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RULES OF BASKETBALL
The
rules of basketball
are the
rules and regulations that govern the play,
officiating,
equipment
and
procedures
of
basketball.
Most
leagues,
including
the
National
Basketball Association, govern their
own rules. In addition, the Technical Commission
of
the
International
Basketball
Federation
(FIBA)
determines
rules
for
international
play.
Original Rules
James
Naismith
published
in
1891,
his
rules
for
the
game
of
Ball
that
he
invented:
[1]
The
original game played under these rules was quite
different than the one
played today as
there was no dribbling, dunking, or three
pointers.
1.
The
ball may be thrown in any direction with one or
both hands.
2.
The ball may be batted in any direction
with one or both hands.
3.
A player
cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it
from the spot on
which he catches it,
allowance to be made for a man who catches the
ball when
running at a good speed if he
tries to stop.
4.
The ball must
be held in or between the hands; the arms or body
must not be
used for holding it.
5.
No
shouldering, holding, striking, pushing, or
tripping in any way of an opponent.
The
first infringement of this rule by any person
shall count as a foul; the second
shall
disqualify him until the next basket is made or,
if there was evident intent to
injure
the person, for the whole of the game. No
substitution shall be allowed.
6.
A foul is
striking at the ball with the fist, violation of
rules three and four and
such described
in rule five
7.
If either side makes three consecutive
fouls, it shall count a goal for the
opponents (consecutive means without
the opponents in the mean time making a
foul).
8.
A goal shall
be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the
grounds into the
basket
and
stays there
(without falling),
providing
those defending
the
goal do
not
touch
or
disturb
the
goal.
If
the
ball
rests
on
the
edges,
and
the
opponent
moves the basket, it shall count as a
goal.
9.
When the ball goes out of bounds, it
shall be thrown into the field of play and
played by the first person touching it.
In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it
straight
into
the
field.
The
thrower-in
is
allowed
five
seconds.
If
he
holds
it
longer,
it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists
in delaying the game, the
umpire shall
call a foul on that side.
10.
T
he umpire shall be the
judge of the men and shall note the fouls and
notify the
referee
when
three
consecutive
fouls
have
been
made.
He
shall
have power to
disqualify
people according to Rule 5.
11.
T
he referee shall be judge
of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in
play, in
bounds, to which side it
belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide
when a
goal has been made and keep
account of the baskets, with any other duties that
are usually performed by a scorekeeper.
12.
T
he time shall be two
fifteen-minute halves, with five minutes rest
between.
13.
T
he side making the most
points in that time is declared the winner.
Players, substitutes, teams
and teammates
Naismith's original rules
did not specify how many players were to be on the
court. In
1900, five players became
standard, and players that were substituted were
not allowed
to
re-enter
the
game.
Players
were
allowed
to
re-enter
a
game
once
from
1921,
and
twice
from
1934;
such
restrictions
on
substitutions
were
abolished
in
1945
when
substitutions became
unlimited.
Coaching
was
originally
prohibited
during the
game,
but from 1949, coaches
were allowed to address players during a time-out.
Originally a player was disqualified on
his second foul. This limit became four fouls in
1911 and five fouls in 1945, still the
case in most forms of basketball where the normal
length
of
the
game
(before
any
overtime
periods)
is
40
minutes.
When
the
normal
length is 48 minutes (this is the case
with the
National Basketball
Association in the
United States and
the National Basketball League in Australia, among
others) a player
is accordingly
disqualified on his sixth foul.
Shot
clock and time limits
See also:
Defensive three-second violation
The
first time restriction on possession of the ball
was introduced in 1933, where teams
were
required
to
advance
the
ball
over
the
center
line
within
ten
seconds
of
gaining
possession. This
rule remained until 2000, when FIBA reduced the
requirement to eight
seconds,
the
NBA
following
suit
in
2001.
The
NCAA
retains
the
10-second
rule
for
men's
play,
but
has
never
adopted
a
time
limit
for
women's
play.
U.S.
high
schools,
whose rules are
drafted by NFHS, also use the 10-second rule for
both sexes.
In
1936
the
three-second
rule
was
introduced.
This
rule
prohibits
offensive
players
from remaining near their opponents'
basket for longer than three seconds (the precise
restricted
area
is
also
known
as
the
lane
or
the
key
).
A
game
central
to
this
rule's
introduction was that between the
University of Kentucky and New York
University.
Kentucky coach Adolph Rupp
did not take one of his referees with him, despite
being
warned of discrepancies
in officiating
between
the
midwest
and
east by
Notre
Dame
coach George Keogan,
and the game became especially rough. Because of
this game
and others, 6'5
m)
Kentucky All American center Leroy Edwards is
generally
recognized as the player
responsible for the 3 second rule.
While the rule was originally adopted
to reduce roughness in the area between big men,
it
is
now
considered
to
prevent
tall
offensive
players
from
gaining
an
advantage
by
waiting close to the basket. When the
NBA started to allow
zone defense in
2001, a
three-second rule for defensive
players was also introduced.
The shot
clock was first introduced by the NBA in 1954, to
increase the speed of play.
Teams were
then required to attempt a shot within 24 seconds
of gaining possession,
and
the
shot
clock
would
be
reset
when
the
ball
touched
the
basket's
rim
or
the
backboard, or the
opponents gained possession. FIBA adopted a
30-second shot clock
two
years
later,
resetting
the
clock
when
a
shot
was
attempted.
Women's
basketball
adopted
a
30-second
clock
in
1971.
The
NCAA
adopted
a
45-second
shot
clock
for
men
while
continuing
with
the
30-second
clock
for
women
in
1985.
The
men's
shot
clock
was
then
reduced
to
35
seconds
in
1993.
FIBA
reduced
the
shot
clock
to
24
seconds in 2000, and changed the
clock's resetting to when the ball touched the rim
of
the basket. Originally, a missed
shot where the shot clock expired while the ball
is in
the air constituted a violation.
In 2003 the rule was changed so that the ball
remains live
in this situation, as long
as it touched the rim. If the ball touches the rim
and slightly
bounces over the
basketball hoop it will be called as a loose ball.
Fouls, free throws and violations
Dribbling was not part of the original
game, but was introduced in 1901. At the time, a
player could only bounce the ball once,
and could not shoot after he had dribbled. The
definition of dribbling became the
more than one bounce, and a player who
had dribbled was then allowed to shoot.
Running with the ball ceased to be
considered a foul in 1922, and became a violation,
meaning that the only penalty was loss
of possession. Striking the ball with the fist has
also become a violation. From 1931, if
a closely guarded player withheld the ball from
play for five seconds, play was stopped
and resumed with a jump ball; such a situation
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