important framework for development and significant progress has been made in a number of


areas. But the progress has been uneven, particularly in Africa, least developed countries, landlocked developing


countries, and small island developing States, and some of the Millennium Development Goals remain off-track, in


particular those related to maternal, newborn and child health and to reproductive health.


We


recommit


ourselves


to


the


full


realization


of


all


the


Millennium


Development


Goals,


including


the


off-track


Millennium


Development


Goals,


in


particular


by


providing


focused


and


scaled-up


assistance


to


least


developed


countries


and


other


countries


in


special


situations,


in


line


with


relevant


support


programs.


The


new


Agenda


builds


on


the


Millennium


Development


Goals


and


seeks


to


complete


what


these


did


not


achieve,


particularly in reaching the most vulnerable countries.








Passage 2



Entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley, only half-jokingly, call it the URL strategy. The three letters usually stand for


Uniform Resource Locator



the unique address of any file that is accessible via the internet. But in the world of


internet start-ups, URL has another meaning: Ubiquity first, Revenue Later. This pretty much describes the strategy


of most big online social networks, which over the past few years have concentrated on piling on users rather than


worrying about profits.


That has allowed them to build huge followings, but it has also raised a big question-mark over their



ability


to make money from the audiences they have put together.


And the issue is whether the social- networking industry can come up with a wildly successful form of advertising


in the same way that Google has been able to make billions of dollars from the targeted ads that run alongside the


search results it serves up. Without such a formula, runs the argument, social networks such as Facebook will never


amount


to


much.


Doubters


claim


that


the


networks


face


two


big


handicaps.


The


first


is


that


people


logged


into


social-networking sites are there to hang out with their friends, so they will pay no attention to ads. The second is


that because the sites let users generate their own content, they will find it hard to attract advertisers because brands


will not


want to take the risk of appearing alongside examples of profanity, obscenity or nudity



or all


three at


once.


But


the


broader


outlook


for


networking


sites


is


more


encouraging.


One


reason


is


that


advertisers


are


being


drawn to the leading sites by their sheer scale. Facebook's audience is bigger than any TV network that has ever


existed on the face of the earth. Another thing that has attracted companies is the networks' ability to target ads with


laser-like precision, thanks to the data they hold on their users' ages, gender, interests and so forth. Although there


are still lingering concerns about brands appearing next to racy content, firms seem more



willing to run this risk


now that the networks' advertising proposition has become more compelling.


In addition to advertising-driven business model,



networks are already making healthy profits from sales of


games and virtual goods. The beauty of this business for social networks is that the cost of producing and storing


virtual


inventory


is


minimal.


Moreover,


because


these


are


closed


markets,


networks


can


fix


prices


at


levels


that


generate fat margins. To some, the notion that big money can be made from selling make-believe items may seem


bizarre. But the practice replicates the physical presents that people give to one another to cement relationships in


the real world.

















2017




5


月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试



英语二级《笔译实务》试卷




Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)


Translate the following two passages into English.




Passage 1



本公司是全球最大最强的冶金建设运营服务商,拥有



24


万在职员工,资产规模超



7000


亿元,境外


机构、资源项目 与承建工程遍布全球



60


多个国家 和地区。本公司有着独特的全产业链竞争优势,公司在


全球金属矿业领域率先打通了从资 源获取、勘查、设计、施工、运营到流通、深加工的全产业链,形成了


为金属矿产企业提 供系统性解决方案和工程建设运营一体化全生命周期的服务能力。


本公司金属矿产资源储量丰富,在国内外拥有一批世界级优质矿山。在冶金工业建设领域,公司积累


了贯穿各环节的核心技术优势和设计施工能力,承担了中国大中型钢铁企业超过

< br>


90%


的设计施工任务和全




60%


冶金建设任务,


是冶金建设的



国家队


”< /p>



公司拥有遍布全球的贸易流通网络,


全 球采购、


全球营销,


金属矿产品流通规模稳居国内第一。





Passage 2



我们应该积极 促进结构性改革,特别是供给侧改革。中国经济发展面临结构性的矛盾,供给和需求两


侧 都有,主要在供给侧,我们要用改革的办法推进结构调整,减少无效和低端的供给,扩大有效和中高端

< p>
的供给,这既有利于经济转型,也有利于促进经济增长。



其中重要的方面就是要淘汰严重过剩的产能,重点是抓好钢铁、煤炭等困难行业去产能,近年来已经


取得些许成就,生煤和生铁产量下降,但还要进一步减少,主要是运用市场化和法治化手段, 严格环保、


质量、安全等标准。去产能最大的难题是人往哪里去。企业要采取多种措施使 职工转岗不下岗,中央和地


方政府都要对职工分流安置给予必要的支持。


产能过剩是一个全球性的问题,


我们将主动采取行动去产能,

< br>这本身就表明中国是负责任的大国。


















2016




11


月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试



英语二级《笔译实务》试卷




Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)


Translate the following two passages into Chinese.




Passage 1



Everyone knows that weddings



the most elaborate and costly form of old school pageantry still acceptable in


modern society



are stupid expensive. But it turns out Americans are now blowing even more money than ever


before on what’s supposed to be the most magical day of any couple’s life together. Money that, to be honest, could


be spent on much, much cooler stuff.


The Knot released its annual wedding survey this week, with findings showing that couples are spending a


mind-numbing average of $$32,641 on matrimonial celebrations. The study includes data from nearly 18,000 pairs


across


the country.


While


the


cost


of


a


wedding


varied greatly


from


city


to


city



reaching a


nauseating high of


$$82,300 in Manhattan



the price was steep no matter where couples chose to get hitched. All this despite the fact


that weddings (and marriages in general, honestly) can be a fairly impractical thing to invest in. Seriously, even 50


Cent doesn’t spend as much in a day as you’re spen


ding on a reception band alone. Think about that.


So


rather


than


buying


into


the


Marriage


Industrial


Complex


on


a


union


that


may


or


may


not


work


out,


wouldn’t it make more sense to save your hard


-earned money by forgoing the big ceremony for the major expenses


you’re likely to face in married life? You know, like a mortgage. Or braces for your wallet


-draining children-to-be.


And if your fianceé


is dead set on a fairytale wedding? You could always just blow your financial load on a plenty


fulfilling single life.


With nearly $$33,000 to spend in the life of a singledom, you could get pretty far when it comes to amenities


and entertainment. Perhaps the best part of being free from the shackles of wedding planning is the opportunity to


treat yourself. Like, why d


rop $$1,400 on a frilly dress you’ll wear once before it turns to moth food when you can


rock the most expensive shoes of the season and look great doing it?


And while weddings are supposed to be all about the happy couple, everyone knows that’s bull, becau


se you


have to feed your guests and provide them entertainment and put a roof over their heads for a couple of hours and


likely go into debt doing it.


In addition to simply having fun, there are some more practical ways to spend your wedding purse as well. For


instance, purchasing and providing for a nice house cat rather than dropping major dough on finger bling intended


for


fending


off


hotties


for


the


rest


of


your


life.


Fluffy


won’t


care


if


you


bring


home


someone


new



every


weekend


—he’ll just hate everyon


e indiscriminately.











Passage 2



My teenage son recently informed me that there is an Internet quiz to test oneself for narcissism. His



friend


had just taken it. “How did it turn out?” I asked. “He says he did great!” my son responded. “He got the


maximum


score!”



When I was a child, no one outside the mental health profession talked about narcissism. People were



more


concerned


by


inadequate


self-esteem,


which


at


the


time


was


thought


to


lurk


behind


nearly


every


issue.


Like


so


many excesses of the 1970s, the self- love cult spun out of control and is now rampaging through our culture like


Godzilla through Tokyo.


A 2010 study in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science found that the proportion of college


students exhibiting narcissistic personality traits



based on their scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, a


widely used diagnostic test



has increased by more than half since the early 1980s, to 30 per cent.


In their book, The Narcissism Epidemic, psychology professors Jean M. Twenge and W. Keith Campbell show


that narcissism has increased as quickly as obesity has


since the 1980s. Even our egos are getting fat. This is


a


costly problem. While full-blown narcissists often report high levels of personal satisfaction, they create havoc and


misery


around


them.


There


is


overwhelming


evidence


linking


narcissism


with


reduced


honesty


and


increased


aggression. It’s notable for occasions like Valentine’s Day that narcissists struggle to stay committed to romantic


partners, in no small part because they find themselves superior.


The full-


blown narcissist might reply, “So what?” But narcissism isn’t an either


-


or characteristic. It’s more of a


set


of


progressive


symptoms


(like


alcoholism)


than


an


identifiable


state


(like


diabetes).


Millions


of


Americans


exhibit symptoms, but still have a conscience and a hunger for moral improvement. At the very least, they really do


not want to be terrible people.


A


healthy


self-


love


that


leads


to


true


happiness


builds


up


one’s


intrinsic


well


-being,


as


opposed


to


feeding


shallow cravings to be admired. Cultivating amour de soi requires being fully alive at this moment, as opposed to


being virtually alive while wondering what others think. The soulful connection with another person, the enjoyment


of


a


beautiful


hike


alone,


or


a


prayer


of


thanks


over


your


sleeping


child


could


be


considered


expressions


of


self-love.



















2016




11


月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试



英语二级《笔译实务》试卷




Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)


Translate the following two passages into English.




Passage 1



浙江杭州是风景秀美之地,也是创新活力之城。


G20


杭州峰会的会标,就是用



20


根线条,勾勒出一


个桥型轮廓,同时辅以


“ 2016




G20”


的英文和篆隶



中国



印章。



桥,在



G20


独具含义。曾几何时,全球经济治理为发达国家所垄断。


G20


是第一个发达国家和发展


中国家平等参与全球经济治理的机制, 是历史的进步。在这个意义上,


G20


本身就是一座桥,一座 连接历


史与未来、发达国家与发展中国家的桥梁。





2016


年的杭州,


在世界经济发展的当下,


桥又有了新的含义。


它寓意着对



G20

成为全球经济之桥、


国际社会合作之桥、面向未来的共赢之桥的殷切期望。桥梁线条 形似光纤,寓意信息技术应用带来



的互联

互通,具有强烈的时代感。我们希望,以杭州峰会为桥梁,各国间的联系将更加紧密,世界经济的前景将


更加广阔。





Passage 2



纵观世界文明 史,人类先后经历了农业革命、工业革命、信息革命。每一次产业技术革命,都给人类


生 产生活带来巨大而深刻的影响。



现在,以互联网为代表的信息 技术日新月异,引领了社会生产新变革,创造了人类生活新空间,拓展


了国家治理新领域 ,


极大提高了人类认识世界、


改造世界的能力。


互联网让世界变成了



鸡犬之声相闻

< br>”


的地


球村,相隔万里的人们不再



老死不相往来



。可以说,世界因 互联网而更多彩,生活因互联网而更丰富。



中国正处在信息化 快速发展的历史进程之中。中国高度重视互联网发展,自



21


年前接入国际互联网


以来,我们按照积极利用、科学发展、依法 管理、确保安全的思路,加强信息基础设施建设,发展网络经


济,推进信息惠民。



十三五时期,中国将大力实施网络强国战略、国家大数据战略、



互联网


+”


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