-
t, ignore, omit
“忽略,遗漏”
neglect
p>
指对职责、义务或应做的事没有给予足够的注意,这种忘记可能是有意的,也可能
是无意的。
Those who
neglect their duties should be punished.
玩忽职守者应受惩罚。
Why do
they always neglect the traffic regulation?
ignore
指疏忽、不顾、强调对某人或某物故意不理会,有时还带有固执
地拒绝的意味。
When I saw Tom, I
stopped to greet him, but he ignored me and walked
on.
The teacher ignored my difficult
questions.
omit
指因专注或疏忽而忘记某事,
这种失误可能是有意或无意的,该词还可指删除不利或
不必要的东西。
< br>
She should not omit to visit the
museum.
The third part of the book may
be omitted.
The joys of
travel having long ____C______the
disabled
,
are opening up to
virtually anyone who
has the means.
A. omitted
B. missed
C. neglected
D.
Discarded
pal, principle
p>
principal
既可作形容词,又可用作名词。作形容词用时,
通常用来形容地位、作用等优于任
何其它的物或人,常作“首要的”
、
“主要的”
、
“最重要的”解。
作名词用时,通常指技术学
校、师范学校或音乐学校的“校长”
,在美国可指中小学的“校长”
,等于英国英语中的
headm
aster
;也可指剧团里的“主要演员”
,在法律方面,只犯
罪团伙中有别于教唆犯或从
犯的“主犯”
,在财政方面指经营的
活产生利息的“资本”
、
“本金”等。
principle
属名词,通常指做某事的“原则”或某种学
科的“原理”
。
ual, continuous, constant
这三
个形容词都有“连续的”
,
“不断的”的意思,但也有所区别。
continual
“连续的,继
续的,老是“,指在一个较长时间或空间内有间歇的重复。通常修
饰一个令人不快的东西
。
continuous
“连续的
,不断的”
,指某事在或长或短的时间或空间内连续发生,毫无间歇,
< br>但有开始和结束。
constant
“不断的;经常的”
,含有“永恒不变”的意思。
1. ________ smoking does harm to
health.
2. She was tired of _________
trips to the grocery, school and office.
3. The noise of _________________
hammering disturbed me.
4. The brain
needs a ____________ supply of blood.
was ________________ rain for weeks.
6.
It is important in scientific experiments that all
the conditions should be ____________.
7. He was _________ in his efforts to
improve his skills.
,
appear
&
loom<
/p>
这三个词都有“出现”之意
appea
r
指人物的显现,几乎不含背景或来源,只表示进人视野之内。
He appeared before the audience.
他出现在观众面前。
loom
指从雾中或从不清晰的背景中显露出来,
尤
指以庞大或使人产生恐惧的形态突然出现,
其后常接
up
。
A figure loomed up
out of the mist.
迷雾中突然出现了一个身影。
eme
rge
表示从包围中进入开阔空间,由此比喻初露锋芒。
The moon emerged from behind the
clouds.
月亮自云后现出。
Richard was waiting outside the door as
the teacher emerged.
老师出现的时候理查德正在门外等着。
After a long hunt of
him
,
we saw him emerge from
the crowd.
我们找了他半天,才见他出现在人群中
,
wort
hwhile
,
worthy
这三个词都有“值得”的意思,但用法有区别。
worth
可作形容词或名词。一般可用
well<
/p>
,
hardly
修饰,其后接名词或动名词作宾语。接动
名词时,以主动形式表被动意义。整个结构可
用作表语或后置定语。
worthwhile
中的
while
是名词(仅用单数形式)
,原来的意思等于
time
,但现在多作为一般
p>
的而且意思含糊得多的词使用。有时
while
前还可有形容词性的物主代词修饰,其后可接动
名词或不定式短语,其动名词和不定
式短语不是
while
的宾语,而是句中的真正主语,为形
p>
式主语。
worthy
< br>是形容词,用作表语或后置定语时,后常接
of
加名词或
动名词的被动形式,也可接
动词不定式的被动形式。
有时,
p>
该词也可接主动形式的不定式,
这时作
“完
全能够”
解,
如:
In
peculiar, a king must set a good example to his
subjects. Only then would he be worthy to rule.
p>
君主特别要身体力行做其臣民的表率,只有这样,君主才能君临天下。
它还可作前置定语,表示“可敬的”的意思,主要形容在品行方面令人尊敬的人。<
/p>
注意:以
it
开始的句子中,
worth+V-ing
和
worthwhile+V-ing
的区别,一般来说,当
it
代表
某说话人心目中的某个明确的事物时,
只能用
worth+V-ing
的形式。
如:
It is not worth saving.
< br>这件东西不值得保存。当
it
无具体含义,仅用作形式主
语,代表句中后面动名词或不定式
部分时,
只能用
worth while+V-ing
的形式。
如:
It is not worth while saving.
存放是不值得的。
,
distant
&
far
“远”
distant
意为“远的;远隔的”
,比
far
庄严些,特指科学用语,含有距离大小的含义,可
用
于空间也可用于时间,更常被用在比喻的意味上。
e.g.
:
He is a
distant cousin of mine.
他是我的远房表弟。
far
意为“远的”
,是一个比较纯的用语,它不仅指实际的距离,也用在比喻
意义上,指遥远
的前途、未来、过去等等。此词虽有像
a
far country
,
the far future
p>
等用法,但通常被用来作
表语。此词用作副词时,常与
distant
连用。
e.g.
:
The hill is
very far distant.
那座山非常遥远。
remote
意为“遥远的”
,用以
指场所,亦可用以指时间,还含有“孤独的、不易达到的、难
以出名的”等意味,如遥远
的边疆、国家、大海、古代、未来、亲戚等。
e.g.:
(1)They live in a mountain remote from any town or
village.
他们居住在远离任何城镇和村庄的大山里。
(2)Some of your statements are rather
remote from the subject we are discussing.
你有一些话与我们所谈论的问题关系不甚密切。
(3)The chance of finding him were so
remote that they gave up the search.
找到他的机会如此渺茫,以至于他们放弃了搜索
ul
,
lo
yal
&
truthful
三个同都可
作“忠实的,忠诚的”讲
faithful adj.
p>
多指忠诚于相关联的人或事业,也指坚定不移地守信义,后常接
sb
.
,
doctrine
,
promise
等,带有“始终不渝”的意味。
He is faithful to his
promise.
他信守诺言。
He
was faithful from first to
last.
他始终是忠实的。
loyal adj.
指忠实履行自己的誓言或指一贯忠实于
领导、国家、单位和道德准则,含有坚定
不移的意味。
We are loyal to our country.
我们忠于自己的祖国。
She is
a loyal friend.
她是位忠实的朋友。
truthful
adj.
在强调
对个人情感上的忠诚程度时,语气比
loyal
和
faithful
强烈,主要强调诚
实、不撒谎。<
/p>
A truthful man is one who
habitually tells the truth.
一个诚实的人是习惯说实话的。
He gave me a truthful answer.
他给我一个坦诚的回答。
e, consist of, comprise,
constitute (
组成,构成)
1
)
com
pose
常用于被动语态。
Be composed of <
/p>
表示“由?构成”
,用于主动语态时,一般包
含“融合为一”的意思,主语是复合名词或集合名词。
Concrete is composed of cement, sand
and gravel mixed with water.
England,
Scotland and Wales composes the island of Great
Britain.
2) consist of
“由?构成
”
,强调结果是一个统一整体。
New York City consists of five
boroughs.
3) comprise
“由?构成”
,也可表示“构成”
。
The committee comprises men of widely
different views.
Fifty states comprise
the United States.
4) constitute
的主语可以是复数名词,也可以是单数名词,所“构成”的事物在属性和特征
上,亦或在组织上与组成成分一致。
Seven days
constitutes a week.
us
,
splendid
,
b
rilliant
&
superb
这四
个词都有“辉煌的、壮丽的”之意
splendid
指人才华出众,成就辉煌;指物体外观雄伟美丽或光辉灿烂。
The queen wore splendid
jewels.
女王戴着璀璨夺目的珠宝。
brilliant
比喻前程美好。
He predicted a brilliant future of the
child.
他预言那孩子前途无量。
superb
暗指“气派非凡
,
高级
的”之意
The five star hotel
offers superb cuisine.
那家五星级的宾馆做的食物很出色。
glorious
指事迹等辉煌灿烂,景色等美丽壮观、值得赞赏或赞扬。
Look at the glorious rainbow in
the air.
快看天空中那道美丽的彩虹啊。
Her future could be more glorious even
than her
past.
她的将来会比她的过去更加辉煌。
, rate, pace
都可以做名词,都有速度的意思。
s
peed
一般指单位时间内所运动的距离,如:
He drove at a speed of 70 miles per
hour.
We can
’
t go
any faster. We
’
re already at
top speed.
rate
指
比率,率,如速度,出生率,入学率等,指速度时,可与
speed
换用,例如:
She can read at the
rate of 100 words a minute.
He must pay
at the rate of 10 percent.
pace
< br>主要指行走、跑步等的步速,也可指生活、生长、进展等方面的速度、进度等,例如:
If you advance one pace,
I
’
ll shoot you.
The work progressed at a slow pace.
ted, tired,
worn out
都作形容词,都有“累,疲惫”的意思
tired
为常见词,但本身没有指明精力的削减程度,例如:
He became tired from
hours
’
reading.
exhausted
指体力、精力的
完全损耗,难以恢复或需要较长时间才可恢复,例如:
He
returned at last, too exhausted to eat anything.
worn
out
指过度使用而失去价值或功效。
He divorced his wife because he was
worn out from listening to her constant
complaints.
erence, disturbance
disturbance
强调的是扰动和扰乱秩序。
More
than l00 policemen were assigned to put down the
disturbance in the street.
一百多名警察被派去镇压街头的动乱。
interference
是指一般的“干扰、干涉”
。
The interference is originated from
noise.
干扰源于噪音。
Airlines will be able to set cheap
fares without interference from the government.
要是没有政府的干涉,航空公司就能够定低价。
,
exte
nd
,
enlarge
&
stretch
ex
pand
表示长度、面积、体积等方面的扩张、膨胀,多含朝四面八方扩张或延伸之意。
e.g.
:
He expands
his operation to include all aspects of the
clothing business.
他把他的经营扩展
到
服装生意的各个方面。
extend
意为“扩展、延伸”
,表示空间、
时间、土地等方面的扩展或延续,也表示将某事
物延伸到所期望的地步,还可以表示将身
体的各个部位尽可能地伸展开来。
e.g.
< br>:
Can
’
t you
extend your visit for a few
days?
你不能多停留几天吗
?
enlarge
意为“扩大;增长”
,它可以指把照片放大、房子扩大、尺寸或空间扩大,也可以
指
体积、容积的增长,还可以指兴趣、活动范围等抽象观念的增加。
e.g.
:
The
successful investment enlarged his personal
fortune.
成功的投资增加了他的财富。
stretch
< br>意为“伸长;拉紧;展开”
,常指由曲变直,由短变长的伸展,也可表示肢体的舒
展,还可以表示时间、决定等超过了所规定的范围或限度。
e.g.: The cables are designed not to
stretch.
电缆被设计成不可伸展的。
Having
finished
their
morning
work
,
the
clerks
stood
up
behind
their
desks,
___A____
themselves.
A.
stretching
B. extending
C.
prolonging
D. Expanding
, c
omment
”谈论”
,
“评论”
p>
remark:
常用词,指议论、评价,
常含有一种随便的意味,如
I should be
pleased to have your remark.
Her
absence of hair could hardly escape remark.
comment:
强调批评性的评述。
Some
scathing comments were heard from visitors.
在来宾那儿听到了一些尖刻的批评。
It became a matter of cynical comment
among the neighbors.
这件事成了邻居们冷嘲热讽的话题。
15. rely, trust, depend
“信任”
“相信”
rely
完全信任
You are the only woman I can rely on. <
/p>
trust
常强调基于没有说服力的证据的信仰产生的信心。
p>
We must try to trust one
another. Stay and cooperate.
depend
意味着对另一个人的帮助或支持有信心,有“依??而定”的意思。
It is fool hardy to depend on Middle
Eastern countries for our oil supplies.
我们依靠中东国家的石油供给是愚蠢的。
, misuse, mistreat
< br>“不公正对待”
,
“伤害”
,<
/p>
“滥用”
abuse
< br>最普通,指各种故意的或非故意的、言语上的辱骂或行为上的伤害。如:
He was always abusing people when he
was drunk.
The serf-owners had the
right to beat, abuse or even kill the serfs at
will.
The professor plans to give a
presentation on drug abuse in his lecture.
misuse
指不适当的使用,即“误用”
,
“滥用”
,并不一定是有意的。
He misused the idiom.
He
misused his knife at the table by lifting food
with it.
mistreat
多用于美国英语,表示苛
刻或残暴对待,如:
The
dog
’
s owner mistreated it
terribly.
The magistrate administrated
a public thrashing to the landlord who had
mistreated his brother.
法官对那虐待兄弟的地主施以当众鞭笞。
&
flee
两个词都有“逃跑”的含义
esca
pe
指逃离对自己的限制、对个人利益的危险等。
He was recaptured after he escaped.
他逃跑后又被逮捕了。
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇:法语音标详解
下一篇:法语的阴性和阳性如何记